庐山不同海拔植物蒸腾水龄动态及用水策略

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过探究亚热带湿润气候区庐山不同海拔优势植物的水龄和考虑时间来源的用水策略, 为该地区的生态保护和资源利用提供科学依据和支持。以庐山松属(Pinus) (低海拔的马尾松(P. massoniana)、高海拔的黄山松(P. taiwanensis))和栎属(Quercus) (低海拔的栓皮栎(Q. variabilis)、高海拔的短柄枹栎(Q. serrata))共4个树种为研究对象, 于2020年7月至2021年8月, 利用稳定同位素技术和平均蒸腾水龄模型, 分析不同海拔优势植物的蒸腾水龄, 并结合水龄结果和MixSIAR来源混合模型, 分析植物用水策略和季节性变化; 同步监测大气温度、湿度, 土壤含水率, 根系分布等数据分析蒸腾水龄与植物水分来源的季节性变化。结果显示: (1)庐山地区植物主要利用当季降水, 蒸腾水龄为8.67-16.68 d。对于同属植物, 高海拔树种蒸腾水龄小于低海拔树种。且在观测期内马尾松的水龄呈“单谷状”, 黄山松呈“单峰状”。(2)低海拔树种用水策略在雨季前期主要利用浅层土壤水, 随着雨季到来主要吸水层向下移动至深层, 并在雨季后期稳定在深层土壤, 而高海拔树种在雨季后期主要吸水层稳定在土壤中层。(3)相较之下, 考虑时间滞后的低海拔植物用水策略对浅层(0-20 cm)土壤水的依赖减弱, 对深层(60-100 cm)土壤水的吸收比例增加, 高海拔相反。

关键词: 稳定水同位素, 植物用水滞后, 植物水分来源时空变化, 根系分布

Abstract:

Aims To explore the water age of dominant vegetation at different altitudes in Lushan area in the humid climate region and the strategy of water utilization for different aged sources, so as to provide scientific basis for ecological protection and resource utilization in this region.

Methods Four species of Pinus (P. massoniana at low altitude, P. taiwanensisat high altitude) and Quercus (Q. variabilisat low altitude, Q. serrataat high altitude) from Lushan Mountain were studied, using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes technology and linear mixing water age model in order to analyze the transpiration water age of dominant vegetation at different altitudes from July 2020 to August 2021. After then, water age results and the MixSIAR source mixture model were combined to analyze the strategy of water utilization and seasonal changes. Simultaneously monitored included the air temperature and humidity, soil water content, root distribution and others. In the end, the seasonal changes of the transpiration water age and the water sources was analyzed with all the available data.

Important findings (1) Plants in Lushan area mainly use the seasonal precipitation, and the age of transpiration water is between 8.67 and 16.68 d. For the same genus of species, the transpiration water age of high altitude tree species is smaller than that of low altitude. Moreover, during the observation period, the water age of P. massoniana was “single valley-shaped” and P. taiwanensiswas “single peak-shaped”. (2) The low-altitude tree species mainly uses shallow soil water in the early rainy season. With the going-on of rainy season, the main water-absorbing layer moves down to the deep layer, and is stabilized in the deep soil in the late rainy season. However, in the late rainy season, the high-altitude tree species mainly use the water in the middle soil level. (3) In comparison, for the low-altitude trees, their water source is less dependent on shallow (0-20 cm) soil and absorbs more of deep (60-100 cm) soil water. High altitude is on the opposite.

Key words: stable water isotopes, time lag in water use, spatial and temporal changes in plant water sources, root distribution

牛云明, 贾国栋, 王欣, 刘子赫. 庐山不同海拔植物蒸腾水龄动态及用水策略. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1104-1117. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0022

NIU Yun-Ming, JIA Guo-Dong, WANG Xin, LIU Zi-He. Dynamic changes of transpiration water age and water utilization strategies for trees at different altitudes in Lushan area. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1104-1117. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0022

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0022

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1104

图/表 10

图1 庐山地区不同海拔植物。

Fig. 1 Trees at different altitudes in Lushan area.

表1 庐山山区样地概况

Table 1 Summary information of forest plots in Lushan Mountain

样地 Plot	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	林下灌木 Shrub	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	样地规格 Plot standard (m²)
栓皮栎、马尾松混交林 QPMF1	29.50° N, 115.88° E	130	QA, LC	15	半阴坡 Half shady slope	40 × 40
短柄枹栎、黄山松混交林 QPMF2	29.56° N, 115.98° E	1 100	LR, CS	20	阴坡 Shady slope	40 × 40

图2 2020-2021年庐山地区不同海拔气象因子季节性变化。A, 低海拔。B, 高海拔。

Fig. 2 Seasonal variation of meteorological factors at different altitudes in Lushan area in 2020-2021. A, Low altitude. B, High altitude.

图3 庐山地区不同海拔氢氧稳定同位素组成(δ2H、δ18O)。A, 低海拔。B, 高海拔。

Fig. 3 Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope composition (δ2H, δ18O) at different altitudes in Lushan area. A, Low altitude. B, High altitude.

图4 研究期内庐山低海拔(A)和高海拔(B)不同土层含水率变化特征。

Fig. 4 Characteristics of water content changes in different soil layers at low (A) and high altitudes (B) during the research period.

图5 庐山地区的根系生物量分布。A, 马尾松。B, 黄山松。C, 栓皮栎。D, 短柄枹栎。

Fig. 5 Distribution of root biomass of Lushan area. A, Pinus massoniana. B, Pinus taiwanensis. C, Quercus variabilis. D, Quercus serrata.

表2 庐山地区不同海拔优势植物平均蒸腾水龄(d)

Table 2 Average transpiration water age of dominated trees at different altitudes in Lushan area (d)

树种 Species	日期 Date	平均水龄 Average water age	中位数 Median	标准差 Standard deviation	平均水龄 Average water age	中位数 Median	标准差 Standard deviation
马尾松Pinus massoniana	2020-09-10	16.68^a	16.41	7.09	19.90^a	18.03	7.93
	2021-03-04				10.19^b	9.41	5.07
	2021-05-08				18.56^a	16.52	4.80
黄山松Pinus taiwanensis	2020-09-10	11.79^bc	10.18	4.54	12.85^a	12.85	3.03
	2021-03-04				15.90^a	16.71	5.10
	2021-05-08				9.41^b	8.90	3.36
栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	2020-09-10	13.67^ab	10.03	8.61	14.84^a	11.86	8.12
	2021-03-04				11.39^b	5.23	9.64
	2021-05-08				13.62^a	13.37	8.16
短柄枹栎Quercus serrata	2020-09-10	8.67^c	7.40	6.19	8.86^a	8.69	4.02
	2021-03-04				8.42^b	6.72	6.31
	2021-05-08				9.76^a	6.41	6.30

图6 庐山优势植物水分来源季节性变化(平均值±标准差)。A, 马尾松。B, 黄山松。C, 栓皮栎。D, 短柄枹栎。

Fig. 6 Seasonal variation of typical water sources for trees in Lushan area (mean ± SD). A, Pinus massoniana. B, Pinus taiwanensis. C, Quercus variabilis. D, Quercus serrata.

图7 庐山典型植被根区水分补偿比例(β)季节变化图。

Fig. 7 Seasonal variation of root zone water compensation proportion (β) of typical vegetation in Lushan area.

图8 考虑时间来源(A、C)与不考虑时间(B、D)来源的水分来源对比图(平均值±标准差)。A, 马尾松。B, 黄山松。C, 栓皮栎。D, 短柄枹栎。

Fig. 8 Comparison with water source takes time into account (A, C) and without considering time (B, D) (mean ± SD). A, Pinus massoniana. B, Pinus taiwanensis. C, Quercus variabilis. D, Quercus serrata.

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