植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1258-1267.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.006
收稿日期:
2008-04-11
接受日期:
2008-07-29
出版日期:
2008-04-11
发布日期:
2008-11-30
通讯作者:
唐罗忠
作者简介:
*(tangluozhong@yahoo.com.cn)基金资助:
TANG Luo-Zhong1,*(), HUANG Bao-Long1, HAIBARA Kikuo2, TODA Hiroto2
Received:
2008-04-11
Accepted:
2008-07-29
Online:
2008-04-11
Published:
2008-11-30
Contact:
TANG Luo-Zhong
摘要:
池杉(Taxodium ascendens)属于典型的耐水树种, 掌握其根系对淹水环境的生态适应机制对于研究林木耐水机理十分重要。通过对江苏省里下河低湿地17年生池杉在高水位(6~10月淹水, 全年平均地下水位-5 cm)、中水位(8~9月淹水, 全年平均地下水位-18 cm)和低水位(常年不淹水, 全年平均地下水位-41 cm)条件下的根系进行调查, 结果表明, 池杉在高水位条件下形成细长的气生根, 气生根依附于树干北侧或潜伏于树干外表皮内侧和纵裂的树皮缝隙中; 中水位池杉能形成直径(7.9±2.2) cm、高(7.7±2.7) cm的膝根, 每株立木拥有膝根数(5.8±1.7)个; 低水位池杉也能形成膝根, 但个体小、数量少。林木地下和地上生物量均呈现出明显的高水位<中水位<低水位的趋势, 但是地下/地上生物量的比值却呈相反趋势, 表明池杉耐水性虽然很强, 长期处于较高水位时生长会明显受抑, 尤其是地上生物量生长受抑更显著。高、中和低水位池杉的地径/胸径之比分别是2.66±0.11、2.08±0.10和1.75±0.08, 说明水位较高的环境能促进树干基部的相对粗生长。长期淹水导致地下根的容重降低, 但是气生根和膝根的容重却明显大于地下根。高、中水位池杉细根的Fe和Mn浓度显著高于低水位, 其中Fe的浓度相差10倍以上, 但是叶的Fe、Mn浓度在不同水位之间没有显著差异。膝根的呼吸具有明显的季节差异, 8月和9月平均每个膝根的呼吸速率为2.1~2.5 mgCO2·h-1, 6月和11月为0.7~0.9 mgCO2·h-1, 3月为0.4 mgCO2·h-1; 膝根吸收O2的摩尔数是释放CO2摩尔数的4.6倍, 说明膝根吸收的O2除了供自身呼吸, 大部分是提供给地下根利用。池杉之所以具有较强的耐水性, 与其在缺氧环境中能形成气生根和膝根、树干基部膨大和根系容重降低等有利于改善根系通气条件的生态适应机制密切相关。
唐罗忠, 黄宝龙, 生原喜久雄, 户田浩人. 高水位条件下池杉根系的生态适应机制和膝根的呼吸特性. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(6): 1258-1267. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.006
TANG Luo-Zhong, HUANG Bao-Long, HAIBARA Kikuo, TODA Hiroto. ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION MECHANISMS OF ROOTS TO FLOODED SOIL AND RESPIRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF KNEE ROOTS OF TAXODIUM ASCENDENS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(6): 1258-1267. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.006
图1 高水位气生根(1-1, 1-2)和中水位膝根(1-3, 1-4)
Fig. 1 Aerating roots of Taxodium ascendensin the high water table site (1-1, 1-2), and knee roots of T. ascendensin the middle water table site (1-3, 1-4)
图2 每10 cm厚土层中池杉根系生物量 相同字母表示不同水位池杉根系在相等深度土层中的生物量差异不显著 Same letter within the same soil depth in different water table sites indicates no significance at p=0.05
Fig. 2 Root biomass of Taxodium ascendens in 10 cm depth soil in different water table sites
地下生物量(kg·stem-1) Belowground biomass | 地上生物量(kg·stem-1) Aboveground biomass | 地下/地上 Belowg round/Above ground | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高水位 High water table | 13.62±1.43a | 20.56±3.47a | 0.656±0.051a | ||
中水位 Middle water table | 18.80±1.78b | 44.83±4.96b | 0.439±0.043b | ||
低水位 Low water table | 26.69±2.84c | 71.93±9.32c | 0.348±0.038b |
表1 不同水位池杉地下生物量和地上生物量(平均值±标准偏差)
Table 1 Belowground biomass and aboveground biomass of Taxodium ascendens in different water table sites (means±SD)
地下生物量(kg·stem-1) Belowground biomass | 地上生物量(kg·stem-1) Aboveground biomass | 地下/地上 Belowg round/Above ground | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高水位 High water table | 13.62±1.43a | 20.56±3.47a | 0.656±0.051a | ||
中水位 Middle water table | 18.80±1.78b | 44.83±4.96b | 0.439±0.043b | ||
低水位 Low water table | 26.69±2.84c | 71.93±9.32c | 0.348±0.038b |
高水位 High water table | 中水位 Middle water table | 低水位 Low water table | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.66±0.11a | 2.08±0.10b | 1.75±0.08c |
表2 不同水位条件下池杉地径/胸径比(平均值±标准偏差)
Table 2 Ratios of diameter at ground and at breast height of Taxodium ascendens in different water table sites (means±SD)
高水位 High water table | 中水位 Middle water table | 低水位 Low water table | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.66±0.11a | 2.08±0.10b | 1.75±0.08c |
地下根Underground roots (g·cm-3) | 气生根(g·cm-3) Aerating roots | 膝根(g·cm-3) Knee roots | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高水位 High water table | 中水位 Middle water table | 低水位 Low water table | ||
0.390±0.037a | 0.437±0.042a | 0.473±0.051ab | 0.543±0.046b | 0.586±0.048b |
表3 不同水位池杉地下根、气生根和膝根的容重(平均值±标准偏差)
Table 3 Volume weight of underground roots, aerating roots and knee roots of Taxodium ascendens in different water table sites (means±SD)
地下根Underground roots (g·cm-3) | 气生根(g·cm-3) Aerating roots | 膝根(g·cm-3) Knee roots | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高水位 High water table | 中水位 Middle water table | 低水位 Low water table | ||
0.390±0.037a | 0.437±0.042a | 0.473±0.051ab | 0.543±0.046b | 0.586±0.048b |
水位 Water table | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Fe | Mn | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g·kg-1) | ||||||||
叶 Leaves | 高 High | 19.3±2.1a | 1.00±0.13a | 8.2±1.1a | 33.7±4.2a | 4.4±0.4a | 0.96±0.12a | 0.08±0.02a |
中 Middle | 17.9±1.2a | 0.80±0.09a | 9.5±1.3a | 32.9±2.1a | 4.0±0.3a | 1.07±0.16a | 0.05±0.01a | |
低 Low | 17.3±1.8a | 0.85±0.07a | 7.4±0.9a | 30.6±3.4a | 3.8±0.4a | 0.84±0.13a | 0.05±0.01a | |
细根 Fine roots | 高 High | 9.5±1.6a | 0.65±0.05a | 2.4±0.2a | 5.5±0.9a | 1.6±0.2a | 19.1±3.1a | 0.21±0.04a |
中 Middle | 9.7±1.5a | 0.77±0.07a | 2.3±0.2a | 9.2±1.4b | 2.4±0.3b | 23.9±2.8a | 0.25±0.03a | |
低 Low | 12.9±1.8a | 0.73±0.05a | 2.3±0.3a | 10.8±1.8b | 2.2±0.3b | 1.7±0.3b | 0.11±0.02b |
表4 不同水位池杉叶和细根(<2 mm)所含元素浓度(平均值±标准偏差)
Table 4 Elemental concentrations in leaves and fine roots (<2 mm) ofTaxodium ascendens in different water table sites (means±SD)
水位 Water table | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Fe | Mn | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g·kg-1) | ||||||||
叶 Leaves | 高 High | 19.3±2.1a | 1.00±0.13a | 8.2±1.1a | 33.7±4.2a | 4.4±0.4a | 0.96±0.12a | 0.08±0.02a |
中 Middle | 17.9±1.2a | 0.80±0.09a | 9.5±1.3a | 32.9±2.1a | 4.0±0.3a | 1.07±0.16a | 0.05±0.01a | |
低 Low | 17.3±1.8a | 0.85±0.07a | 7.4±0.9a | 30.6±3.4a | 3.8±0.4a | 0.84±0.13a | 0.05±0.01a | |
细根 Fine roots | 高 High | 9.5±1.6a | 0.65±0.05a | 2.4±0.2a | 5.5±0.9a | 1.6±0.2a | 19.1±3.1a | 0.21±0.04a |
中 Middle | 9.7±1.5a | 0.77±0.07a | 2.3±0.2a | 9.2±1.4b | 2.4±0.3b | 23.9±2.8a | 0.25±0.03a | |
低 Low | 12.9±1.8a | 0.73±0.05a | 2.3±0.3a | 10.8±1.8b | 2.2±0.3b | 1.7±0.3b | 0.11±0.02b |
图3 中水位池杉单个膝根的CO2释放速率(a)和O2消耗速率(b) 不同字母表示差异显著 Different letters indicate significant difference at p=0.05
Fig. 3 CO2 flux (a) and O2 absorption rates (b) of each knee root of Taxodium ascendens in middle water table site
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