水氮处理下不同品种水稻根系生长分布特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同栽培条件下水稻(Oryza sativa)根系生长分布特征, 通过不同水氮处理和不同品种的水稻桶栽试验, 采用内置根架法, 于拔节期和抽穗期取样, 获取根系总干重(TRW)、不定根数(ARN)以及各类根(不定根、细分枝根和粗分枝根)的形态指标(长度、表面积和体积), 并分析植株根系生长状况和根系分布特征。结果显示: (1)各试验条件下抽穗期各项根系指标较拔节期均呈增长趋势。同一时期, 各项根系指标在3个施氮水平间均差异显著, 且随施氮量的增加而增加。不同水分处理下, 两个时期的ARN在湿润灌溉(W2)与保持水层(W1)之间差异均不显著, 而其他指标上W2处理均显著最高; 干旱处理 (W3)下, 仅拔节期的TRW和粗分枝形态指标与W1处理接近, 而在其他指标上均显著最低。不同品种间, ‘扬稻6号’ (V3)的各项根系指标均最高, 而‘日本晴’ (V1)和‘武香粳14’ (V2)间差异不显著。(2)各试验条件下, 抽穗期较拔节期根系下扎生长比例增加, 多分布于表层(0-5 cm)土中; 减少氮素和水分供应可提高根系在5 cm以下土层中的分布比例, 且分枝根反应最为明显; 品种V1和V2的深扎根性较V3明显。结果表明, 合理施氮与控水可优化水稻不同类型根的生长与分布特征, 但需考虑不同品种之间的差异。

关键词: 不定根, 分枝根, 水稻, 根系分布, 根系形态

Abstract:

Aims Quantitative study of root growth pattern in rice (Oryza sativa) is of great significance for guiding management regulation and genetic improvement. Our objective was to elucidate the characteristics of root growth and distribution in rice under different conditions of cultivation.

Methods We conducted pot experiments involving different nitrogen rates, water regimes and rice cultivars with the root shelf method. Root indices were measured at the jointing and heading stages, including total dry weight (TRW), adventitious root number (ARN), and morphological indices (length, surface area and volume) of three types of roots (adventitious, fine and coarse lateral roots).

Important findings The observed root indices increased from the jointing stage to the heading stage in all treatments. There were significant differences in root indices among the three nitrogen rates, and each index increased with increasing nitrogen rates at both stages. In the water regime experiment, there was no significant difference in ARN between irrigation (W2) and constant water (W1), but the other indices of W2 were highest at both stages. There were no significant differences in TRW and morphological indices of coarse lateral roots between W1 and dry cultivation (W3) at the jointing stage. The other indices at the jointing stage and all indices at the heading stage were lowest with W3. All indices were significantly highest in the ‘Yangdao 6’ (V3) cultivar, but similar in ‘Nipponbare’ (V1) and ‘Wuxiangjing 14’ (V2) cultivars. In addition, the roots extended more deeply into soil from the jointing to the heading stage, but were mainly distributed in the top 5 cm. Lower nitrogen and water supply would promote spreading of roots in the subsoil (<5 cm) and enhance the proportions of fine and coarse lateral roots. As compared with V3, the roots of V1 and V2 extended more deeply into soil. We concluded that proper nitrogen fertilization and water control could optimize the growth and distribution characteristics of different types of rice roots and this could be influenced by the specific cultivar.

Key words: adventitious roots, lateral roots, rice, root distribution, root morphology

顾东祥, 汤亮, 徐其军, 雷晓俊, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水氮处理下不同品种水稻根系生长分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(5): 558-566. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558

GU Dong-Xiang, TANG Liang, XU Qi-Jun, LEI Xiao-Jun, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan. Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(5): 558-566. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I5/558

图/表 6

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Rapidly available phosphorus P₂O₅ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium K₂O (mg·kg^-1)
2007	12.8	0.86	10.2	105.2
2008	12.2	0.92	9.2	108.8
2009	13.6	1.12	11.1	112.4

年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Rapidly available phosphorus P₂O₅ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium K₂O (mg·kg^-1)
2007	12.8	0.86	10.2	105.2
2008	12.2	0.92	9.2	108.8
2009	13.6	1.12	11.1	112.4

时期 Stage	处理Treatment	根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g)	不定根 Adventitious root				细分枝根 Fine lateral root			粗分枝根 Coarse lateral root
时期 Stage	处理Treatment	根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g)	数量 Number	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)	体积 Volume (cm³)	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)	体积 Volume (cm³)	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)		体积 Volume (cm³)
拔节期 Jointing	N1	0.6414 ± 0.1372^c	167.20 ± 10.10^c	29.95 ± 3.93^c	499.09 ± 86.59^c	7.75 ± 1.22^c	310.10 ± 36.87^c	474.65 ± 69.10^c	0.64 ± 0.08^c	86.48 ± 11.26^c	402.10 ± 62.67^c		1.58 ± 0.19^c
	N2	1.4971 ± 0.0808^b	297.50 ± 16.75^b	56.51 ± 8.30^b	1061.13 ± 65.42^b	18.41 ± 1.44^b	672.48 ± 92.13^b	939.36 ± 216.37^b	1.29 ± 0.15^b	173.59 ± 15.00^b	780.76 ± 155.49^b		3.20 ± 0.31^b
	N3	1.9413 ± 0.1177^a	430.75 ± 48.01^a	84.64 ± 11.34^a	1619.19 ± 283.46^a	28.95 ± 3.79^a	1064.72 ± 165.30^a	1555.18 ± 135.41^a	2.04 ± 0.33^a	269.10 ± 40.43^a	1294.66 ± 118.57^a		5.04 ± 0.50^a
	W1	1.1803 ± 0.0646^b	365.12 ± 27.74^a	54.25 ± 2.22^b	877.68 ± 43.74^b	13.04 ± 1.08^b	576.81 ± 28.71^b	832.97 ± 61.52^b	1.11 ± 0.05^b	118.15 ± 4.27^b	543.30 ± 26.85^b		2.11 ± 0.08^b
	W2	1.6447 ± 0.1114^a	351.53 ± 62.45^a	64.13 ± 1.75^a	1206.54 ± 132.22^a	20.10 ± 2.47^a	679.35 ± 37.99^a	977.76 ± 39.03^a	1.39 ± 0.08^a	135.22 ± 4.46^a	624.92 ± 14.07^a		2.44 ± 0.14^a
	W3	0.8985 ± 0.2326^b	225.67 ± 11.05^b	36.93 ± 4.47^c	571.14 ± 50.19^c	7.92 ± 1.00^c	447.50 ± 33.80^c	666.96 ± 39.66^c	0.92 ± 0.06^c	119.60 ± 4.49^b	553.31 ± 27.33^b		2.16 ± 0.05^b
	V1	1.6978 ± 0.0981^b	316.58 ± 22.98^b	79.03 ± 6.42^b	1414.43 ± 111.08^b	22.61 ± 1.37^b	743.48 ± 76.03^b	1071.48 ± 90.34^b	1.43 ± 0.19^b	183.74 ± 12.02^b	850.68 ± 57.13^b		3.33 ± 0.25^b
	V2	1.9738 ± 0.1817^b	368.22 ± 14.19^b	73.45 ± 8.62^b	1296.83 ± 61.06^b	21.26 ± 2.98^b	988.69 ± 41.61^b	1425.67 ± 151.00^b	1.90 ± 0.20^b	243.93 ± 29.32^b	1180.93 ± 99.00^b		4.44 ± 0.54^b
	V3	5.6611 ± 0.5045^a	502.37 ± 12.35^a	165.82 ± 12.86^a	3799.11 ± 292.93^a	81.98 ± 6.39^a	3022.28 ± 235.05^a	4197.24 ± 322.18^a	5.42 ± 0.41^a	806.03 ± 59.52^a	4219.51 ± 311.69^a		19.30 ± 0.79^a
抽穗期 Heading	N1	0.8722 ± 0.0557^c	223.33 ± 22.01^c	44.33 ± 2.49^c	743.72 ± 64.81^c	10.88 ± 1.07^c	412.25 ± 26.24^c	614.18 ± 29.73^c	0.83 ± 0.04^c	93.74 ± 10.94^c	502.74 ± 38.01^c		1.99 ± 0.15^c
	N2	3.0084 ± 0.4759^b	453.25 ± 40.03^b	122.99 ± 21.68^b	2184.50 ± 245.02^b	36.12 ± 4.44^b	1725.28 ± 302.70^b	2513.02 ± 406.40^b	3.25 ± 0.54^b	531.00 ± 51.85^b	2449.06 ± 233.41^b		9.97 ± 1.26^b
	N3	4.4898 ± 0.6940^a	598.01 ± 75.91^a	191.44 ± 25.86^a	3640.66 ± 508.23^a	63.90 ± 8.96^a	2665.57 ± 417.33^a	3828.54 ± 608.08^a	5.12 ± 0.90^a	695.50 ± 73.36^a	3336.40 ± 451.14^a		13.24 ± 1.24^a
	W1	2.1777 ± 0.1698^b	423.33 ± 7.14^a	97.01 ± 5.50^b	1548.90 ± 54.58^b	25.01 ± 1.90^b	1188.46 ± 84.94^b	1788.62 ± 139.90^b	2.40 ± 0.29^b	353.12 ± 47.04^b	1659.75 ± 175.50^b		6.61 ± 0.81^b
	W2	2.6336 ± 0.1076^a	417.17 ± 12.52^a	110.12 ± 4.06^a	1738.45 ± 67.30^a	28.98 ± 2.42^a	1608.04 ± 100.84^a	2563.26 ± 228.36^a	3.54 ± 0.30^a	491.69 ± 56.06^a	2281.14 ± 196.86^a		8.93 ± 0.63^a
	W3	1.1834 ± 0.1557^c	247.67 ± 15.08^b	38.56 ± 3.14^c	588.87 ± 45.82^c	8.17 ± 0.67^c	788.91 ± 95.34^c	1155.99 ± 65.25^c	1.62 ± 0.15^c	221.48 ± 16.05^c	1031.92 ± 87.71^c		3.38 ± 0.29^c
	V1	3.0653 ± 0.3281^b	512.50 ± 36.26^b	169.05 ± 10.52^b	3000.44 ± 321.33^b	48.42 ± 4.76^b	1809.14 ± 89.80^b	2652.25 ± 253.54^b	3.51 ± 0.46^b	414.97 ± 53.23^b		1882.69 ± 112.64^b	7.25 ± 0.53^b
	V2	3.0429 ± 0.3306^b	455.67 ± 20.46^b	139.83 ± 4.17^b	2421.94 ± 298.53^b	36.97 ± 3.45^b	1886.51 ± 81.86^b	2730.81 ± 178.16^b	3.70 ± 0.24^b	512.88 ± 21.38^b		2388.55 ± 84.76^b	9.41 ± 0.63^b
	V3	7.9479 ± 0.7547^a	608.00 ± 34.31^a	284.89 ± 20.59^a	6187.82 ± 310.94^a	108.09 ± 4.22^a	5195.46 ± 395.94^a	7430.04 ± 685.46^a	9.05 ± 0.93^a	1494.43 ± 142.27^a		6548.49 ± 384.12^a	26.38 ± 1.82^a

时期 Stage	处理Treatment	根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g)	不定根 Adventitious root				细分枝根 Fine lateral root			粗分枝根 Coarse lateral root
时期 Stage	处理Treatment	根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g)	数量 Number	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)	体积 Volume (cm³)	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)	体积 Volume (cm³)	长度 Length (m)	表面积 Surface area (cm²)		体积 Volume (cm³)
拔节期 Jointing	N1	0.6414 ± 0.1372^c	167.20 ± 10.10^c	29.95 ± 3.93^c	499.09 ± 86.59^c	7.75 ± 1.22^c	310.10 ± 36.87^c	474.65 ± 69.10^c	0.64 ± 0.08^c	86.48 ± 11.26^c	402.10 ± 62.67^c		1.58 ± 0.19^c
	N2	1.4971 ± 0.0808^b	297.50 ± 16.75^b	56.51 ± 8.30^b	1061.13 ± 65.42^b	18.41 ± 1.44^b	672.48 ± 92.13^b	939.36 ± 216.37^b	1.29 ± 0.15^b	173.59 ± 15.00^b	780.76 ± 155.49^b		3.20 ± 0.31^b
	N3	1.9413 ± 0.1177^a	430.75 ± 48.01^a	84.64 ± 11.34^a	1619.19 ± 283.46^a	28.95 ± 3.79^a	1064.72 ± 165.30^a	1555.18 ± 135.41^a	2.04 ± 0.33^a	269.10 ± 40.43^a	1294.66 ± 118.57^a		5.04 ± 0.50^a
	W1	1.1803 ± 0.0646^b	365.12 ± 27.74^a	54.25 ± 2.22^b	877.68 ± 43.74^b	13.04 ± 1.08^b	576.81 ± 28.71^b	832.97 ± 61.52^b	1.11 ± 0.05^b	118.15 ± 4.27^b	543.30 ± 26.85^b		2.11 ± 0.08^b
	W2	1.6447 ± 0.1114^a	351.53 ± 62.45^a	64.13 ± 1.75^a	1206.54 ± 132.22^a	20.10 ± 2.47^a	679.35 ± 37.99^a	977.76 ± 39.03^a	1.39 ± 0.08^a	135.22 ± 4.46^a	624.92 ± 14.07^a		2.44 ± 0.14^a
	W3	0.8985 ± 0.2326^b	225.67 ± 11.05^b	36.93 ± 4.47^c	571.14 ± 50.19^c	7.92 ± 1.00^c	447.50 ± 33.80^c	666.96 ± 39.66^c	0.92 ± 0.06^c	119.60 ± 4.49^b	553.31 ± 27.33^b		2.16 ± 0.05^b
	V1	1.6978 ± 0.0981^b	316.58 ± 22.98^b	79.03 ± 6.42^b	1414.43 ± 111.08^b	22.61 ± 1.37^b	743.48 ± 76.03^b	1071.48 ± 90.34^b	1.43 ± 0.19^b	183.74 ± 12.02^b	850.68 ± 57.13^b		3.33 ± 0.25^b
	V2	1.9738 ± 0.1817^b	368.22 ± 14.19^b	73.45 ± 8.62^b	1296.83 ± 61.06^b	21.26 ± 2.98^b	988.69 ± 41.61^b	1425.67 ± 151.00^b	1.90 ± 0.20^b	243.93 ± 29.32^b	1180.93 ± 99.00^b		4.44 ± 0.54^b
	V3	5.6611 ± 0.5045^a	502.37 ± 12.35^a	165.82 ± 12.86^a	3799.11 ± 292.93^a	81.98 ± 6.39^a	3022.28 ± 235.05^a	4197.24 ± 322.18^a	5.42 ± 0.41^a	806.03 ± 59.52^a	4219.51 ± 311.69^a		19.30 ± 0.79^a
抽穗期 Heading	N1	0.8722 ± 0.0557^c	223.33 ± 22.01^c	44.33 ± 2.49^c	743.72 ± 64.81^c	10.88 ± 1.07^c	412.25 ± 26.24^c	614.18 ± 29.73^c	0.83 ± 0.04^c	93.74 ± 10.94^c	502.74 ± 38.01^c		1.99 ± 0.15^c
	N2	3.0084 ± 0.4759^b	453.25 ± 40.03^b	122.99 ± 21.68^b	2184.50 ± 245.02^b	36.12 ± 4.44^b	1725.28 ± 302.70^b	2513.02 ± 406.40^b	3.25 ± 0.54^b	531.00 ± 51.85^b	2449.06 ± 233.41^b		9.97 ± 1.26^b
	N3	4.4898 ± 0.6940^a	598.01 ± 75.91^a	191.44 ± 25.86^a	3640.66 ± 508.23^a	63.90 ± 8.96^a	2665.57 ± 417.33^a	3828.54 ± 608.08^a	5.12 ± 0.90^a	695.50 ± 73.36^a	3336.40 ± 451.14^a		13.24 ± 1.24^a
	W1	2.1777 ± 0.1698^b	423.33 ± 7.14^a	97.01 ± 5.50^b	1548.90 ± 54.58^b	25.01 ± 1.90^b	1188.46 ± 84.94^b	1788.62 ± 139.90^b	2.40 ± 0.29^b	353.12 ± 47.04^b	1659.75 ± 175.50^b		6.61 ± 0.81^b
	W2	2.6336 ± 0.1076^a	417.17 ± 12.52^a	110.12 ± 4.06^a	1738.45 ± 67.30^a	28.98 ± 2.42^a	1608.04 ± 100.84^a	2563.26 ± 228.36^a	3.54 ± 0.30^a	491.69 ± 56.06^a	2281.14 ± 196.86^a		8.93 ± 0.63^a
	W3	1.1834 ± 0.1557^c	247.67 ± 15.08^b	38.56 ± 3.14^c	588.87 ± 45.82^c	8.17 ± 0.67^c	788.91 ± 95.34^c	1155.99 ± 65.25^c	1.62 ± 0.15^c	221.48 ± 16.05^c	1031.92 ± 87.71^c		3.38 ± 0.29^c
	V1	3.0653 ± 0.3281^b	512.50 ± 36.26^b	169.05 ± 10.52^b	3000.44 ± 321.33^b	48.42 ± 4.76^b	1809.14 ± 89.80^b	2652.25 ± 253.54^b	3.51 ± 0.46^b	414.97 ± 53.23^b		1882.69 ± 112.64^b	7.25 ± 0.53^b
	V2	3.0429 ± 0.3306^b	455.67 ± 20.46^b	139.83 ± 4.17^b	2421.94 ± 298.53^b	36.97 ± 3.45^b	1886.51 ± 81.86^b	2730.81 ± 178.16^b	3.70 ± 0.24^b	512.88 ± 21.38^b		2388.55 ± 84.76^b	9.41 ± 0.63^b
	V3	7.9479 ± 0.7547^a	608.00 ± 34.31^a	284.89 ± 20.59^a	6187.82 ± 310.94^a	108.09 ± 4.22^a	5195.46 ± 395.94^a	7430.04 ± 685.46^a	9.05 ± 0.93^a	1494.43 ± 142.27^a		6548.49 ± 384.12^a	26.38 ± 1.82^a