植物生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 558-566.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558
收稿日期:
2010-07-24
接受日期:
2011-01-10
出版日期:
2011-07-24
发布日期:
2011-06-07
通讯作者:
朱艳
作者简介:
* E-mail: yanzhu@njau.edu.cn
GU Dong-Xiang, TANG Liang, XU Qi-Jun, LEI Xiao-Jun, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan*()
Received:
2010-07-24
Accepted:
2011-01-10
Online:
2011-07-24
Published:
2011-06-07
Contact:
ZHU Yan
摘要:
为明确不同栽培条件下水稻(Oryza sativa)根系生长分布特征, 通过不同水氮处理和不同品种的水稻桶栽试验, 采用内置根架法, 于拔节期和抽穗期取样, 获取根系总干重(TRW)、不定根数(ARN)以及各类根(不定根、细分枝根和粗分枝根)的形态指标(长度、表面积和体积), 并分析植株根系生长状况和根系分布特征。结果显示: (1)各试验条件下抽穗期各项根系指标较拔节期均呈增长趋势。同一时期, 各项根系指标在3个施氮水平间均差异显著, 且随施氮量的增加而增加。不同水分处理下, 两个时期的ARN在湿润灌溉(W2)与保持水层(W1)之间差异均不显著, 而其他指标上W2处理均显著最高; 干旱处理 (W3)下, 仅拔节期的TRW和粗分枝形态指标与W1处理接近, 而在其他指标上均显著最低。不同品种间, ‘扬稻6号’ (V3)的各项根系指标均最高, 而‘日本晴’ (V1)和‘武香粳14’ (V2)间差异不显著。(2)各试验条件下, 抽穗期较拔节期根系下扎生长比例增加, 多分布于表层(0-5 cm)土中; 减少氮素和水分供应可提高根系在5 cm以下土层中的分布比例, 且分枝根反应最为明显; 品种V1和V2的深扎根性较V3明显。结果表明, 合理施氮与控水可优化水稻不同类型根的生长与分布特征, 但需考虑不同品种之间的差异。
顾东祥, 汤亮, 徐其军, 雷晓俊, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水氮处理下不同品种水稻根系生长分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(5): 558-566. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558
GU Dong-Xiang, TANG Liang, XU Qi-Jun, LEI Xiao-Jun, CAO Wei-Xing, ZHU Yan. Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(5): 558-566. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00558
年份 Year | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Rapidly available phosphorus P2O5 (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Rapidly available potassium K2O (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 12.8 | 0.86 | 10.2 | 105.2 |
2008 | 12.2 | 0.92 | 9.2 | 108.8 |
2009 | 13.6 | 1.12 | 11.1 | 112.4 |
表1 不同试验年份的土壤养分状况
Table 1 Soil nutrient content in different experiment years
年份 Year | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Rapidly available phosphorus P2O5 (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Rapidly available potassium K2O (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 12.8 | 0.86 | 10.2 | 105.2 |
2008 | 12.2 | 0.92 | 9.2 | 108.8 |
2009 | 13.6 | 1.12 | 11.1 | 112.4 |
时期 Stage | 处理Treatment | 根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g) | 不定根 Adventitious root | 细分枝根 Fine lateral root | 粗分枝根 Coarse lateral root | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | |||||||
拔节期 Jointing | N1 | 0.6414 ± 0.1372c | 167.20 ± 10.10c | 29.95 ± 3.93c | 499.09 ± 86.59c | 7.75 ± 1.22c | 310.10 ± 36.87c | 474.65 ± 69.10c | 0.64 ± 0.08c | 86.48 ± 11.26c | 402.10 ± 62.67c | 1.58 ± 0.19c | ||||
N2 | 1.4971 ± 0.0808b | 297.50 ± 16.75b | 56.51 ± 8.30b | 1061.13 ± 65.42b | 18.41 ± 1.44b | 672.48 ± 92.13b | 939.36 ± 216.37b | 1.29 ± 0.15b | 173.59 ± 15.00b | 780.76 ± 155.49b | 3.20 ± 0.31b | |||||
N3 | 1.9413 ± 0.1177a | 430.75 ± 48.01a | 84.64 ± 11.34a | 1619.19 ± 283.46a | 28.95 ± 3.79a | 1064.72 ± 165.30a | 1555.18 ± 135.41a | 2.04 ± 0.33a | 269.10 ± 40.43a | 1294.66 ± 118.57a | 5.04 ± 0.50a | |||||
W1 | 1.1803 ± 0.0646b | 365.12 ± 27.74a | 54.25 ± 2.22b | 877.68 ± 43.74b | 13.04 ± 1.08b | 576.81 ± 28.71b | 832.97 ± 61.52b | 1.11 ± 0.05b | 118.15 ± 4.27b | 543.30 ± 26.85b | 2.11 ± 0.08b | |||||
W2 | 1.6447 ± 0.1114a | 351.53 ± 62.45a | 64.13 ± 1.75a | 1206.54 ± 132.22a | 20.10 ± 2.47a | 679.35 ± 37.99a | 977.76 ± 39.03a | 1.39 ± 0.08a | 135.22 ± 4.46a | 624.92 ± 14.07a | 2.44 ± 0.14a | |||||
W3 | 0.8985 ± 0.2326b | 225.67 ± 11.05b | 36.93 ± 4.47c | 571.14 ± 50.19c | 7.92 ± 1.00c | 447.50 ± 33.80c | 666.96 ± 39.66c | 0.92 ± 0.06c | 119.60 ± 4.49b | 553.31 ± 27.33b | 2.16 ± 0.05b | |||||
V1 | 1.6978 ± 0.0981b | 316.58 ± 22.98b | 79.03 ± 6.42b | 1414.43 ± 111.08b | 22.61 ± 1.37b | 743.48 ± 76.03b | 1071.48 ± 90.34b | 1.43 ± 0.19b | 183.74 ± 12.02b | 850.68 ± 57.13b | 3.33 ± 0.25b | |||||
V2 | 1.9738 ± 0.1817b | 368.22 ± 14.19b | 73.45 ± 8.62b | 1296.83 ± 61.06b | 21.26 ± 2.98b | 988.69 ± 41.61b | 1425.67 ± 151.00b | 1.90 ± 0.20b | 243.93 ± 29.32b | 1180.93 ± 99.00b | 4.44 ± 0.54b | |||||
V3 | 5.6611 ± 0.5045a | 502.37 ± 12.35a | 165.82 ± 12.86a | 3799.11 ± 292.93a | 81.98 ± 6.39a | 3022.28 ± 235.05a | 4197.24 ± 322.18a | 5.42 ± 0.41a | 806.03 ± 59.52a | 4219.51 ± 311.69a | 19.30 ± 0.79a | |||||
抽穗期 Heading | N1 | 0.8722 ± 0.0557c | 223.33 ± 22.01c | 44.33 ± 2.49c | 743.72 ± 64.81c | 10.88 ± 1.07c | 412.25 ± 26.24c | 614.18 ± 29.73c | 0.83 ± 0.04c | 93.74 ± 10.94c | 502.74 ± 38.01c | 1.99 ± 0.15c | ||||
N2 | 3.0084 ± 0.4759b | 453.25 ± 40.03b | 122.99 ± 21.68b | 2184.50 ± 245.02b | 36.12 ± 4.44b | 1725.28 ± 302.70b | 2513.02 ± 406.40b | 3.25 ± 0.54b | 531.00 ± 51.85b | 2449.06 ± 233.41b | 9.97 ± 1.26b | |||||
N3 | 4.4898 ± 0.6940a | 598.01 ± 75.91a | 191.44 ± 25.86a | 3640.66 ± 508.23a | 63.90 ± 8.96a | 2665.57 ± 417.33a | 3828.54 ± 608.08a | 5.12 ± 0.90a | 695.50 ± 73.36a | 3336.40 ± 451.14a | 13.24 ± 1.24a | |||||
W1 | 2.1777 ± 0.1698b | 423.33 ± 7.14a | 97.01 ± 5.50b | 1548.90 ± 54.58b | 25.01 ± 1.90b | 1188.46 ± 84.94b | 1788.62 ± 139.90b | 2.40 ± 0.29b | 353.12 ± 47.04b | 1659.75 ± 175.50b | 6.61 ± 0.81b | |||||
W2 | 2.6336 ± 0.1076a | 417.17 ± 12.52a | 110.12 ± 4.06a | 1738.45 ± 67.30a | 28.98 ± 2.42a | 1608.04 ± 100.84a | 2563.26 ± 228.36a | 3.54 ± 0.30a | 491.69 ± 56.06a | 2281.14 ± 196.86a | 8.93 ± 0.63a | |||||
W3 | 1.1834 ± 0.1557c | 247.67 ± 15.08b | 38.56 ± 3.14c | 588.87 ± 45.82c | 8.17 ± 0.67c | 788.91 ± 95.34c | 1155.99 ± 65.25c | 1.62 ± 0.15c | 221.48 ± 16.05c | 1031.92 ± 87.71c | 3.38 ± 0.29c | |||||
V1 | 3.0653 ± 0.3281b | 512.50 ± 36.26b | 169.05 ± 10.52b | 3000.44 ± 321.33b | 48.42 ± 4.76b | 1809.14 ± 89.80b | 2652.25 ± 253.54b | 3.51 ± 0.46b | 414.97 ± 53.23b | 1882.69 ± 112.64b | 7.25 ± 0.53b | |||||
V2 | 3.0429 ± 0.3306b | 455.67 ± 20.46b | 139.83 ± 4.17b | 2421.94 ± 298.53b | 36.97 ± 3.45b | 1886.51 ± 81.86b | 2730.81 ± 178.16b | 3.70 ± 0.24b | 512.88 ± 21.38b | 2388.55 ± 84.76b | 9.41 ± 0.63b | |||||
V3 | 7.9479 ± 0.7547a | 608.00 ± 34.31a | 284.89 ± 20.59a | 6187.82 ± 310.94a | 108.09 ± 4.22a | 5195.46 ± 395.94a | 7430.04 ± 685.46a | 9.05 ± 0.93a | 1494.43 ± 142.27a | 6548.49 ± 384.12a | 26.38 ± 1.82a |
表2 不同试验条件下水稻植株根系形态特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)
Table 2 Morphological characteristics of rice roots at different growth stages under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 6)
时期 Stage | 处理Treatment | 根系总干重 Total root dry weight (g) | 不定根 Adventitious root | 细分枝根 Fine lateral root | 粗分枝根 Coarse lateral root | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | 长度 Length (m) | 表面积 Surface area (cm2) | 体积 Volume (cm3) | |||||||
拔节期 Jointing | N1 | 0.6414 ± 0.1372c | 167.20 ± 10.10c | 29.95 ± 3.93c | 499.09 ± 86.59c | 7.75 ± 1.22c | 310.10 ± 36.87c | 474.65 ± 69.10c | 0.64 ± 0.08c | 86.48 ± 11.26c | 402.10 ± 62.67c | 1.58 ± 0.19c | ||||
N2 | 1.4971 ± 0.0808b | 297.50 ± 16.75b | 56.51 ± 8.30b | 1061.13 ± 65.42b | 18.41 ± 1.44b | 672.48 ± 92.13b | 939.36 ± 216.37b | 1.29 ± 0.15b | 173.59 ± 15.00b | 780.76 ± 155.49b | 3.20 ± 0.31b | |||||
N3 | 1.9413 ± 0.1177a | 430.75 ± 48.01a | 84.64 ± 11.34a | 1619.19 ± 283.46a | 28.95 ± 3.79a | 1064.72 ± 165.30a | 1555.18 ± 135.41a | 2.04 ± 0.33a | 269.10 ± 40.43a | 1294.66 ± 118.57a | 5.04 ± 0.50a | |||||
W1 | 1.1803 ± 0.0646b | 365.12 ± 27.74a | 54.25 ± 2.22b | 877.68 ± 43.74b | 13.04 ± 1.08b | 576.81 ± 28.71b | 832.97 ± 61.52b | 1.11 ± 0.05b | 118.15 ± 4.27b | 543.30 ± 26.85b | 2.11 ± 0.08b | |||||
W2 | 1.6447 ± 0.1114a | 351.53 ± 62.45a | 64.13 ± 1.75a | 1206.54 ± 132.22a | 20.10 ± 2.47a | 679.35 ± 37.99a | 977.76 ± 39.03a | 1.39 ± 0.08a | 135.22 ± 4.46a | 624.92 ± 14.07a | 2.44 ± 0.14a | |||||
W3 | 0.8985 ± 0.2326b | 225.67 ± 11.05b | 36.93 ± 4.47c | 571.14 ± 50.19c | 7.92 ± 1.00c | 447.50 ± 33.80c | 666.96 ± 39.66c | 0.92 ± 0.06c | 119.60 ± 4.49b | 553.31 ± 27.33b | 2.16 ± 0.05b | |||||
V1 | 1.6978 ± 0.0981b | 316.58 ± 22.98b | 79.03 ± 6.42b | 1414.43 ± 111.08b | 22.61 ± 1.37b | 743.48 ± 76.03b | 1071.48 ± 90.34b | 1.43 ± 0.19b | 183.74 ± 12.02b | 850.68 ± 57.13b | 3.33 ± 0.25b | |||||
V2 | 1.9738 ± 0.1817b | 368.22 ± 14.19b | 73.45 ± 8.62b | 1296.83 ± 61.06b | 21.26 ± 2.98b | 988.69 ± 41.61b | 1425.67 ± 151.00b | 1.90 ± 0.20b | 243.93 ± 29.32b | 1180.93 ± 99.00b | 4.44 ± 0.54b | |||||
V3 | 5.6611 ± 0.5045a | 502.37 ± 12.35a | 165.82 ± 12.86a | 3799.11 ± 292.93a | 81.98 ± 6.39a | 3022.28 ± 235.05a | 4197.24 ± 322.18a | 5.42 ± 0.41a | 806.03 ± 59.52a | 4219.51 ± 311.69a | 19.30 ± 0.79a | |||||
抽穗期 Heading | N1 | 0.8722 ± 0.0557c | 223.33 ± 22.01c | 44.33 ± 2.49c | 743.72 ± 64.81c | 10.88 ± 1.07c | 412.25 ± 26.24c | 614.18 ± 29.73c | 0.83 ± 0.04c | 93.74 ± 10.94c | 502.74 ± 38.01c | 1.99 ± 0.15c | ||||
N2 | 3.0084 ± 0.4759b | 453.25 ± 40.03b | 122.99 ± 21.68b | 2184.50 ± 245.02b | 36.12 ± 4.44b | 1725.28 ± 302.70b | 2513.02 ± 406.40b | 3.25 ± 0.54b | 531.00 ± 51.85b | 2449.06 ± 233.41b | 9.97 ± 1.26b | |||||
N3 | 4.4898 ± 0.6940a | 598.01 ± 75.91a | 191.44 ± 25.86a | 3640.66 ± 508.23a | 63.90 ± 8.96a | 2665.57 ± 417.33a | 3828.54 ± 608.08a | 5.12 ± 0.90a | 695.50 ± 73.36a | 3336.40 ± 451.14a | 13.24 ± 1.24a | |||||
W1 | 2.1777 ± 0.1698b | 423.33 ± 7.14a | 97.01 ± 5.50b | 1548.90 ± 54.58b | 25.01 ± 1.90b | 1188.46 ± 84.94b | 1788.62 ± 139.90b | 2.40 ± 0.29b | 353.12 ± 47.04b | 1659.75 ± 175.50b | 6.61 ± 0.81b | |||||
W2 | 2.6336 ± 0.1076a | 417.17 ± 12.52a | 110.12 ± 4.06a | 1738.45 ± 67.30a | 28.98 ± 2.42a | 1608.04 ± 100.84a | 2563.26 ± 228.36a | 3.54 ± 0.30a | 491.69 ± 56.06a | 2281.14 ± 196.86a | 8.93 ± 0.63a | |||||
W3 | 1.1834 ± 0.1557c | 247.67 ± 15.08b | 38.56 ± 3.14c | 588.87 ± 45.82c | 8.17 ± 0.67c | 788.91 ± 95.34c | 1155.99 ± 65.25c | 1.62 ± 0.15c | 221.48 ± 16.05c | 1031.92 ± 87.71c | 3.38 ± 0.29c | |||||
V1 | 3.0653 ± 0.3281b | 512.50 ± 36.26b | 169.05 ± 10.52b | 3000.44 ± 321.33b | 48.42 ± 4.76b | 1809.14 ± 89.80b | 2652.25 ± 253.54b | 3.51 ± 0.46b | 414.97 ± 53.23b | 1882.69 ± 112.64b | 7.25 ± 0.53b | |||||
V2 | 3.0429 ± 0.3306b | 455.67 ± 20.46b | 139.83 ± 4.17b | 2421.94 ± 298.53b | 36.97 ± 3.45b | 1886.51 ± 81.86b | 2730.81 ± 178.16b | 3.70 ± 0.24b | 512.88 ± 21.38b | 2388.55 ± 84.76b | 9.41 ± 0.63b | |||||
V3 | 7.9479 ± 0.7547a | 608.00 ± 34.31a | 284.89 ± 20.59a | 6187.82 ± 310.94a | 108.09 ± 4.22a | 5195.46 ± 395.94a | 7430.04 ± 685.46a | 9.05 ± 0.93a | 1494.43 ± 142.27a | 6548.49 ± 384.12a | 26.38 ± 1.82a |
图2 不同氮肥处理下水稻植株根系的分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。同一土层中不同的字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。A, 拔节期; B, 抽穗期; A, B后的数字分别表示不同指标: 1, 根系总干重; 2, 不定根长; 3, 细分枝根长; 4, 粗分枝根长。N1, 不施氮肥; N2, 每桶施氮1.5 g; N3, 每桶施氮3.0 g。
Fig. 2 Root spatial distribution in rice under different nitrogen treatments. Different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 in the same soil layer among three treatments (mean ± SE). A, jointing; B, heading; the following number denoted different rice root morphology characteristic indices: 1, root dry weight; 2, length of adventitious root; 3, length of fine lateral root; 4, length of coarse lateral root. N1, 0 N; N2, 1.5 g·pot-1 N; N3, 3.0 g pot-1 N.
图3 不同水分处理下水稻植株根系的分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。W1, 保持1-2 cm水层; W2, 湿润灌溉; W3, 干旱处理。其他图注同图2。
Fig. 3 Root spatial distribution in rice under different water regimes (mean ± SE). W1, keeping 1-2 cm water layer; W2, wetting irrigation; W3, dry cultivation. The other notes see Fig. 2.
图4 不同品种水稻根系的分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。V1, ‘日本晴’ ; V2, ‘武香粳14’ ; V3, ‘扬稻6号’。其他图注同图2。
Fig. 4 Root spatial distribution under different rice cultivars (mean ± SE). V1, ‘Nipponbare’ ; V2, ‘Wuxiangjing 14’ ; V3, ‘Yangdao 6’. The other notes see Fig. 2.
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