结实期土壤水分亏缺影响水稻籽粒灌浆的生理原因

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析结实期土壤水分亏缺对水稻(Oryza sativa)籽粒中蔗糖向淀粉合成的生理代谢中关键酶活性及籽粒灌浆的调节作用, 探讨土壤水分亏缺影响水稻籽粒灌浆的生理机制。结果表明, 适度土壤水分亏缺诱导了灌浆高峰期(花后15-20天)水稻籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酶葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶及淀粉分支酶活性的增加, 提高了籽粒灌浆中前期(花后10-20天)籽粒中淀粉积累速率和籽粒灌浆速率。但在灌浆后期(花后20-30天)籽粒中, 上述关键酶活性下降较快, 籽粒活跃灌浆期明显缩短, 灌浆前中期灌浆速率的增加不能完全补偿灌浆期缩短带来的同化物积累损失, 导致水分亏缺处理水稻籽粒充实不良, 结实率、籽粒重和产量显著降低。研究认为, 灌浆期土壤水分亏缺引起的灌浆后期籽粒中蔗糖向淀粉合成代谢中一些关键酶活性快速下降和籽粒内容物的供应不足是籽粒淀粉积累总量减少、粒重降低的主要生理原因。

关键词: 籽粒灌浆, 水稻, 土壤水分亏缺, 淀粉合成, 蔗糖

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to elucidate the physiological causes of the influence of soil water deficit on grain-filling and rice (Oryza sativa) yield by evaluating enzyme activities involved in sucrose-starch synthesis during the grain-filling period.
Methods Two rice cultivars (‘Shanyou 63’ and ‘Pc311/Zaoxiandang’) were grown in cement containers. Controlled soil water deficit was imposed at 9th day after flowering because the division of endosperm cells is sensitive to water deficit. The activities of key enzymes involved in the metabolism of sucrose to starch during grain-filling were evaluated.
Important findings The 1000-grain weight and rice yield under soil water deficit were significantly decreased. The key enzyme activities, including sucrose synthase, adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase and starch branching enzyme, involved in the metabolism of sucrose to starch were significantly increased under soil water deficit during 10-20 days after anthesis. However, the activities of these enzymes under soil water-deficit were decreased rapidly 20-30 days after flowering compared to well-watered treatments. Active grain-filling periods of the water-deficit treatments were shortened as a result of the decrease of starch accumulation. Therefore, the rapid decline of the key enzyme activities involved in sucrose to starch metabolism and the shortage of assimilation supply at 20-30 days after anthesis are reasons for decreases in grain weight and yield under soil water deficit conditions.

Key words: grain-filling, rice, soil water deficit, starch synthesis, sucrose

王维, 蔡一霞, 杨建昌, 朱庆森. 结实期土壤水分亏缺影响水稻籽粒灌浆的生理原因. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(2): 195-202. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

WANG Wei, CAI Yi-Xia, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHU Qing-Sen. Effects of soil water deficit on physiological causes of rice grain-filling. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(2): 195-202. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00195

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I2/195

图/表 6

表1 结实期土壤水分对两个水稻品种籽粒灌浆和产量的影响

Table 1 Effects of soil water deficit on the grain filling and yield of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	活跃灌浆期 Active grain-filling periods (d)	籽粒灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)	结实率 Grain-filling percentage (%)		产量 Yield (g·m^-2)
‘汕优63’ ‘Shanyou 63’	WW	22.4	0.849	84.5^a	26.43^a	851.9^a
‘汕优63’ ‘Shanyou 63’	WD	19.6	0.921	79.8^b	25.07^b	771.3^b
‘Pc/早’ ‘Pc/zao’	WW	25.4	0.699	77.3^a	24.57^a	945.6^a
‘Pc/早’ ‘Pc/zao’	WD	21.5	0.794	72.6^b	23.64^b	859.8^b

图1 结实期土壤水分亏缺对两个水稻品种籽粒淀粉积累速率(A, B)和淀粉积累量(C, D)的影响。图中竖线表示标准误(n = 3)。WW, 浅水层灌溉; WD, 水分亏缺。

Fig. 1 Effects of soil water deficit on the starch accumulation rate (A, B) and starch accumulation (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period. Vertical bars represent standard errors of three replications (n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

图2 结实期土壤水分亏缺对两个水稻品种籽粒蔗糖(A, B)和还原性糖(C, D)含量的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。WW, 浅水层灌溉; WD, 水分亏缺。

Fig. 2 Effects of soil water deficit on the concentration of sucrose (A, B) and reduced sugar (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

图3 结实期土壤水分亏缺对两个水稻品种籽粒蔗糖合成酶(A, B)和酸性蔗糖转化酶(C, D)活性的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。WW, 浅水层灌溉; WD, 水分亏缺。

Fig. 3 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of sucrose synthase (A, B) and acid sucrose invertase (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

图4 结实期土壤水分亏缺对两个水稻品种籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化酶(A, B)、颗粒淀粉合成酶(C, D)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(E, F)和淀粉分支酶(G, H)活性的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。WW, 浅水层灌溉; WD, 水分亏缺。

Fig. 4 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (A, B), soluble starch synthase (C, D), granule-bound starch synthase (E, F) and starch branching enzyme (G, H) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

图5 结实期土壤水分亏缺对两个水稻品种籽粒异淀粉酶(A, B)、普鲁兰酶(C, D)活性的影响(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。WW, 浅水层灌溉; WD, 水分亏缺。

Fig. 5 Effects of soil water deficit on the activities of isoamylase (A, B), pullulanase (C, D) in grains of two rice cultivars during grain-filling period (mean ± SE, n = 3). WW, well-watered; WD, water deficit.

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