宽窄行栽植下三倍体毛白杨根系生物量分布及其对土壤养分因子的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00099

植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 961-971.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00099

宽窄行栽植下三倍体毛白杨根系生物量分布及其对土壤养分因子的响应

邸楠^1,^*,席本野^1,^*,Jeremiah R.PINTO²,王烨¹,李广德³,贾黎明^1,^**()

¹北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
²US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
³中央广播电视大学农林医药学院, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2013-03-19 接受日期:2013-07-16 出版日期:2013-03-19 发布日期:2013-09-29
通讯作者: 邸楠,席本野,贾黎明
基金资助:
国家林业公益性行业科研专项经费重大项目(201004004);北京林业大学“985”优势学科创新平台“优质高效森林培育与经营研究方向”开放基金(000-1108003);大学生科研训练计划(SRTP)项目(S111002249);盛世绿源大学生创新活动项目

Root biomass distribution of triploid Populus tomentosa under wide- and narrow-row spacing planting schemes and its responses to soil nutrients

DI Nan^1,^*,XI Ben-Ye^1,^*,Jeremiah R. PINTO²,WANG Ye¹,LI Guang-De³,JIA Li-Ming^1,^**()

¹Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
³Faculty of Agroforestry & Medicine, The Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2013-03-19 Accepted:2013-07-16 Online:2013-03-19 Published:2013-09-29
Contact: DI Nan,XI Ben-Ye,JIA Li-Ming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三倍体毛白杨(triploid Populus tomentosa)是我国华北地区主要纸浆林品种, 在该地区多采用宽窄行模式栽植。为基于根系结构特征制定该模式下毛白杨人工林高效水肥管理策略和明确影响其根系空间分布的主要因子, 在5年生林分中于8株样树周围挖取2106个土柱, 研究该栽植模式下毛白杨根系生物量的空间分布特征, 并分析了细根垂直分布对土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮等的响应。结果表明, 一维垂向上, 宽行内细根根重密度(FRBD)在0-30 cm土层中随深度增加而递减, 但在30 cm以下土层呈均匀分布(p = 0.079); 窄行内FRBD呈“双峰”分布, 即在0-20 cm (22%)和70-110 cm (31%)土层均有较多细根分布; 10-150 cm各土层中, 窄行FRBD较宽行高17%-148%。宽、窄行内, 随深度增加, 粗根根重密度(CRBD)均呈先增后减变化, 而细根粗根比(F/C)无显著变化(p > 0.05), 窄行平均F/C较宽行高60%。一维径向上, 宽、窄行内FRBD均呈近均匀分布, 而CRBD和F/C均随距离增加分别显著递减和增大。二维尺度上, FRBD在窄行内分布相对均匀, 但在宽行内主要集中在表土层且随距离增加细根浅层化程度增强; CRBD在树干两侧呈“不对称”分布; 垂向0-20 cm、径向160-300 cm范围是宽行内平均FRBD和F/C较高区域, 分别为宽行相应指标总平均的2.8和1.1倍。FRBD在0-30 cm土层中随土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮含量的增加而逐渐增大, 但在30 cm以下土层中无明显变化趋势。研究结果表明, 宽、窄行间毛白杨根系分布的差异性主要体现在细根一维垂直分布和细根、粗根二维分布上。土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮是0-30 cm土层中毛白杨细根垂直分布的重要影响因子, 但对下层土壤中根系分布无影响。对宽窄行栽植的毛白杨林分灌溉时, 灌溉水应供给到窄行区域; 施肥时, 缓释肥和速效肥应分别浅施在宽行中央附近和窄行内。

关键词: 根系生物量, 土壤养分, 三倍体毛白杨, 宽窄行栽植模式

Abstract:

Aims Triploid Populus tomentosa, a main clone for pulpwood forestry in the North China Plain, is usually planted using a wide- and narrow-row spacing planting schemes (WNRPS). Our objectives were to make water and fertilizer management recommendations for P. tomentosa under a WNRPS based on root form characteristics, and determine the relationship between the vertical distribution of P. tomentosa fine roots (FR) and soil nutrient factors.
Methods We obtained 2106 soil samples by soil coring down to 150 cm depth around eight sample trees in a five-year-old P. tomentosa plantation located in Gaotang County, Shandong Province, China. The samples were used to measure root distribution, organic matter (OM), available P and alkaline N content.
Important findings FR biomass density (FRBD) in the wide row zone (WRZ) decreased with increasing depth in the 0-30 cm soil, but was distributed evenly below 30 cm depth (p = 0.079). The vertical FRBD profile in the narrow row zone (NRZ) showed a bimodal pattern. In different layers at 10-150 cm depth, FRBD in the NRZ was 17%-148% higher than in the WRZ. With increasing depth in both WRZ and NRZ, coarse root biomass density (CRBD) increased and then decreased. However, the FRBD to CRBD ratio (F/C) varied slightly with depth (p > 0.05), and the mean F/C in the NRZ was 60% higher than that in the WRZ. Horizontally, in both WRZ and NRZ, the FRBD distribution was almost even, while the CRBD and F/C decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing distance from the trunk. On a two dimensional scale, the FRBD distribution within the NRZ was relatively even, but FR were mainly concentrated in surface soil within the WRZ. CRBD was distributed asymmetrically around the trunk. The ranges of 0-20 cm depth and 160-300 cm distance from the tree were the areas with high mean FRBD and F/C in the WRZ, which were 1.8 and 0.1 times larger than the mean values of corresponding variables in the WRZ, respectively. FRBD scaled positively with OM, available P and alkaline N content at 0-30 cm depth, but showed no obvious trend with respect to soil characteristics below 30 cm depth. In conclusion, the differences in P. tomentosa root distribution between WRZ and NRZ were reflected in the one-dimensional vertical FR distribution and two-dimensional FR and coarse roots distribution. OM, available P and alkaline N were key controls on the vertical FR distribution at 0-30 cm depth, but had no effects on FR distribution below 30 cm depth. For P. tomentosa plantations under WNRPS, water should be provided mainly to the NRZ, and slow- and fast-release fertilizer should be supplied to the shallow soil in the area near the wide row center and in the NRZ, respectively.

Key words: root biomass, soil nutrient, triploid Populus tomentosa, wide- and narrow-row spacing planting scheme

邸楠,席本野,Jeremiah R.PINTO,王烨,李广德,贾黎明. 宽窄行栽植下三倍体毛白杨根系生物量分布及其对土壤养分因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(10): 961-971. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00099

DI Nan,XI Ben-Ye,Jeremiah R. PINTO,WANG Ye,LI Guang-De,JIA Li-Ming. Root biomass distribution of triploid Populus tomentosa under wide- and narrow-row spacing planting schemes and its responses to soil nutrients. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(10): 961-971. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00099

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I10/961

图/表 8

表1 试验地土壤物理性质

Table 1 Soil physical properties of the experimental site

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	质地¹⁾ Texture¹⁾	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturated water content (cm³·cm^-3)
0-30	16.04	83.53	0.43	粉土 Silt	1.627	0.383
30-70	4.48	94.82	0.70	粉土 Silt	1.633	0.396
70-90	10.14	89.61	0.25	粉土 Silt	1.521	0.419
90-120	6.38	93.48	0.15	粉土 Silt	1.465	0.454
>120	43.94	56.06	0.01	粉壤 Silt loam	1.499	0.437

表2 试验地土壤化学性质(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Soil chemical properties of the experimental site (mean ± SE)

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	土壤速效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	土壤碱解氮 Soil alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	12.7 ± 2.0^a	14.8 ± 4.8^a	75.9 ± 2.5^a
10-20	8.8 ± 1.0^b	13.0 ± 4.2^ab	67.6 ± 14.9^ab
20-30	7.3 ± 1.5^bc	9.8 ± 7.6^abc	47.3 ± 3.0^bc
30-40	5.5 ± 1.4^bcdef	3.2 ± 0.5^bcde	42.7 ± 4.4^cd
40-50	4.4 ± 1.2^cdefg	3.7 ± 0.9^abcde	35.6 ± 5.7^cd
50-60	6.8 ± 0.8^bcd	2.0 ± 0.5^cde	38.2 ± 4.9^cd
60-70	6.8 ± 0.9^bcd	2.5 ± 0.1^cde	45.7 ± 7.1^cd
70-80	6.5 ± 0.6^bcde	1.5 ± 0.4^e	37.8 ± 3.4^cd
80-90	5.8 ± 1.1^bcdef	3.0 ± 1.1^cde	32.5 ± 2.9^de
90-100	3.0 ± 0.5^fg	1.9 ± 0.9^de	23.9 ± 0.6^ef
100-110	3.7 ± 0.6^defg	6.1 ± 2.2^abcd	21.9 ± 3.1^f
110-120	3.3 ± 0.6^efg	1.8 ± 0.8^e	22.4 ± 0.8^f
120-130	3.5 ± 0.6^defg	3.2 ± 1.0^bcde	23.5 ± 1.5^f
130-140	1.6 ± 0.4^g	3.0 ± 0.3^bcde	20.9 ± 3.6^f
140-150	1.5 ± 0.5^g	3.5 ± 0.5^abcde	12.8 ± 0.6^g

图1 细根根重密度(FRBD) (A)和粗根根重密度(CRBD) (B)的垂直分布(平均值±标准误差)。图中同一区域(宽行或窄行)内不同深度上的不同字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05), 根据Duncan检验。

Fig. 1 Vertical distribution of fine root biomass density (FRBD) (A) and coarse root biomass density (CRBD) (B) (mean ± SE). Different letters in different soil depths in the same area (wide or narrow row zone) indicate significant difference (p = 0.05), according to the Duncan test.

图2 细根根重密度(FRBD) (A)和粗根根重密度(CRBD) (B)的水平分布(平均值±标准误差)。同一图中的不同字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05), 根据Duncan检验。图中虚线为宽窄行分界, 即树体位置。

Fig. 2 Lateral distribution of fine root biomass density (FRBD) (A) and coarse root biomass density (CRBD) (B) (mean ± SE). Different letters in the same figure indicate significant difference (p = 0.05), according to the Duncan test. Dotted lines indicate the boundary of wide and narrow row, i.e. the tree position.

图3 细根根重密度(FRBD; 蓝、白色阴影区域)和粗根根重密度(CRBD; 红色等值线, 单位mg·cm-3)的二维分布。图中虚线为宽窄行分界, 即树体位置。

Fig. 3 Two dimensional distribution of fine root biomass density (FRBD; shaded blue to white areas) and coarse root biomass density (CRBD; red isoline, unit mg·cm-3). Dotted lines indicate the boundary of wide- and narrow-row, i.e. the tree position.

图4 细根/粗根(F/C)的垂直(A)和水平(B)变化(平均值±标准误差)。图中虚线为宽窄行分界, 即树体位置。同一图中的不同字母表示差异显著(p = 0.05), 根据Duncan检验。

Fig. 4 Vertical (A) and lateral (B) variations of fine root to coarse root ratio (F/C) (mean ± SE). Dotted line indicate the boundary of wide and narrow row, i.e. the tree position. Different letters in the same figure indicate significant difference (p = 0.05), according to the Duncan test.

图5 细根/粗根(F/C)二维变化。图中虚线为宽窄行分界, 即树体位置。

Fig. 5 Two dimensional variation of fine root to coarse root ratio (F/C). Dotted line indicate the boundary of wide and narrow row, i.e. the tree position.

图6 细根根重密度(FRBD)与土壤有机质(A)、速效磷(B)和碱解氮(C)的相关关系。0-120 cm土层中的数据均为8棵样树的平均值, 120-130、130-140和140-150 cm土层中的数据分别为6、5和3棵样树的平均值。

Fig. 6 Correlation between fine root biomass density (FRBD) and soil organic matter (A), available P (B) and alkaline N (C). Data of 0-120 cm soil layers are means of eight trees, data of 120-130, 130-140 and 140-150 cm soil layers are means of six, five and three trees, respectively.

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宽窄行栽植下三倍体毛白杨根系生物量分布及其对土壤养分因子的响应

Root biomass distribution of triploid Populus tomentosa under wide- and narrow-row spacing planting schemes and its responses to soil nutrients

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