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北京土石山区风化基岩水分对植物水分利用的影响

周永泉, 牛云明, 余新晓, 王玉石, 吕申, 贾国栋   

  1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05 修回日期:2025-09-22

Effects of Weathered Bedrock Moisture on Plant Water Utilization in Beijing’s Rocky Mountainous Area

  1. , 100083,
  • Received:2025-06-05 Revised:2025-09-22

摘要: 【目的】通过探究不同土壤水分下植物对风化基岩水分的响应,为完善植物水分利用机制提供理论依据,对理解植物抗旱机制和生态水文过程具有重要意义。【方法】以栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)、圆柏(Juniperus chinensis)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)为研究对象,通过盆栽控制实验设置10%和20%两种土壤含水率,并控制土壤层及风化基岩层含水率、稳定同位素值及土壤层与风化基岩层间的水分交换,应用水分传感器监测土壤及风化基岩含水率动态变化、利用TDP 热扩散探针测定树干液流密度和采集植物木质部、土壤、风化基岩样品,测定其氢氧稳定同位素值(δ2H和δ¹⁸O),并结合MixSIAR模型定量计算植物对各潜在水源的利用比例。【主要结果】结果表明:1)随干旱时间的持续,10%和20%土壤含水率下风化基岩层水分均呈下降的趋势,变化范围分别为2.99%-4.44%和0.93%-3.10%。2)两种土壤含水率下树种液流密度均呈“先降后升”的变化趋势,且20%土壤含水率的液流密度整体显著高于10%。仅在10%土壤含水率下,各树种日平均液流密度与风化基岩水分呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。3)风化基岩水分对三种树种的贡献率均随干旱持续而显著增加。10%土壤含水率下的贡献率(33.8%~52.5%)整体显著高于20%土壤含水率(27.8%~45.1%)。本研究结果表明植物能主动利用风化基岩水分以应对干旱的生态适应策略,对干旱区植被恢复与水资源管理具有重要的理论与实践价值。

关键词: 风化基岩水分, 稳定水同位素, 水分来源, 树木液流

Abstract: Aims By investigating plant responses to weathered bedrock moisture under varying soil water conditions, this study provides theoretical foundations for refining plant water-use mechanisms, with significant implications for understanding drought resistance strategies and ecohydrological processes. Methods This study selected Koelreuteria paniculata, Juniperus chinensis, and Pinus tabulaeformis as model species for a pot-based controlled experiment with two soil moisture treatments (10% and 20% volumetric water content). The experimental design involved precise regulation of moisture levels and stable isotopic compositions in both soil and weathered bedrock layers, along with controlled water exchange at their interface. Soil moisture sensors were deployed to monitor hydrological dynamics in these layers, while thermal dissipation probes (TDP) measured trunk sap flow density. Strategic sampling of plant xylem, soil, and weathered bedrock was conducted for hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis (δ²H and δ¹⁸O). The isotopic signatures were subsequently quantified using the MixSIAR model to determine plant water-source partitioning among potential reservoirs. Important findings (1) With progressive drought duration, weathered bedrock moisture exhibited a declining trend under both 10% and 20% soil moisture treatments, with variation ranges of 2.99–4.44% and 0.93–3.10%. (2) Sap flow density of all species showed a consistent "initial decline followed by recovery" pattern under both treatments, with significantly higher values under 20% soil moisture. Notably, a significant positive correlation between daily mean sap flow density and bedrock moisture was observed only under 10% soil moisture (p < 0.05). (3) The contribution rate of bedrock water to three species increased significantly with drought progression. The contribution range under 10% soil moisture (33.8–52.5%) was significantly higher than under 20% soil moisture (27.8–45.1%). These findings collectively demonstrate plants' active ecological adaptation strategy of exploiting bedrock moisture to mitigate drought impacts, providing both theoretical and practical insights for vegetation restoration and water resource management in arid regions.

Key words: Weathered bedrock moisture, Stable water isotopes, Water source, Tree sap flow