不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物水分来源的判定是干旱半干旱区土壤-植物水分关系研究的重要方面, 有助于理解沙地植物对干旱环境的适应机制。该文研究了不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地典型灌木小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和盐蒿(Artemisia halodendron)的水分利用过程。试验采用增减雨装置模拟自然降水方法, 设置增雨(+50%)、对照和减雨(-50%) 3个处理, 利用稳定性同位素技术测量了两种植物木质部水、降水、0-120 cm不同土层土壤水的稳定氢同位素比率(δD)和稳定氧同位素比率(δ¹⁸O)值, 最后利用IsoSource模型计算了两种灌木对潜在水源的利用比例。结果表明: 1)增减雨处理主要影响表层(0-30 cm)土壤水分, 增雨处理显著提高了两种灌木地上和地下生物量, 且δ¹⁸O值随土壤深度增加而降低; 而减雨处理δ¹⁸O值随土壤深度增加而降低的趋势更加明显; 2)在增雨处理下, 盐蒿增加了对浅层0-40 cm土壤水的利用比例, 而小叶锦鸡儿对各土层水分的利用程度较为平均; 在减雨处理下, 由于表层土壤含水量较低, 两种植物均提高了对深层土壤水的利用比例, 其中盐蒿主要用水层次为60-80 cm, 而小叶锦鸡儿为60-120 cm; 3)就不同降水季节而言, 湿季(5-6月)由于降水迅速补给浅层土壤水分, 两种植物主要利用0-60 cm的土壤水; 旱季(9月)由于降水偏少, 小叶锦鸡儿对浅层水分利用急剧减少, 转而利用更深层次的土壤水分; 而盐蒿对各层次水分利用程度较为均匀。由此可见, 同小叶锦鸡儿相比, 盐蒿具有更强的抗旱能力及适应性。

关键词: 小叶锦鸡儿, 盐蒿, 水分来源, 模拟降水

Abstract: Aims The determination of the source of plant water is an important research on the plant-water relationship in arid and semiarid regions and helps to understand the adaptation strategy of desert species to the dry environment. Plant water use pattern affects plant community composition and ecosystem water budget. This study aims to investigate the water use patterns of Caragana microphylla and Artemisia halodendron, two typical shrub species, under altered rainfall conditions in Horqin Sandy Land. Methods Water treatments include ambient rainfall (natural rainfall), 50% increase in rainfall (enhanced rainfall) and 50% decrease in rainfall (reduced rainfall) by artificially intercepting and redistributing natural rainfall. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δD and δ¹⁸O) were measured for xylem water, rainfall, and soil water in different soil layers (0-120 cm depth). The possible ranges of potential water sources used by C. microphylla and A. halodendron were calculated using the IsoSource model. Important findings 1) Alteration of ambient rainfall mainly affected the soil water condition in the shallow soil (0-30 cm). Increase in rainfall significantly increased the above- and below-ground biomass, and δ¹⁸O values of soil water declined with soil depth. 2) Under the enhanced rainfall treatment, A. halodendron mainly used the soil water in the shallow soil (0-40 cm) and C. microphylla was able to extract water from multiple soil layers. Under the reduced rainfall treatment, both species increasingly relied on extracting water from deeper soil layers, 60-80 cm for A. halodendron and 60-120 cm for C. microphylla. 3) For the natural rainfall treatment, in the wet season, the upper soil water was recharged by rainfall, C. microphylla and A. halodendron extract the shallow soil water (0-60 cm). However, in the dry season, soil water content was dramatically reduced, and main water sources for C. microphylla shifted from topsoil to deeper soil, and A. halodendron can use multiple layers of soil water. In summary, A. halodendron is more capable of exploring deeper soil moisture under reduced rainfall in comparison with C. microphylla, and is likely to be more adaptive to this water-limiting desert environment.

Key words: Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodendron, water sources, simulated rainfall

陈定帅, 董正武, 高磊, 陈效民, 彭新华, 司炳成, 赵英. 不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(12): 1262-1272. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219

CHEN Ding-Shuai, DONG Zheng-Wu, GAO Lei, CHEN Xiao-Min, PENG Xin-Hua, SI Bing-Cheng, ZHAO Ying. Water-use process of two desert shrubs along a precipitation gradient in Horqin Sandy Land. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(12): 1262-1272. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I12/1262

图/表 7

图1 研究区降水和气温(2015) (A)及降水、土壤水和植物木质部水稳定氢、氧同位素比率(δD、δ18O) (B)。

Fig. 1 The precipitation and air temperature (2015) (A), and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δD and δ18O) of precipitation, soil water and plant water (B) in the study area.

图2 不同降水处理下小叶锦鸡儿(A、B、C)和盐蒿(D、E、F)的土壤含水量(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。

Fig. 2 Soli water content under Caragana microphylla (A, B, C) or Artemisia halodendron (D, E, F) as affected by enhanced or reduced rainfall (mean ± SE, n = 4).

图3 不同降水处理下小叶锦鸡儿(A)和盐蒿(B)的地上和地下生物量(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 The aboveground and underground biomass of Caragana microphylla (A) and Artemisia halodendron (B) as affected by enhanced or reduced precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 小叶锦鸡儿(A、B)和盐蒿(C、D)吸收根与输导根的垂直分布特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。

Fig. 4 The distribution of absorptive-conductive root biomass for Caragana microphylla (A, B) and Artemisia halodendron (C, D) as affected by enhanced or reduced precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 4).

图5 不同降水处理下土壤水氧稳定同位素(δ18O)值(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。A、B、C为不同月份小叶锦鸡儿土壤水δ18O值, D、E为不同月份盐蒿土壤水δ18O值。

Fig. 5 Oxygen stable isotope ratio (δ18O) of soil water as affected by enhanced or reduced precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 4). A, B and C show the δ18O values of Caragana microphylla in different months, D and E show the δ18O values of Artemisia halodendron in different months.

图6 不同降水处理下小叶锦鸡儿(A)和盐蒿(B)木质部水氧稳定同位素(δ18O)值(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。

Fig. 6 The xylem water δ18O values of Caragana microphylla (A) and Artemisia halodendron (B) as affected by enhanced or reduced precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 4).

表1 不同降水处理下两种灌木对各潜在水源的利用比例(%) (平均值(最小值-最大值))

Table 1 Contributions of soil water at different depths to two desert shrubs as affected by enhanced or reduced precipitation (%) (mean (minimum - maximum))

种 Species	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	5月17日 17 May			6月23日 23 June			9月2日 2 September
种 Species	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	增雨 Enhanced rainfall	对照 Natural rainfall	减雨 Reduced rainfall	增雨 Enhanced rainfall	对照 Natural rainfall	减雨 Reduced rainfall	增雨 Enhanced rainfall	对照 Natural rainfall	减雨 Decreased rainfall
小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla	0-20	12.5 (0-29)	15.8 (0-48)	32.9 (0-50)	10.1 (0-30)	21.8 (0-88)	8.1 (0-38)	1.5 (0-8)	2.6 (0-14)	2.3 (0-10)
	20-40	12.5 (0-29)	14.6 (0-43)	20.3 (0-100)	15.1 (0-52)	21.2 (0-57)	8.9 (0-42)	2.6 (0-14)	4.5 (0-23)	3.5 (0-15)
	40-60	19.4 (0-82)	19.8 (0-82)	14.4 (0-71)	17.4 (0-65)	22.1 (0-84)	12.6 (0-59)	4.2 (0-20)	7.8 (0-38)	24.1 (0-95)
	60-80	18.5 (0-72)	17.6 (0-68)	11.8 (0-58)	20.1 (0-83)	12.8 (0-58)	15.1 (0-72)	11.7 (0-54)	17.6 (0-84)	22.5 (0-98)
	80-100	18.3 (0-71)	15.8 (0-57)	10.7 (0-54)	18.6 (0-69)	12.8 (0-58)	26.0 (0-80)	12.8 (0-59)	17.8 (0-85)	28 (0-89)
	100-120	18.8 (0-76)	16.4 (0-61)	9.8 (0-49)	18.7 (0-69)	9.3 (0-42)	29.3 (0-61)	67.2 (41-91)	49.6 (15-85)	19.7 (0-92)
盐蒿 Artemisia halodendron	0-20	-	-	-	25.7 (0-44)	17.4 (0-40)	3.6 (0-11)	26.9 (7-49)	31.5 (18-42)	11.4 (0-20)
	20-40	-	-	-	31.3 (0-94)	31.4 (0-73)	6.7 (0-20)	31.4 (0-92)	27.6 (0-81)	31.2 (0-74)
	40-60	-	-	-	24.6 (0-74)	28.3 (0-61)	7.3 (0-21)	23.8 (0-70)	21.5 (0-63)	28.7 (0-20)
	60-80	-	-	-	18.4 (0-55)	22.9 (0-55)	82.4 (79-89)	17.9 (0-53)	19.4 (0-58)	28.7 (0-20)

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