川西亚高山两种树木不同径级根系腐殖化过程中胡敏酸和富里酸的累积特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系腐殖化过程中腐殖质的累积是土壤有机质形成和碳吸存的一个重要途径。该文采用凋落物袋法, 研究了川西亚高山粗枝云杉(Picea asperata)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)两种优势林木3个径级根系(0-2、2-5和5-10 mm)在冬季和生长季胡敏酸和富里酸累积特征。结果表明: 经过两年的腐殖化, 粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉根系胡敏酸和富里酸含量受径级显著影响, 并随径级增大而降低。不同径级间富里酸净累积量差异显著, 而胡敏酸净累积量差异不显著; 两个树种间胡敏酸和富里酸含量和净累积量差异不显著。胡敏酸在冬季降解而在生长季节累积, 其中粗枝云杉0-2、2-5和5-10 mm根系净累积量分别为8.0、10.8和7.6 g·kg^-1, 岷江冷杉分别为15.2、8.0和7.8 g·kg^-1。富里酸总体表现为降解, 其中粗枝云杉0-2、2-5和5-10 mm根系降解量为178.0、166.0和118.0 g·kg^-1, 岷江冷杉分别为170.0、160.0和128.0 g·kg^-1。根系径级对亚高山森林植物根系腐殖质累积有显著影响, 而径级影响与分解时期有一定关联。

关键词: 胡敏酸, 富里酸, 径级, 根系腐殖化

Abstract: Aims Plant roots store large amount of terrestrial carbon, but little is known about humus formation processes during the decomposing root litter. Compared with coarse roots, fine roots have greater nutrients, which may be favorable to humus formation. The objective of the study was to examine how root diameters affect their humus formation processes. Methods In this study, in order to examine the accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid of three root diameter classes (0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) of two subalpine tree species (Abies faxoniana and Picea asperata) on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China, a two-year field experiment was conducted using a litter-bag method. Air-dried roots of A. faxoniana and P. asperata were placed in litterbags and incubated at 10 cm of soil depth in October 11th, 2013. Duplicate litter bags were collected in May (late winter) and October (late in the growing season) of 2014 and 2015, respectively. Concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were measured, and net accumulations were calculated for different periods. Important findings The concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were significantly influenced by root diameter that humic acid and fulvic acid decreased with increase in root diameter. Root diameter had significant effects on the net accumulation of humic acid, but not for the accumulation of fulvic acid. However, there were no significant differences in both humic acid and fulvic acid between A. faxoniana and P. asperata roots. Regardless of tree species, humic acid degraded during the winter but accumulated during the growing season. After two years of decomposition, the net accumulations of humic acid in 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm roots were 8.0, 10.8 and 7.6 g·kg^-1 for P. asperata and 15.2, 8.0 and 7.8 g·kg^-1 for A. faxoniana, respectively. Conversely, the degradation of fulvic acid in 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm roots were 178.0, 166.0 and 118.0 g·kg^-1 for P. asperata and 170.0, 160.0 and 128.0 g·kg^-1 for A. faxoniana, respectively. Our results suggest that diameter-associated variations in substrate quality could be an important driver for root litter humification in this subalpine forest. Moreover, diameter effect is dependent on decomposition period in this specific area.

Key words: humic acid, fulvic acid, diameter size, root humification

刘群, 庄丽燕, 杨万勤, 倪祥银, 李婷婷, 徐振锋. 川西亚高山两种树木不同径级根系腐殖化过程中胡敏酸和富里酸的累积特征. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(12): 1251-1261. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0169

LIU Qun, ZHUANG Li-Yan, YANG Wan-Qin, NI Xiang-Yin, LI Ting-Ting, XU Zhen-Feng. Accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid during root humification of three diameters of two dominant subalpine trees in western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(12): 1251-1261. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0169

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0169

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I12/1251

图/表 7

图1 试验期10 cm土壤日平均温度动态。

Fig. 1 Daily soil temperature in 10 cm soil depth during the experimental period.

表1 粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉不同径级根系的初始品质特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 1 Initial chemical quality in three root diameter classes of Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana (mean ± SE, n = 3)

物种 Species	径级 Diameter (mm)	碳 Carbon (C) (g·kg^-1)	氮 Nitrogen (N) (g·kg^-1)	磷 Phosphorus (P) (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N	碳磷比 C/P	木质素 Lignin (%)	纤维素 Cellulose (%)	木质素/N Lignin/N	木质素/P Lignin/P	木质素/纤维素 Lignin/Cellulose
粗枝云杉 Picea asperata	0-2	496.4 ± 7.1	5.6 ± 0.4	0.34 ± 0.01	89 ± 4	1 450 ± 33	16 ± 0.6	28.9 ± 6.9	20.8 ± 3.3	51.7 ± 3.5	843 ± 40
	2-5	496.6 ± 6.5	4.2 ± 0.2	0.33 ± 0.04	118 ± 5	1 538 ± 139	13 ± 1.3	26.1 ± 3.4	23.0 ± 1.6	62.0 ± 2.3	808 ± 76
	5-10	512.1 ± 7.8	2.6 ± 0.2	0.26 ± 0.04	195 ± 18	2 022 ± 291	10 ± 1.7	25.9 ± 6.6	32.3 ± 9.6	98.7 ± 6.3	1 022 ± 128
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana	0-2	498.8 ± 20.0	5.0 ± 0.4	0.32 ± 0.01	99 ± 5	1 559 ± 74	16 ± 1.5	38.8 ± 6.1	16.2 ± 5.7	77.2 ± 4.9	1 214 ± 3 8
	2-5	533.9 ± 7.3	3.8 ± 0.6	0.30 ± 0.01	144 ± 19	1 760 ± 44	12 ± 1.9	34.7 ± 10.8	18.9 ± 5.7	93.6 ± 12.9	1 142 ± 19
	5-10	540.9 ± 13.3	2.4 ± 0.3	0.23 ± 0.04	231 ± 21	2 397 ± 360	10 ± 0.8	33.0 ± 6.6	32.8 ± 9.7	141.1 ± 14.6	1 465 ± 230
物种 Species (S)		***	***	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	*
径级 Diameter (D)		**	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	**	**
S × D		*	NS	NS	NS	***	*	***	NS	NS	NS

表2 不同分解时期、物种、径级对胡敏酸含量和净累积量、富里酸含量和净累积量以及胡敏酸/富里酸影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 2 Results of repeated measures ANOVA testing for the effects for date, tree species and root diameter on concentrations and net accumulations of humic acid and fulvic acid as well as on humic acid to fulvic acid ratio

因子 Factor	胡敏酸含量的F值 F value for humic acid concentration	胡敏酸净累积量的F值 F value for net accumulations of humic acid	富里酸含量的F值 F value for fulvic acid concentration	富里酸净累积量的F值 F value for net accumulations of fulvic acid	胡敏酸/富里酸的F值 F value for humic acid to fulvic acid ratio
时期 Date (T)	97.950^***	46.690^***	366.440^***	82.531^***	146.677^***
树种 Species (S)	0.067	0.356	0.154	0.001	1.123
径级 Diameter (D)	63.535^***	1.079	37.853^***	19.003^***	1.146
时期×物种 T × S	1.270	0.899	4.519^**	4.622^**	2.266
时期×径级 T × D	5.054^**	2.704^*	4.704^**	1.578	0.322
物种×径级 S × D	3.751	1.871	4.609^*	0.710	1.145
时期×物种×径级 T × S × D	1.642	1.272	2.141	2.348	0.532

图2 粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉不同径级根系在不同采样日期的胡敏酸和富里酸含量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 2 Concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid in three root diameter classes of Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana on different sampling dates (mean ± SE, n = 3). *, p < 0.05.

图3 粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉不同径级根系不同分解时期的胡敏酸、富里酸净累积量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。W1, 第一年冬季; Gs1, 第一年生长季节; W2, 第二年冬季; Gs2, 第二年生长季节; 1st yr, 第一年; 2nd yr, 第二年; two yr, 两年。不同小写字母表示在同一树种不同径级之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Net accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid in three root diameter classes of Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana during the winter and growing season (mean ± SE, n = 3). W1, the first winter; Gs1, the first growing season; W2, the second winter; Gs2, the second growing season; 1st yr, the first year; 2nd yr, the second year; two yr, two years. Different lowercase letters show significant differences among root diameter classes for the same tree species (p < 0.05).

图4 粗枝云杉和岷江冷杉不同径级根系在不同分解时期的胡敏酸/富里酸(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。i, 初始值; W1, 第一年冬季; Gs1, 第一年生长季节; W2, 第二年冬季; Gs2, 第二年生长季节。不同小写字母表示在同一树种不同径级之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Humic acid and fulvic acid in three root diameter classes of Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana during winter and growing season (mean ± SE, n = 3). i, initial; W1, the first winter; Gs1, the first growing season; W2, the second winter; Gs2, the second growing season. Different lowercase letters show significant differences among root diameter classes for the same tree species (p < 0.05).

表3 分解两年后胡敏酸和富里酸净累积量与初始基质品质的相关关系

Table 3 Relationships between the net accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid and the initial root quality after 2-year decomposition

初始品质 Initial quality	胡敏酸净累积量 Net accumulation of humic acid	富里酸净累积量 Net accumulation of fulvic acid
碳 Carbon (C)	-0.276	0.402
氮 Nitrogen (N)	0.221	-0.805^**
磷 Phosphorus (P)	0.326	-0.664^**
木质素 Lignin	0.329	-0.223
纤维素 Cellulose	-0.302	0.760^**
碳氮比 C/N ratio	-0.275	0.795^**
碳磷比 C/P ratio	-0.172	0.632^**
木质素/氮 Lignin/N	-0.141	0.664^**
木质素/磷 Lignin/P	-0.068	0.344
木质素/纤维素 Lignin/Cellulose	0.381	-0.550^*

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