古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地——群落组成与结构

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.004

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 262-273.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.004

古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地——群落组成与结构

祝燕¹, 赵谷风², 张俪文¹, 沈国春², 米湘成¹, 任海保¹, 于明坚², 陈建华³, 陈声文⁴, 方腾⁴, 马克平¹^,^*()

1 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京 100093
2 浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州 310058
3 浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院,浙江金华 321004
4 古田山国家级自然保护区管理局,浙江开化 324300

收稿日期:2007-12-18 接受日期:2008-01-21 出版日期:2008-12-18 发布日期:2008-03-30
通讯作者: 马克平
作者简介:* E-mail: kpma@ibcas.ac.cn
第一联系人：
感谢中国科学院生物多样性委员会对古田山大样地工作的大力支持;感谢加拿大 Alberta大学何芳良教授、台湾东海大学孙义方教授在样地选址、野外调查和数据分析等方面给予的支持和帮助
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-430)

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF GUTIANSHAN FOREST DYNAMIC PLOT IN A MID-SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST, EAST CHINA

ZHU Yan¹, ZHAO Gu-Feng², ZHANG Li-Wen¹, SHEN Guo-Chun², MI Xiang-Cheng¹, REN Hai-Bao¹, YU Ming-Jian², CHEN Jian-Hua³, CHEN Sheng-Wen⁴, FANG Teng⁴, MA Ke-Ping¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
³ College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
⁴Gutianshan National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau, Kaihua County, Zhejiang 324300, China

Received:2007-12-18 Accepted:2008-01-21 Online:2008-12-18 Published:2008-03-30
Contact: MA Ke-Ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚热带常绿阔叶林是世界上主要植被类型之一,集中分布于我国,其中以中亚热带的常绿阔叶林最为典型。为了更好地研究常绿阔叶林森林生物多样性维持机理,按照CTFS(Centre for Tropical Forest Science)样地建设的标准,于2004年11月~2005年9月在浙江开化古田山国家级自然保护区建立了常绿阔叶林24 hm²永久样地。该文对样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物进行了统计,初步分析了古田山森林样地(Gutianshan (GTS) forest plot)的群落组成与空间结构。群落的区系类型以热带成分比较多,在属的水平上53个是热带分布,44个是温带分布。共有159种,隶属于49科103属,总计140 700株,以常绿树种为主(91个物种,占总优势度的90.6%,重要值为85.6%,占样地总个体数的85.9%);样地群落有明显的优势物种和大量稀有种(Rare species,每hm²个体数小于1)。甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)在群落中占有主要优势;稀有种占总物种数的37.1%(59/159);具有温带落叶阔叶林和热带雨林的相关特征,较好地代表了中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落。垂直结构由林冠层(63个种)、亚乔木层(70个种)和灌木层(26个种)组成。样地所有木本植物物种总径级分布呈倒“J"形,群落更新良好。几个优势种空间分布随着径级增大,聚集程度降低;并且它们的分布表现出与生境紧密关联,不同的物种表现出对生境不同的偏好。该文最后系统地比较了大样地方法与传统取样方法。

关键词: 常绿阔叶林, 古田山, 区系分析, 物种组成, 垂直结构, 径级结构, 空间分布

Abstract:

Aims Mainly distributed in China, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is one of important vegetation types in the world. Here we report preliminary results of floristic characteristics, community composition, vertical structure, size class structure, and spatial structure of Gutianshan(GTS) forest plot.
Methods We established a 24-hm² (600 m×400 m) forest permanent plot from November, 2004 to September, 2005 in mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Gutianshan Nature Reserve, China. Following the standard census procedure of the Centre for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), all free-standing trees ≥1 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) in the forest were mapped, tagged and identified to species. We employed software R 2.6.0 to analyze our data.
Important findings The results of floristic characteristics indicates that the tropical elements are more than temperate elements. At family level, the proportion of the pantropic type is the greatest (28.6%), the number of the tropic elements are more than temperate ones (24/13). At genus level,there are 53 tropic genera and 44 temperate ones. As for community composition, there are 159 species, 103 genera and 49 families, 140 700 individuals in total. The evergreen tree species in community are dominant (i.e. 91 species, total relative dominance is 90.6%, importance value is 85.6%, accounts for 85.9% of the total abundance). GTS forest plot is typical mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, which displays characteristics of both temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and tropical rain forest. On the one hand, community composition has obvious dominant species, which is similar to temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. There are 3 mostly dominant species, Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Pinus massoniana. Large numbers of rare species (59 rare species, equal to or less than one tree per hm²) in the community account for 37.1% species richness, which is similar to tropical rain forest. Vertical structure is composed of canopy layer (63 species), sub-tree layer (70 species), shrub layer (26 species).The structure of DBH size class of all species in the plot generally appears reverse 'J' shape, which indicates successful community regeneration. Spatial distribution of several dominant species, from small to adult tree or old tree, shifts from closer aggregation to looser aggregation, and shows different habitat preference. Finally, we compare the large plot approach with conventional sampling method.

Key words: floristic characteristics, community composition, size class structure, spatial pattern, Gutianshan forest plot, evergreen broad-leaved forest

祝燕, 赵谷风, 张俪文, 沈国春, 米湘成, 任海保, 于明坚, 陈建华, 陈声文, 方腾, 马克平. 古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地——群落组成与结构. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(2): 262-273. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.004

ZHU Yan, ZHAO Gu-Feng, ZHANG Li-Wen, SHEN Guo-Chun, MI Xiang-Cheng, REN Hai-Bao, YU Ming-Jian, CHEN Jian-Hua, CHEN Sheng-Wen, FANG Teng, MA Ke-Ping. COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF GUTIANSHAN FOREST DYNAMIC PLOT IN A MID-SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST, EAST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(2): 262-273. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.004

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图/表 9

参考文献 33

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	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genura
热带	1.世界广布Cosmopolitan	12	2
Tropical (2~7)	2.泛热带Pantropic	14	22
	3.东亚及热带美洲间断East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	6	5
	4.旧世界热带 Old world tropics	2	8
	5.热带亚洲及热带大洋洲Tropical Asia to Tropical Oceania	1	3
	6.热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1	2
	7.热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	0	13
温带	8.北温带 North temperate zone	10	14
Temperate (8~14)	9.东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3	18
	13.中亚 Central Asia	0	1
	14.东亚 East Asia	0	11
	15.中国特有 Endemic to China	0	3

	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genura
热带	1.世界广布Cosmopolitan	12	2
Tropical (2~7)	2.泛热带Pantropic	14	22
	3.东亚及热带美洲间断East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	6	5
	4.旧世界热带 Old world tropics	2	8
	5.热带亚洲及热带大洋洲Tropical Asia to Tropical Oceania	1	3
	6.热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1	2
	7.热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	0	13
温带	8.北温带 North temperate zone	10	14
Temperate (8~14)	9.东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3	18
	13.中亚 Central Asia	0	1
	14.东亚 East Asia	0	11
	15.中国特有 Endemic to China	0	3

物种名 Species name	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²·hm^-2)	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Important value	垂直结构 Vertical structure
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	12 406	12.52	0.344	0.153	林冠层 Canopy layer
木荷 Schima superba	8 514	6.89	0.193	0.094	林冠层 Canopy layer
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	2 061	4.23	0.098	0.043	林冠层 Canopy layer
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	1 620	0.88	0.024	0.018	林冠层 Canopy layer
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	2 718	0.79	0.019	0.021	林冠层 Canopy layer
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	1 384	0.76	0.02	0.016	林冠层 Canopy layer
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia	375	0.59	0.016	0.009	林冠层 Canopy layer
短柄木包 Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata	3 508	1.63	0.043	0.028	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
马银花 Rododendron ovatum	10 793	0.72	0.023	0.042	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	4 461	0.64	0.017	0.024	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	3 177	0.52	0.014	0.02	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	3 468	0.45	0.014	0.017	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus salicifolius	7 835	0.09	0.003	0.028	灌木层 Shrub layer
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuate	2 770	0.03	0.001	0.015	灌木层 Shrub layer
石斑木 Raphiolepis indica	1 995	0.02	0.001	0.012	灌木层 Shrub layer

物种名 Species name	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²·hm^-2)	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Important value	垂直结构 Vertical structure
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	12 406	12.52	0.344	0.153	林冠层 Canopy layer
木荷 Schima superba	8 514	6.89	0.193	0.094	林冠层 Canopy layer
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	2 061	4.23	0.098	0.043	林冠层 Canopy layer
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	1 620	0.88	0.024	0.018	林冠层 Canopy layer
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum oldhamii	2 718	0.79	0.019	0.021	林冠层 Canopy layer
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	1 384	0.76	0.02	0.016	林冠层 Canopy layer
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia	375	0.59	0.016	0.009	林冠层 Canopy layer
短柄木包 Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata	3 508	1.63	0.043	0.028	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
马银花 Rododendron ovatum	10 793	0.72	0.023	0.042	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
檵木 Loropetalum chinense	4 461	0.64	0.017	0.024	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
厚皮香 Ternstroemia gymnanthera	3 177	0.52	0.014	0.02	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	3 468	0.45	0.014	0.017	亚乔木层 Subtree layer
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus salicifolius	7 835	0.09	0.003	0.028	灌木层 Shrub layer
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuate	2 770	0.03	0.001	0.015	灌木层 Shrub layer
石斑木 Raphiolepis indica	1 995	0.02	0.001	0.012	灌木层 Shrub layer

古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地——群落组成与结构

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF GUTIANSHAN FOREST DYNAMIC PLOT IN A MID-SUBTROPICAL EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST, EAST CHINA

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