安徽万佛山自然保护区常见植物种子大小变异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00739

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用样方法收集了安徽万佛山自然保护区常见的206种植物的种子, 通过测量种子千粒重, 研究了种子大小(seed mass, SM)在不同分类水平及生活型间的变异规律。结果表明: 1) SM在植物种间变异较大, 从小到大分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G 7个数量级, SM平均为21.487 g; C级种子(0.1 g ≤ SM < 1.0 g)最多, 共计73种, 占35.4%; D级种子(1.0 g ≤ SM < 10.0g)次之, 共计56种, 占27.2%; 野菰(Aeginetia indica)种子最小, 仅为0.006 g; 木鳖子(Momordica cochinchinensis)种子最大, 重达1775.192 g。2) SM在科间(平均种子大小)存在极显著差异(p < 0.001), 且变异沿系统发育方向呈显著变小趋势(r = -0.079, p = 0.048)。其中, SM较大的5个科分别为葫芦科、柿树科、楝科、安息香科和金缕梅科; SM较小的5个科分别为列当科、兰科、秋海棠科、苦苣苔科和灯心草科。3)该研究中植物的生活型分为8种类型。其中, 多年生草本优势明显, 计83种, 占39.9%, SM变异包括A-E 5个数量级; 一年生草本次之, 计60种, 占28.8%, SM变异包括A-F 6个数量级; 灌木第三, 计34种, 占16.3%, SM变异包括B-F 5个数量级。SM在8种生活型间(平均种子大小)也存在极显著差异(p < 0.001); 从大到小分别为藤本、乔木、灌木、一年生草本、多年生草本、半灌木、一二年生草本、二或多年生草本; 从草本、半灌木、灌木、乔木到藤本, SM与生活型具有极显著的正相关性(r = 0.220, p < 0.001)。4)种类较多的菊科、禾本科、莎草科及蔷薇科, 各科内属间SM也存在极显著差异(p < 0.001)。本研究结果有助于加深对植物生活史对策中的种子大小对策的理解, 提高对森林植被的管理水平, 丰富保育生态学的种子恢复理论。

关键词: 生活型, 系统发育, 种子大小, 万佛山自然保护区

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to investigate seed mass variation within species, genera and families, as well as its relationships with life form and plant phylogeny.
Methods Seeds were collected at the Wanfoshan Natural Reservation Region from July to October 2011. Air-dried weight of 100 diaspores, including seeds and indehiscent and single-seeded fruit, was measured for each of three replicates. Seed mass variation and ecological significance were analyzed.
Important findings Seed mass varied greatly from 10^-3g to 10³g. The seed mass distribution of various species was normal, as checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. The mean weight of 1000 diaspores was 21.487 g. The seed mass of Momordica cochinchinensis (1775.192 g) and Aeginetia indica (0.006 g) were the heaviest and lightest, respectively. More than 60% of the species had a mean seed mass between 0.1 and 10.0 g. The seed mass of 105 species was < 1.0 g. There were significant differences of seed mass among 68 families and eight life forms, as determined by one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.001). Pearson’s relative analysis showed a negative relationship between seed mass and phylogeny (r = -0.079, p = 0.048) and a positive relationship between seed mass and life forms (r = 0.220, p < 0.001). A significant difference was also detected at the generic level (p < 0.001) in some families, including Compositae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Rosaceae.

Key words: life form, phylogeny, seed mass, Wanfoshan Natural Reservation Region

陈延松, 周守标, 欧祖兰, 徐忠东, 洪欣. 安徽万佛山自然保护区常见植物种子大小变异. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 739-746. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00739

CHEN Yan-Song, ZHOU Shou-Biao, OU Zu-Lan, XU Zhong-Dong, HONG Xin. Seed mass variation in common plant species in Wanfoshan Natural Reservation Region, Anhui, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 739-746. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00739

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00739

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I8/739

图/表 4

参考文献 36

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科 Family		千粒重 Weight of 1000 seeds (g)	科 Family		千粒重 Weight of 1000 seeds (g)
五味子科	Schisandraceae	18.245	葡萄科	Vitaceae	11.417
樟科	Lauraceae	59.804 ± 10.556	芸香科	Rutaceae	12.535
毛茛科	Ranunculaceae	1.854 ± 0.526	楝科	Meliaceae	115.765
防己科	Menispermaceae	22.792	槭树科	Aceraceae	24.279
三白草科	Saururaceae	0.072	省沽油科	Staphyleaceae	52.835 ± 1.228
罂粟科	Papaveraceae	1.126	漆树科	Anacardiaceae	37.246 ± 26.089
堇菜科	Violaceae	0.565 ± 0.038	五加科	Araliaceae	2.208 ± 1.166
景天科	Crassulaceae	0.184	伞形科	Umbelliferae	3.523 ± 1.089
虎耳草科	Saxifragaceae	0.127 ± 0.099	柿科	Ebenaceae	275.298
石竹科	Caryophyllaceae	0.319 ± 0.111	安息香科	Styracaceae	115.576 ± 9.712
粟米草科	Molluginaceae	0.078	山矾科	Symplocaceae	52.121
蓼科	Polygonaceae	2.146 ± 0.787	马钱科	Loganiaceae	0.076
商陆科	Phytolaccaceae	5.543	萝藦科	Asclepiadaceae	4.267
藜科	Chenopodiaceae	0.804 ± 0.349	茜草科	Rubiaceae	5.803 ± 5.077
苋科	Amaranthaceae	1.650 ± 1.094	忍冬科	Caprifoliaceae	18.666
牻牛儿苗科	Geraniaceae	5.810	川续断科	Dipsacaceae	4.822
柳叶菜科	Onagracaceae	0.108 ± 0.054	菊科	Compositae	9.343 ± 8.538
大风子科	Flacourtiaceae	1.451	龙胆科	Gentianaceae	0.196
葫芦科	Cucurbitaceae	1775.192	报春花科	Primulaceae	0.251 ± 0.053
秋海棠科	Begoniaceae	0.011	车前科	Plantaginaceae	0.329
山茶科	Theaceae	0.504	桔梗科	Campanulaceae	1.216
猕猴桃科	Actinidiaceae	0.811	茄科	Solanaceae	1.807 ± 0.859
藤黄科	Guttiferae	0.122 ± 0.051	玄参科	Scrophulariaceae	0.073 ± 0.025
椴树科	Tiliaceae	2.240	列当科	Orobanchaceae	0.006
大戟科	Euphorbiaceae	30.935 ± 24.605	苦苣苔科	Gesneriaceae	0.030
蔷薇科	Rosaceae	41.054 ± 30.752	马鞭草科	Verbenaceae	14.406 ± 13.699
豆科	Leguminosae	10.545 ± 2.711	唇形科	Labiatae	0.926 ± 0.128
金缕梅科	Hamamelidaceae	93.111	鸭跖草科	Commelinaceae	4.485 ± 1.740
榆科	Ulmaceae	69.862	百合科	Liliaceae	17.411 ± 7.559
桑科	Moraceae	30.695	薯蓣科	Dioscoreaceae	4.853
荨麻科	Urticaceae	0.256 ± 0.162	兰科	Orchidaceae	0.008
冬青科	Aquifoliaceae	40.065	灯心草科	Juncaceae	0.034
卫矛科	Celastraceae	18.029 ± 4.748	莎草科	Cyperaceae	0.169 ± 0.030
鼠李科	Rhamnaceae	17.934	禾本科	Poaceae	1.418 ± 0.433

科 Family		千粒重 Weight of 1000 seeds (g)	科 Family		千粒重 Weight of 1000 seeds (g)
五味子科	Schisandraceae	18.245	葡萄科	Vitaceae	11.417
樟科	Lauraceae	59.804 ± 10.556	芸香科	Rutaceae	12.535
毛茛科	Ranunculaceae	1.854 ± 0.526	楝科	Meliaceae	115.765
防己科	Menispermaceae	22.792	槭树科	Aceraceae	24.279
三白草科	Saururaceae	0.072	省沽油科	Staphyleaceae	52.835 ± 1.228
罂粟科	Papaveraceae	1.126	漆树科	Anacardiaceae	37.246 ± 26.089
堇菜科	Violaceae	0.565 ± 0.038	五加科	Araliaceae	2.208 ± 1.166
景天科	Crassulaceae	0.184	伞形科	Umbelliferae	3.523 ± 1.089
虎耳草科	Saxifragaceae	0.127 ± 0.099	柿科	Ebenaceae	275.298
石竹科	Caryophyllaceae	0.319 ± 0.111	安息香科	Styracaceae	115.576 ± 9.712
粟米草科	Molluginaceae	0.078	山矾科	Symplocaceae	52.121
蓼科	Polygonaceae	2.146 ± 0.787	马钱科	Loganiaceae	0.076
商陆科	Phytolaccaceae	5.543	萝藦科	Asclepiadaceae	4.267
藜科	Chenopodiaceae	0.804 ± 0.349	茜草科	Rubiaceae	5.803 ± 5.077
苋科	Amaranthaceae	1.650 ± 1.094	忍冬科	Caprifoliaceae	18.666
牻牛儿苗科	Geraniaceae	5.810	川续断科	Dipsacaceae	4.822
柳叶菜科	Onagracaceae	0.108 ± 0.054	菊科	Compositae	9.343 ± 8.538
大风子科	Flacourtiaceae	1.451	龙胆科	Gentianaceae	0.196
葫芦科	Cucurbitaceae	1775.192	报春花科	Primulaceae	0.251 ± 0.053
秋海棠科	Begoniaceae	0.011	车前科	Plantaginaceae	0.329
山茶科	Theaceae	0.504	桔梗科	Campanulaceae	1.216
猕猴桃科	Actinidiaceae	0.811	茄科	Solanaceae	1.807 ± 0.859
藤黄科	Guttiferae	0.122 ± 0.051	玄参科	Scrophulariaceae	0.073 ± 0.025
椴树科	Tiliaceae	2.240	列当科	Orobanchaceae	0.006
大戟科	Euphorbiaceae	30.935 ± 24.605	苦苣苔科	Gesneriaceae	0.030
蔷薇科	Rosaceae	41.054 ± 30.752	马鞭草科	Verbenaceae	14.406 ± 13.699
豆科	Leguminosae	10.545 ± 2.711	唇形科	Labiatae	0.926 ± 0.128
金缕梅科	Hamamelidaceae	93.111	鸭跖草科	Commelinaceae	4.485 ± 1.740
榆科	Ulmaceae	69.862	百合科	Liliaceae	17.411 ± 7.559
桑科	Moraceae	30.695	薯蓣科	Dioscoreaceae	4.853
荨麻科	Urticaceae	0.256 ± 0.162	兰科	Orchidaceae	0.008
冬青科	Aquifoliaceae	40.065	灯心草科	Juncaceae	0.034
卫矛科	Celastraceae	18.029 ± 4.748	莎草科	Cyperaceae	0.169 ± 0.030
鼠李科	Rhamnaceae	17.934	禾本科	Poaceae	1.418 ± 0.433