江河源不同区域紫花针茅草原群落特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择江河源区玛多、曲麻莱、同德3地区的典型紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原为研究对象, 采用样线和样方相结合的方法调查群落, 初步分析了江河源区紫花针茅草原的群落特征。结果表明: 1)所调查紫花针茅草原群落是物种组成比较简单、北温带分布的属为主体的草原群落。2)所有样线经聚类分析可归为3个群落类型: 紫花针茅+二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)群落(Ⅰ)、紫花针茅+高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)群落(Ⅱ)、紫花针茅+川青早熟禾(Poa indattenuata)群落(Ⅲ), 且各群落分布于不同区域。虽然这3个群落类型都是典型的紫花针茅群落, 但各自的群落结构还是存在一定差异, 群落相似性分析结果表明群落Ⅰ和Ⅱ的相似性较高, 群落Ⅰ和Ⅲ的相似性较低。3)紫花针茅草原的群落分布呈现出小尺度区域同质性和大尺度异域异质性的特点。4)所调查紫花针茅草原群落的均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数间以及它们和纬度间均呈显著相关。各α多样性指数在3个地区的群落间表现出基本一致的变化规律, 按均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数从大到小的顺序依次是: 群落Ⅱ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅰ。

关键词: 江河源区, 紫花针茅草原, 聚合分析, 群落特征, α多样性

Abstract:

Aims Stipa purpurea steppe is one of the most important ecosystems in source regions of Changjiang (Yangtse) and Huanghe (Yellow) Rivers. Our objective was to determineStipa purpureacommunity characteristics.

Methods Typical Stipa purpurea communities distributed in Maduo, Qumalai and Tongde of Qinghai Province were selected as three sampling locations and sampled using 33 sampling lines for a total of 330 samples. Analyses used PCORD, SPSS and EXCEL software.

Important findings Species composition of the investigated community was simple, with 96 species grouped into 58 genera and 23 families. North Temperate genera were dominant. We identified three associations: Stipa purpurea+Potentilla bifurcaassociation (Ⅰ),Stipa purpurea +Carex parva association (Ⅱ), andStipa purpurea+Poa indattenuata association (Ⅲ). These associations have different characteristics that are analyzed in this paper. Comparability analysis show that association Ⅰ is much more similar to association Ⅱ than Ⅲ, but the importance value ofS. purpureais much higher than any other species in all associations. The community distribution of S. purpureasteppe is heterogeneous at coarse scale and regionally homogeneous at fine scale. The correlations are all significant among evenness, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener indices and latitude. The curves of evenness, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices changed similarly in samples. Species diversity for the associations was Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ.

Key words: source regions of Changjiang and Huanghe River, Stipa purpurea steppe, agglomerative clustering, community characteristics, α diversity

岳鹏鹏, 卢学峰, 叶润蓉, 周玉碧, 杨仕兵, 张长现, 彭敏. 江河源不同区域紫花针茅草原群落特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1116-1125. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.016

YUE Peng-Peng, LU Xue-Feng, YE Run-Rong, ZHOU Yu-Bi, YANG Shi-Bing, ZHANG Chang- Xian, PENG Min. COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS OF STIPA PURPUREASTEPPE IN SOURCE REGIONS OF CHANGJIANG AND HUANGHE RIVERS, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1116-1125. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.016

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.016

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1116

图/表 10

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项目 Items	样地1 Sampling plot 1	样地2 Sampling plot 2	样地3 Sampling plot 3
行政区域 Location	玛多 Maduo	曲麻莱 Qumalai	同德 Tongde
样线号 Sampling line No.	s1~s11	s12~s22	s23~s33
海拔 Altitude (m)	4 210~4 355	4 290~4 567	3 343~3 555
经度 Longitude	97°40'57.7" N~ 98°19'42.3" N	95°50'40.5" N~ 95°53'39.8" N	100°54'20.4" N~ 101°13'32.7" N
纬度 Latitude	34°50'7.2" E~ 35°06'39.6" E	34°07'39.8" E~ 34°08'54.6" E	35°15'56.4" E~ 35°18'17.5" E
气温≥5 ℃积温 (℃) Accumulate temperature≥5 ℃	678.2	902.3	1 662
年降水量 (mm) Average annual precipitation	311.0	429.4	902.3
土壤类型 Soil type	高山草甸土 Alpine meadow soil	高山草甸土、高山草原土 Alpine meadow soil, alpine steppe soil	栗钙土 Chestnut soil

项目 Items	样地1 Sampling plot 1	样地2 Sampling plot 2	样地3 Sampling plot 3
行政区域 Location	玛多 Maduo	曲麻莱 Qumalai	同德 Tongde
样线号 Sampling line No.	s1~s11	s12~s22	s23~s33
海拔 Altitude (m)	4 210~4 355	4 290~4 567	3 343~3 555
经度 Longitude	97°40'57.7" N~ 98°19'42.3" N	95°50'40.5" N~ 95°53'39.8" N	100°54'20.4" N~ 101°13'32.7" N
纬度 Latitude	34°50'7.2" E~ 35°06'39.6" E	34°07'39.8" E~ 34°08'54.6" E	35°15'56.4" E~ 35°18'17.5" E
气温≥5 ℃积温 (℃) Accumulate temperature≥5 ℃	678.2	902.3	1 662
年降水量 (mm) Average annual precipitation	311.0	429.4	902.3
土壤类型 Soil type	高山草甸土 Alpine meadow soil	高山草甸土、高山草原土 Alpine meadow soil, alpine steppe soil	栗钙土 Chestnut soil

科 Family	种数 No. of species	占总种数的百分比 Ratio (%)
菊科 Compositae	19	19.79
禾本科 Gramineae	16	16.67
豆科 Leguminosae	11	11.46
莎草科 Cyperaceae	9	9.38
玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	5	5.21
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	4	4.17
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	4	4.17
毛莨科 Ranunculaceae	4	4.17
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	4	4.17
其它14科 Other 14 families	29	20.83

科 Family	种数 No. of species	占总种数的百分比 Ratio (%)
菊科 Compositae	19	19.79
禾本科 Gramineae	16	16.67
豆科 Leguminosae	11	11.46
莎草科 Cyperaceae	9	9.38
玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	5	5.21
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	4	4.17
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	4	4.17
毛莨科 Ranunculaceae	4	4.17
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	4	4.17
其它14科 Other 14 families	29	20.83

分布区类型 Areal-types	属数 No. of genera	占总属的百分比 Ratio (%)
北温带分布 North temperate	28	48.28
世界分布 Cosmopolitan	9	15.52
旧世界温带分布 Old world temperate	5	9.62
温带亚洲分布 Temperate of Asia	5	8.62
东亚分布 East Asia	5	8.62
地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranea, West Asia to Central Asia	2	3.45
中国特有 Endemic to China	2	3.45
中亚分布 Central Asia	1	1.72
泛热带分布 Pantropic	1	1.72
合计 Total	58	100.0