人工防风固沙林演替中群落组成和优势种群生态位变化特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以塔里木河下游绿洲外围大型防风固沙林为研究对象, 采用基于Simpson多样性指数的生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠测度公式, 在群落梯度上按重要值大小筛选出优势种群进行生态位分析, 探讨这些群落在4~7年的发育过程中生态位变化特点。结果表明: 1)经过4年的发育, 植物种组成简单的人工防风固沙林由于乡土植物种的侵入, 演变成为人工-天然植物群落, 不同地段群落中的优势种群发生了较大的变化, 优势种群共7个。芦苇(Phragmites communis)、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)和盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)这3个乡土植物种侵入后逐渐成为优势种群, 而原人工群落主要建群种宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum)种群逐渐消退; 7年后, 优势种群共6个。由于水分条件的变化, 多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)成为优势种群, 而芦苇降为亚优势种群, 盐生草种群发生消退; 2)人工-天然植物群落中优势种群以耐旱耐盐碱植物占主要优势向占绝对优势的方向发展, 其生态位宽度变化幅度为0.56~0.86, 生态位宽度排序为芦苇>花花柴>头状沙拐枣(Calligonum caput-medusae)>沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)>胡杨(Populus euphratica)>多枝柽柳>梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)>盐生草; 3)生态位重叠最大值发生在头状沙拐枣和胡杨种群之间; 4)在乡土植物种向人工群落侵入的过程中, 生态位宽度较大(或较小)的种群, 它们所构成的种对间生态位重叠既有较大的, 也有较小的, 可见生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度无相关性; 表明在现阶段群落演变中, 植物对环境资源存在着激烈的竞争和高的空间异质性。

关键词: 塔里木河下游, 人工-天然植物群落, 优势种群, 生态位

Abstract:

Aims Our purpose is to examine changes in community composition and niche characteristics of dominant species in an artificial plant community in the wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China. Findings will provide a case for sustainable management of artificial plant communities in desert inland river basins.

Methods Using representative plots, we sampled 24 locations for species diversity, community structure and interspecific relationships from August 2004 to June 2007. Dominant species were identified based on species’ Importance Index in the communities. Niche breadth and overlap were calculated and analyzed using Simpson’s and Pianka’s methods.

Important findings Community composition between planted and existing communities changed in the seven years. Species diversity increased over four years and then decreased, and community structure became more complex. After four years, the invasion of native species changed the artificial community into an artificial-natural plant community, with changes in dominant species. Niche breadths of dominant species were Phragmites communis>Karelinia caspica>Calligonum caput-medusae>Elaeagnus angustifolia>P. euphratica>Tamarix ramosissima>Haloxylon ammodendron>H. glomeratus.The niche overlap value between C. caput-medusae and P. euphratica was the largest among dominant species. At the present stage of community succession, there is no relationship between niche breadth and niche overlap of dominant species, which shows that there is competition among plants and high spatial heterogeneity of environmental resources.

Key words: Tarim River, artificial-natural plant community, dominant species, niche

陈艳瑞, 尹林克. 人工防风固沙林演替中群落组成和优势种群生态位变化特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.017

CHEN Yan-Rui, YIN Lin-Ke. COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND NICHE CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN THE WIND-BREAKING AND SAND-FIXING FOREST, XINJIANG, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.017

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.017

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1126

图/表 6

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年份 Year 优势种群 Dominant species	2000年 In 2000	2004年 In 2004	2007年 In 2007
1 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron		+	+
2 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia	+	+	+
3 头状沙拐枣 Calligonum caput-medusae	+	+	+
4 胡杨 Populus euphratica	+	+	+
5 花花柴 Karelinia caspica		+	+
6 芦苇 Phragmites communis		+
7 盐生草 Halogeton glomeratus		+
8 多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima			+

年份 Year 优势种群 Dominant species	2000年 In 2000	2004年 In 2004	2007年 In 2007
1 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron		+	+
2 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia	+	+	+
3 头状沙拐枣 Calligonum caput-medusae	+	+	+
4 胡杨 Populus euphratica	+	+	+
5 花花柴 Karelinia caspica		+	+
6 芦苇 Phragmites communis		+
7 盐生草 Halogeton glomeratus		+
8 多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima			+

序号 No.	B_si(4)	B_si (7)
1	0.694 6	0.590 4
2	0.719 0	0.825 1
3	0.786 1	0.849 6
4	0.698 9	0.821 3
5	0.843 3	0.854 5
6	0.859 6	/
7	0.556 5	/
8	/	0.692 6

序号 No.	B_si(4)	B_si (7)
1	0.694 6	0.590 4
2	0.719 0	0.825 1
3	0.786 1	0.849 6
4	0.698 9	0.821 3
5	0.843 3	0.854 5
6	0.859 6	/
7	0.556 5	/
8	/	0.692 6

序号 No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	1.000 0	0.165 3	0.279 4	0.151 7	0.763 3	0.371 9	0.447 8
2	0.351 3	1.000 0	0.372 8	0.083 7	0.527 1	0.640 3	0.053 7
3	0.359 6	0.527 2	1.000 0	0.856 0	0.341 2	0.560 7	0.163 0
4	0.357 3	0.585 4	0.810 2	1.000 0	0.157 9	0.599 7	0.050 4
5	0.373 4	0.758 1	0.608 8	0.503 6	1.000 0	0.680 0	0.680 6
8	0.257 9	0.214 6	0.476 9	0.152 0	0.705 6	/	/