植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 824-832.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.021
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2008-12-05
修回日期:
2009-03-24
出版日期:
2009-12-05
发布日期:
2009-07-30
通讯作者:
张富仓
作者简介:
*(zhangfucang@tom.com)基金资助:
YANG Qi-Liang, ZHANG Fu-Cang*(), LIU Xiao-Gang, YANG Zhen-Yu
Received:
2008-12-05
Revised:
2009-03-24
Online:
2009-12-05
Published:
2009-07-30
Contact:
ZHANG Fu-Cang
摘要:
为了探讨不同滴灌方式和土壤盐分对苹果(Malus pumila)幼树生长和水分传导(简称水分传导K)的影响。采用3种滴灌方式(交替滴灌(ADI, 根区两侧交替灌水)、固定滴灌(FDI, 根区固定一侧灌水)和常规滴灌(CDI, 根区两侧均灌水))和4个NaCl浓度梯度(0 (CK)、0.2% (S1)、0.3% (S2)、0.4% (S3))。结果表明: 滴灌方式和NaCl浓度对苹果幼树生长和水分传导有显著影响。在相同的滴灌处理下, 随着NaCl浓度的增大, 苹果幼树的干物质、叶面积和净生长量及水分传导均显著地下降。根系水分传导(Kr)与总根干重间, 冠层水分传导(Ksh)与冠层干重间均呈显著的线性相关关系。在相同的NaCl处理下, 与CDI处理相比, ADI处理节水达50%, 平均根系干重、冠层干重、总干重、叶面积、净生长量和Kr仅分别下降了8.7%、19.24%、13.47%、11.87%、32.96%和10.72%; 这说明ADI处理对果树的生长和Kr具有明显的促进作用。在高盐分S2和S3处理下, ADI处理的叶水分传导(Kl+p)分别降低了33.56%和44.26%, 但ADI处理的Kr反而高出了CDI达1.13%和10.91%, 说明ADI处理增强了苹果幼树根源水力信号的传输效率和调控苹果幼树体内水分平衡的能力及抗盐分胁迫能力。ADI处理的生长状况和Kr均高于FDI。采用ADI处理进行灌溉不仅提高了节水调控能力, 而且也增强了抗盐分胁迫能力。
杨启良, 张富仓, 刘小刚, 杨振宇. 不同滴灌方式和NaCl处理对苹果幼树生长和水分传导的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 824-832. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.021
YANG Qi-Liang, ZHANG Fu-Cang, LIU Xiao-Gang, YANG Zhen-Yu. EFFECTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION MODE AND NaCl CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE OF APPLE SEEDLINGS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 824-832. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.021
滴灌方式 Dripirrigation modes | 灌水情况 Irrigation details | ||
---|---|---|---|
灌水定额 Watering levels (mL) | 灌水次数 Irrigation times | 灌水日期 Irrigation date (month-day) | |
ADI, FDI | 800 | 10 | 6-14, 6-19, 6-24, 6-29, 7-04, 7-09, 7-14, 7-19, 7-24, 7-29 |
CDI | 1 600 |
表1 2008年苹果幼树NaCl处理试验期灌水情况
Table 1 Irrigation details of apple seedling during the NaCl concentrations experimental period in 2008
滴灌方式 Dripirrigation modes | 灌水情况 Irrigation details | ||
---|---|---|---|
灌水定额 Watering levels (mL) | 灌水次数 Irrigation times | 灌水日期 Irrigation date (month-day) | |
ADI, FDI | 800 | 10 | 6-14, 6-19, 6-24, 6-29, 7-04, 7-09, 7-14, 7-19, 7-24, 7-29 |
CDI | 1 600 |
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | 滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | 侧根干重 Lateral root dry weight (g·plant-1) | 根系干重 Root dry weight (g·plant-1) | 冠层干重 Shoot dry weight (g·plant-1) | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight (g·plant-1) | 总干重 Total dry matter (g·plant-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南侧 South | 北侧 North | ||||||
CK | ADI | 2.00b | 1.86bc | 10.50b | 12.98b | 4.74b | 23.48b |
FDI | 2.65a | 1.60c | 8.07d | 9.52de | 4.1d | 17.58d | |
CDI | 2.45a | 2.19a | 11.82a | 14.98a | 6.36a | 26.80a | |
S1 | ADI | 1.20dc | 1.14d | 9.12c | 12.48b | 3.81e | 21.60c |
FDI | 1.30c | 0.80e | 9.87cb | 11.03c | 3.33f | 20.90c | |
CDI | 2.03b | 2.13ba | 10.28b | 14.57a | 4.50c | 24.85b | |
S2 | ADI | 0.85de | 0.86de | 6.25ef | 9.85dc | 2.64h | 16.10d |
FDI | 1.19dc | 0.70e | 5.04gh | 8.02fg | 2.94g | 13.07e | |
CDI | 1.00dce | 1.13d | 7.17ed | 10.25dc | 3.20f | 17.42d | |
S3 | ADI | 0.80de | 0.84de | 6.21ef | 7.11gh | 2.07i | 13.32e |
FDI | 0.87dce | 0.54e | 4.57h | 6.57h | 1.71j | 11.14f | |
CDI | 0.72e | 0.66e | 5.87gf | 8.42fe | 1.99i | 14.29e | |
p值 p value | |||||||
滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | A | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | B | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
交互作用 Their interaction | A×B | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
表2 滴灌方式和NaCl处理对苹果幼树干物质的影响
Table 2 The effects of drip irrigation modes and NaCl concentrations on dry matter of apple seedling
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | 滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | 侧根干重 Lateral root dry weight (g·plant-1) | 根系干重 Root dry weight (g·plant-1) | 冠层干重 Shoot dry weight (g·plant-1) | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight (g·plant-1) | 总干重 Total dry matter (g·plant-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
南侧 South | 北侧 North | ||||||
CK | ADI | 2.00b | 1.86bc | 10.50b | 12.98b | 4.74b | 23.48b |
FDI | 2.65a | 1.60c | 8.07d | 9.52de | 4.1d | 17.58d | |
CDI | 2.45a | 2.19a | 11.82a | 14.98a | 6.36a | 26.80a | |
S1 | ADI | 1.20dc | 1.14d | 9.12c | 12.48b | 3.81e | 21.60c |
FDI | 1.30c | 0.80e | 9.87cb | 11.03c | 3.33f | 20.90c | |
CDI | 2.03b | 2.13ba | 10.28b | 14.57a | 4.50c | 24.85b | |
S2 | ADI | 0.85de | 0.86de | 6.25ef | 9.85dc | 2.64h | 16.10d |
FDI | 1.19dc | 0.70e | 5.04gh | 8.02fg | 2.94g | 13.07e | |
CDI | 1.00dce | 1.13d | 7.17ed | 10.25dc | 3.20f | 17.42d | |
S3 | ADI | 0.80de | 0.84de | 6.21ef | 7.11gh | 2.07i | 13.32e |
FDI | 0.87dce | 0.54e | 4.57h | 6.57h | 1.71j | 11.14f | |
CDI | 0.72e | 0.66e | 5.87gf | 8.42fe | 1.99i | 14.29e | |
p值 p value | |||||||
滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | A | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | B | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
交互作用 Their interaction | A×B | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
图2 滴灌方式和NaCl处理对叶面积和净生长量的影响 ADI、PDI、CDI、CK、S1、S2、S3: 同表2 See Table 2 小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05) Different small letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05 level
Fig. 2 The influence of drip irrigation pattern and NaCl concentrations on leaf area and plant a net growth
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | 滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | 各器官的水分传导 Hydraulic conductance (K) of different components (×10-5 kg·s-1·MPa-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根系 Root Kr | 冠层 Shoot Ksh | 主干+侧枝 Master rod+lateral branch K(mr+lb) | 主干 Master rod Kmr | 叶+柄 Leaf+petide K(l+p) | 侧枝Lateral branch Klb | ||||
CK | ADI | 1.03c | 0.80c | 1.39cb | 5.04a | 0.68c | 3.65a | ||
FDI | 0.82e | 0.68d | 1.45cb | 3.25b | 0.74c | 1.79b | |||
CDI | 1.26a | 1.05a | 2.30a | 5.31a | 1.35a | 3.01a | |||
S1 | ADI | 0.95d | 0.66d | 1.22cbd | 2.60c | 0.63c | 1.38cbd | ||
FDI | 0.80e | 0.58e | 1.35cb | 1.99dc | 0.65c | 0.64ed | |||
CDI | 1.11b | 0.92b | 2.13a | 3.56b | 1.22b | 1.42cb | |||
S2 | ADI | 0.555f | 0.52fg | 0.95ed | 1.78de | 0.45d | 0.83ced | ||
FDI | 0.551f | 0.49g | 1.17cd | 1.76de | 0.68c | 0.35e | |||
CDI | 0.548f | 0.66d | 1.52b | 2.60c | 0.68c | 1.08cebd | |||
S3 | ADI | 0.33g | 0.38h | 0.74e | 1.54de | 0.34d | 0.80ced | ||
FDI | 0.29h | 0.34i | 0.89ed | 1.12e | 0.43d | 0.43e | |||
CDI | 0.30hg | 0.54fe | 1.19cbd | 1.56de | 0.61c | 0.37e | |||
p值 p value | |||||||||
滴灌方式 Dripirrigation modes | A | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ||
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | B | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ||
交互作用 Their interaction | A×B | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | 0.09 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | 0.04 |
表3 滴灌方式和NaCl处理对苹果幼树水分传导的影响
Table 3 The effect of drip irrigation modes and NaCl concentrations on hydraulic conductivity of apple seedling
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | 滴灌方式 Drip irrigation modes | 各器官的水分传导 Hydraulic conductance (K) of different components (×10-5 kg·s-1·MPa-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根系 Root Kr | 冠层 Shoot Ksh | 主干+侧枝 Master rod+lateral branch K(mr+lb) | 主干 Master rod Kmr | 叶+柄 Leaf+petide K(l+p) | 侧枝Lateral branch Klb | ||||
CK | ADI | 1.03c | 0.80c | 1.39cb | 5.04a | 0.68c | 3.65a | ||
FDI | 0.82e | 0.68d | 1.45cb | 3.25b | 0.74c | 1.79b | |||
CDI | 1.26a | 1.05a | 2.30a | 5.31a | 1.35a | 3.01a | |||
S1 | ADI | 0.95d | 0.66d | 1.22cbd | 2.60c | 0.63c | 1.38cbd | ||
FDI | 0.80e | 0.58e | 1.35cb | 1.99dc | 0.65c | 0.64ed | |||
CDI | 1.11b | 0.92b | 2.13a | 3.56b | 1.22b | 1.42cb | |||
S2 | ADI | 0.555f | 0.52fg | 0.95ed | 1.78de | 0.45d | 0.83ced | ||
FDI | 0.551f | 0.49g | 1.17cd | 1.76de | 0.68c | 0.35e | |||
CDI | 0.548f | 0.66d | 1.52b | 2.60c | 0.68c | 1.08cebd | |||
S3 | ADI | 0.33g | 0.38h | 0.74e | 1.54de | 0.34d | 0.80ced | ||
FDI | 0.29h | 0.34i | 0.89ed | 1.12e | 0.43d | 0.43e | |||
CDI | 0.30hg | 0.54fe | 1.19cbd | 1.56de | 0.61c | 0.37e | |||
p值 p value | |||||||||
滴灌方式 Dripirrigation modes | A | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ||
NaCl浓度 NaCl concentrations | B | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | ||
交互作用 Their interaction | A×B | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | 0.09 | ﹤0.01 | ﹤0.01 | 0.04 |
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