三峡库区不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸及其温度敏感性

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤异养呼吸是土壤碳库净输出的主要途径, 其对气候变暖的响应已引起国内外学者的广泛关注。对森林生态系统来说, 林龄是影响生态系统碳平衡的一个重要因素。柑橘作为三峡库区第一大支柱产业, 种植面积极广, 对维持该区域的生态平衡起着巨大的调节作用。该文以三峡库区宜昌市郊区种植年限不同的3个橘林土壤为研究对象, 采用室内培养法, 研究在不同温度条件下, 不同林龄土壤的异养呼吸及其温度敏感系数的差异, 探讨该区域生态系统对未来气候变化的潜在响应。结果显示, 随着种植年限的增加, 橘林土壤pH值减小, 有机质和全氮含量显著增加, 土壤微生物生物量碳呈下降趋势。无论在低温、常温还是高温条件下, 林龄较小的橘树土壤异养呼吸及其累积释放量较低。与其他研究相比, 该区域人工橘林土壤异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q₁₀值相对较低(1.45-1.69), 且随着培养时间的变化而变化。随着种植年限的增加, 人工橘林土壤异养呼吸的温度敏感性逐渐降低, 表明在未来全球气候变暖条件下, 幼龄人工橘林要比成熟林对温度的反应敏感。

关键词: 室内培养法, 人工橘林, 种植年限, Q₁₀值, 土壤微生物生物量碳

Abstract:

Aims Orange (Citrus reticulate) plantations, as the primary industry of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China, play a significant regulatory role in the maintenance of ecological balance in the region. Our objectives were to examine the main factors controlling soil heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity in three different-aged orange plantations and discuss their potential responses to future climate change in this region.
Methods A laboratory simulation was conducted with soil samples collected at 0-10 cm depth from three different-aged orange plantations in Yichang. Samples were incubated in the laboratory at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C, respectively, and the alkali absorption method was applied to measure soil respiration. Soil physical and chemical properties were also measured.
Important findings With increasing age of the plantation, soil organic content and total nitrogen content increased, while soil pH and microbial biomass carbon decreased. The younger orange plantations released less CO₂ from soil heterotrophic respiration under all temperature conditions. Compared with other studies, temperature sensitivity coefficients of soil heterotrophic respiration (Q₁₀) in the orange plantations in this region were relatively low (1.45-1.69). All Q₁₀value changed with culture time. The temperature sensitivity coefficient of soil heterotrophic respiration of the plantations decreased with planting years, indicating that younger orange plantations will be more sensitive to future global warming than the older ones.

Key words: laboratory simulation, orange plantation, planting years, Q₁₀ value, soil microbial biomass carbon

张文丽, 刘菊, 王建柱, 陈芳清. 三峡库区不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸及其温度敏感性. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(11): 1265-1273. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.003

ZHANG Wen-Li, LIU Ju, WANG Jian-Zhu, CHEN Fang-Qing. Soil heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity in different-aged orange plantations in Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(11): 1265-1273. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.003

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I11/1265

图/表 6

表1 样地概况

Table 1 Site descriptions

样地 Site	林龄 Stand age (a)	海拔 Elevation (m)	树高 Tree height (cm)	胸径 DBH (cm)	干周 Girth (cm)	树距 Tree distance (cm)	林下主要物种 Main species under forest
70s	34	76	317.8 ± 3.2^a	14.6 ± 0.5^a	45.9 ± 1.5^a	343.8 ± 16.6^b	绿青苔(Haplocladium capillatum)、垂盆草(Sedum spectabilis)、马唐(Digitaria cruciata)
80s	25	73	301.3 ± 4.6^b	14.6 ± 0.5^a	45.8 ± 1.7^a	411.5 ± 82.2^a	绿青苔(Haplocladium capillatum)、酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)、野艾蒿(Artemisia leucophylla)
90s	16	116	288.1 ± 2.6^c	12.5 ± 0.4^b	39.3 ± 1.3^b	325.5 ± 35.2^b	绿青苔(Haplocladium capillatum)、茜草(Rubia cordifolia)、马唐(Digitaria cruciata)

表2 不同林龄人工橘林土壤(0-10 cm)的主要理化性质(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of soil (0-10 cm) in different-aged orange plantations (mean ± SE)

样地 Site	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	pH	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全N Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	土壤微生物生物量碳 Soil microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)
70s	12.8 ± 1.05^b	5.6 ± 0.05^c	19.6 ± 0.90^a	1.0 ± 0.05^b	163.0 ± 39.76
80s	11.8 ± 0.56^b	6.3 ± 0.14^b	21.0 ± 0.25^a	1.2 ± 0.01^a	166.3 ± 34.65
90s	17.1 ± 1.68^a	7.4 ± 0.15^a	11.7 ± 0.40^b	0.7 ± 0.02^c	266.2 ± 60.21

图1 不同培养温度不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸随时间的变化(平均值±标准误差)。70s、80s和90s分别表示人工橘林种植年龄为34、25和16年。

Fig. 1 Dynamics of soil heterotrophic respiration in different- aged orange plantations under different culture temperatures (mean ± SE). 70s, 80s and 90s mean the stand age of orange plantations are 34, 25 and 16 years, respectively.

图2 不同温度条件下不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸的累积释放量(平均值±标准误差)。70s、80s和90s见图1; 不同大写字母表示同一橘林不同温度下在0.05水平上差异显著; 不同小写字母表示同一温度不同林龄橘林在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 2 Cumulative CO2 released from soil heterotrophic respiration in different-aged orange plantations under different culture temperatures (mean ± SE). 70s, 80s and 90s see Fig. 1. Different capital letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level under different temperatures in the same plantation; different small letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level in different plantations under the same temperature.

表3 不同培养周期不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸与温度的指数关系及其参数(平均值±标准误差)

Table 3 Exponential relationship and the parameters between soil heterotrophic respirations and culture temperatures of different- aged orange plantations in different culture time (mean ± SE)

培养周期 Culture period	70s			80s			90s
培养周期 Culture period	Q₁₀	R₀	R²	Q₁₀	R₀	R²	Q₁₀	R₀	R²
1	1.67 ± 0.10	0.177 ± 0.023	0.67	1.42 ± 0.07	0.289 ± 0.034	0.55	1.45 ± 0.09	0.203 ± 0.028	0.56
2	1.73 ± 0.10	0.121 ± 0.017	0.69	1.79 ± 0.12	0.132 ± 0.020	0.68	2.01 ± 0.18	0.079 ± 0.017	0.65
3	1.36 ± 0.04	0.131 ± 0.009	0.73	1.48 ± 0.06	0.117 ± 0.012	0.68	1.38 ± 0.05	0.108 ± 0.011	0.62
4	1.54 ± 0.10	0.076 ± 0.012	0.53	1.46 ± 0.07	0.118 ± 0.012	0.64	1.86 ± 0.11	0.038 ± 0.006	0.75
5	1.32 ± 0.08	0.089 ± 0.012	0.36	1.27 ± 0.08	0.137 ± 0.020	0.23	1.57 ± 0.12	0.042 ± 0.008	0.48

表4 不同林龄人工橘林土壤异养呼吸与温度的指数关系及其参数(平均值±标准误差)

Table 4 Exponential relationship and the parameters between soil heterotrophic respirations and culture temperatures of different- aged orange plantations (mean ± SE)

样地 Site	R₀	β	R²	p	Q₁₀	Sig.
70s	0.115 ± 0.010	0.041 ± 0.004	0.38	<0.001	1.51 ± 0.03^b	0.022
80s	0.149 ± 0.012	0.039 ± 0.003	0.39	<0.001	1.48 ± 0.03^b
90s	0.076 ± 0.008	0.050 ± 0.004	0.41	<0.001	1.65 ± 0.04^a

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