亚热带杉木和马尾松群落土壤系统呼吸及其影响因子

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚热带杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)在我国森林资源中占有十分重要的地位, 研究它们的土壤与表层凋落物的呼吸有助于了解它们的碳源汇时空分布格局及碳循环过程的关键驱动因子。采用Li-Cor 6400-09连接到Li-6400便携式CO₂/H₂O分析系统测定湖南两种针叶林群落(2007年1月至12月)的土壤呼吸及其相关根生物量和土壤水热因子。研究结果表明: 杉木和马尾松群落中土壤呼吸的季节变化显著, 在季节动态上的趋势相似, 都呈不规则曲线格局, 全年土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为186.9 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1和242.4 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1。从1月开始, 两种群落的土壤呼吸速率由最小值33.9 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1和38.6 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1随着气温的升高而升高, 杉木群落到7月底达到全年中最大值326.3 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1, 而马尾松群落到8月中旬达到最大值467.3 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1, 土壤呼吸的季节变化与土壤温度呈显著的指数相关, 土壤温度可以分别解释土壤呼吸变化的91.7%和78.0%, 和土壤含水量呈二次方程关系, 土壤含水量可以解释土壤呼吸变化的5.4%和8.4%。由土壤呼吸与土壤温度拟合的指数方程计算Q₁₀值, 杉木和马尾松群落中全年土壤呼吸的Q₁₀值分别为2.26和2.13, Q₁₀值随着温度升高逐渐减小。两种群落土壤呼吸的差异主要受群落植被的根生物量、群落的凋落物量的影响。

关键词: 亚热带森林, 土壤呼吸, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量, Q₁₀值

Abstract:

Aims Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana forest ecosystems in subtropical China are important in national carbon budgets because of their large area and amount of carbon storage. Soil respiration is the second largest flux in the global carbon cycle, but the effect of these forest ecosystems on soil respiration is inadequately understood. Our objectives were to compare soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil moisture and Q₁₀value of the two communities and to evaluate relationships between soil respiration rates and environment factors.
Methods We examined seasonal variations of soil respiration using an infrared gas exchange analyzer (Li-Cor 6400-09) from January to December 2007 in Tianjiling National Forestry Park, Changsha. Soil temperature and moisture were measured at the same time at 5 cm depth. At the middle of January, April, July and October, we examined whole samples of root biomasses at 60 cm depth. We evaluated Q₁₀ values of soil respiration and correlations between soil respiration and environment factors.
Important findings The two communities had significantly different patterns in seasonal soil respiration processes. The two forests exhibited irregularly fluctuating curves during the study period with mean rates of soil respiration of 186.9 and 242.4 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1 in C. lanceolata and P. massoniana stands, respectively. Significant relationships were found between soil respiration rate and soil temperature in both communities and are best described by exponential equations. However, no significant relationships were found between soil respiration and soil moisture. Soil temperature and moisture could explain changes in soil respiration of 91.7% and 78.0% in the C. lanceolata community and 5.4% and 8.4%, in the P. massoniana community. The relationship between soil respiration rate (y) and soil temperature (t) is described by the regression equation: y=34.09e ^{0.081 5}^t (R²=0.917, p<0.001), y=48.68e ^{0.075 4}^t (R²=0.780 3, p<0.001). R ²=0.917, p<0.001. The Q₁₀ values in C. lanceolata and P. massoniana forests were 2.26 and 2.13, respectively, and tended to decrease when soil temperature increased from lower to higher scales. Seasonal patterns of soil respiration in these two forests were not only determined by soil temperature and soil moisture, but also by fine root mass and litter production.

Key words: subtropical forest, soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, Q₁₀value, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana

王光军, 田大伦, 闫文德, 朱凡, 李树战. 亚热带杉木和马尾松群落土壤系统呼吸及其影响因子. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(1): 53-62. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.006

WANG Guang-Jun, TIAN Da-Lun, YANG Wen-De, ZHU Fan, LI Shu-Zhan. SOIL SYSTEM RESPIRATION AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND PINUS MASSONIANA COMMUNITIES OF SUBTROPICAL CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(1): 53-62. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.006

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.006

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I1/53

图/表 6

表1 两种森林群落的基本情况

Table 1 Base instances of 2 types forest communities

森林类型 Forest types	年龄 Year (a)	每公顷株数 No. of per hm²	胸径 Chest diameter (cm)	树高 Height of tree (m)	枝下高 Height of branch (m)	郁闭度 Crown density
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	18	1 102	16.26	12.47	5.26	0.8
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	33	690	18.65	13.57	7.83	0.6

表2 两种森林群落的土壤理化特性、根生物量和凋落物量

Table 2 Soil physical chemical properties, biomass of roots and litter production in 2 plots over 0-60 cm soil depth

森林类型 Forest type	全C Total C (mg C·g^-1)	全N Total N (mg N·g^-1)	碳/氮 C/N	pH	土壤密度 Soil density (g·cm^-1)	细根 Fine root mass (g·m^-2)	粗根 Coarse root mass (g·m^-2)	凋落物 Litter production (g·m^-2·a^-1)
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	7.81(0.24)	0.89(0.5)	11.83	3.55	1.52(0.02)	456.01(53.69)	1 163. 81(62.92)	575.1((51.5)
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	8.38(0.03)	0.67(0.06)	12.76	3.70	1.58(0.08)	566. 32(81.20)	1 565.01(190.11)	1 157.5(145.1)

图1 杉木、马尾松群落与会同生态站的土壤温度、湿度、日降雨量的季节变化

Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of soil respiration, soil moistures at 5 cm soil depth, and daily precipitation of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana communities and Huitong ecological station for Chinese fir plantations during 2007

图2 杉木和马尾松群落的土壤呼吸、温度和湿度季节动态

Fig. 2 Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rate, temperature and moisture in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana communities during 2007

图3 杉木和马尾松群落土壤呼吸与土壤温度相关关系

Fig. 3 Relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures in 5 cm soil depth in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana communities

图4 杉木和马尾松群落土壤呼吸与土壤湿度相关关系

Fig. 4 Relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moisture in 5 cm soil depth in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana communities

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