植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 45-52.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.005
收稿日期:
2008-04-21
接受日期:
2008-09-21
出版日期:
2009-04-21
发布日期:
2009-01-30
通讯作者:
张荣
作者简介:
*E-mail: rongz@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
DAI Wei(), ZHANG Rong*(), DU Zhan-Biao, WANG Fan
Received:
2008-04-21
Accepted:
2008-09-21
Online:
2009-04-21
Published:
2009-01-30
Contact:
ZHANG Rong
About author:
*E-mail: rongz@lzu.edu.cnE-mail of the first author: daiwei06@yahoo.cn
摘要:
生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系及其形成的内在机制还存在很多争议。为了揭示植物群落生产力形成的生态学机制, 采用盆栽方法探讨了物种多样性、物种属性以及施肥水平与植物群落生产力之间的关系。研究结果显示: 在不施肥和每盆施5.0 g磷酸二铵的条件下, 随着物种多样性的增加, 地上生物量增加不显著; 在每盆施10.0 g磷酸二铵的条件下, 随着物种多样性的增加, 地上生物量显著增加。相对于中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)而言, 垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和垂穗鹅观草(Roegneria nutans)对群落生产力的贡献较大, 但在不同施肥水平和播种密度下, 其影响不完全相同。这表明物种多样性对群落生产力的影响随着土壤肥力的变化而变化; 并且植物群落生产力受组成群落的物种属性影响较大, 而物种属性又与特定时间和特定生境下资源的利用方式相联系。在高肥力水平下, 物种多样性之所以对群落生产力具有正效应, 可能是因为高肥力水平增加了可利用的生态位空间, 最终仍体现在物种组合上。因此, 植物群落的生产力与物种多样性之间没有必然的联系, 而与土壤肥力和土壤肥力决定的物种属性有关。
代巍, 张荣, 独占彪, 王璠. 土壤肥力和物种属性决定亚高寒草甸实验群落的生产力. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(1): 45-52. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.005
DAI Wei, ZHANG Rong, DU Zhan-Biao, WANG Fan. SOIL FERTILITY AND SPECIES IDENTITY CONTROL COMMUNITY PRODUCTIVITY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL PLANT COMMUNITY IN AN AREA OF SUBALPINE MEADOW. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(1): 45-52. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.005
单播 Monoculture | Z20 | Z40 | Z60 | P20 | P40 | P60 | E20 | E40 | E60 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混播 Polyculture | Z20P20 | Z20P40 | Z40P20 | P20E20 | P20E40 | P40E20 | E20Z20 | E20Z40 | E40Z20 | Z20P20E20 |
表1 单一肥力水平条件下不同播种处理
Table 1 Different sowing treatments at single fertility level
单播 Monoculture | Z20 | Z40 | Z60 | P20 | P40 | P60 | E20 | E40 | E60 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混播 Polyculture | Z20P20 | Z20P40 | Z40P20 | P20E20 | P20E40 | P40E20 | E20Z20 | E20Z40 | E40Z20 | Z20P20E20 |
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 平方和 Sum of square | 方差 Mean square | F值 F value |
---|---|---|---|---|
模型A Model A | ||||
物种多样性Species diversity (SD) | 3 | 119.431 | 39.810 | 3.924** |
肥力水平Fertility levels (FL) | 2 | 35 184.026 | 17 592.013 | 1 733.843*** |
物种多样性×肥力水平 (SD×FL) | 6 | 81.229 | 13.538 | 1.334 |
误差 Error | 259 | 2 627.880 | 10.146 | |
模型B Model B | ||||
肥力水平 Fertility levels (FL) | 2 | 35 184.508 | 17 592.254 | 1 989.159*** |
Z10 | 1 | 17.751 | 17.751 | 2.007 |
Z20 | 1 | 0.450 | 0.450 | 0.051 |
Z30 | 1 | 3.766 | 3.766 | 0.426 |
P10 | 1 | 4.522 | 4.522 | 0.551 |
P20 | 1 | 186.348 | 186.348 | 21.070*** |
P30 | 1 | 113.049 | 113.049 | 12.783*** |
E10 | 1 | 6.695 | 6.695 | 0.757 |
E20 | 1 | 24.445 | 24.445 | 2.764 |
E30 | 1 | 127.174 | 127.174 | 14.380*** |
物种多样性 Species diversity (SD) | 3 | 70.931 | 23.644 | 2.673 |
误差 Error | 256 | 2 272.926 | 8.844 |
表2 两种Type I SS方差分析模型描述处理效应对地上生物量的影响
Table 2 Effects of two types of I SS ANOVA models for describing treatment effects on aboveground biomass
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 平方和 Sum of square | 方差 Mean square | F值 F value |
---|---|---|---|---|
模型A Model A | ||||
物种多样性Species diversity (SD) | 3 | 119.431 | 39.810 | 3.924** |
肥力水平Fertility levels (FL) | 2 | 35 184.026 | 17 592.013 | 1 733.843*** |
物种多样性×肥力水平 (SD×FL) | 6 | 81.229 | 13.538 | 1.334 |
误差 Error | 259 | 2 627.880 | 10.146 | |
模型B Model B | ||||
肥力水平 Fertility levels (FL) | 2 | 35 184.508 | 17 592.254 | 1 989.159*** |
Z10 | 1 | 17.751 | 17.751 | 2.007 |
Z20 | 1 | 0.450 | 0.450 | 0.051 |
Z30 | 1 | 3.766 | 3.766 | 0.426 |
P10 | 1 | 4.522 | 4.522 | 0.551 |
P20 | 1 | 186.348 | 186.348 | 21.070*** |
P30 | 1 | 113.049 | 113.049 | 12.783*** |
E10 | 1 | 6.695 | 6.695 | 0.757 |
E20 | 1 | 24.445 | 24.445 | 2.764 |
E30 | 1 | 127.174 | 127.174 | 14.380*** |
物种多样性 Species diversity (SD) | 3 | 70.931 | 23.644 | 2.673 |
误差 Error | 256 | 2 272.926 | 8.844 |
图1 不同肥力梯度下物种多样性与地上生物量之间的关系 □: 不施肥 No-fertilization ○: 每盆施5.0 g磷酸二铵 Fertilizing 5.0 g diammonium phosphate per pot △:每盆施10.0 g磷酸二铵 Fertilizing 10.0 g diammonium phosphate per pot
Fig. 1 Relationships between species diversity and aboveground biomass at different fertility levels
图2 不同肥力梯度下的相对产量总和、互补效应、取样效应和多样性净效应的大小 F0: 不施肥 No-fertilization F1: 每盆施5.0 g磷酸二铵 Fertilizing 5.0 g diammonium phosphate per pot F2: 每盆施10.0 g磷酸二铵 Fertilizing 10.0 g diammonium phosphate per pot
Fig. 2 Magnitude of relative yield total, complementarity effect, selection effect and net effect of diversity at different fertility levels
图3 不同肥力条件下特定物种出现或缺失对地上生物量的影响 10、20和30分别指该物种的个体数 10, 20 and 30 refer to the number of planting species, respectively F0、F1、F2: 见图2 See Fig. 2 Z、P、E: 见表2 See Table 2
Fig. 3 Effects of presence or absence of certain species on aboveground biomass at different fertility levels
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