帽儿山天然次生林20个阔叶树种细根形态

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细根在森林生态系统C分配和养分循环过程中发挥着重要作用。细根形态不但影响养分和水分的吸收, 而且与细根寿命和周转有密切关系。因此, 研究森林树种的细根形态对了解根系结构与功能、预测寿命与周转具有重要理论意义。该文根据细根分枝等级划分方法, 研究了东北帽儿山天然次生林20个阔叶树种1~5级根直径、根长和比根长等形态指标。结果表明, 20个树种中, 除5个树种1级根直径略大于2级和比根长略小于2级根外, 其余15个树种均表现为1级根直径和根长最小、比根长最高, 随着根序增加, 直径和根长增加, 而比根长降低。20个阔叶树种前3级根的累积根长均占前5级根总根长的80%以上。9个内生菌根侵染的树种的平均直径、根长和比根长均大于11个外生菌根侵染的树种。

关键词: 细根, 形态, 根序, 阔叶树种, 天然次生林

Abstract:

Aims We studied root morphology across the first five branch orders of 20 hardwood tree species from secondary forest in northeastern China. Our objectives were to determine how root morphology changes across root branch orders and how such variations of root morphology differ between ectomycorrhizae (EM)-dominated and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM)-dominated fine roots.

Methods The fine roots were sampled in secondary forest in August 2006. We chose a random location in a plot under a randomly chosen individual tree and used a shovel to remove six soil blocks, 20 cm×20 cm×10 cm depth, from which the intact root segments were collected and placed in a Whirl-pac bag on ice in a cooler and then transported to the lab and frozen for dissection at a later date. In the laboratory, we dissected each individual root by branching order beginning with the distal end of a root system. After the dissection, we verified the type of mycorrhizal infection by staining and direct microscopic observation and determined diameter, length, and specific root length (SRL) of a given order.

Important findings Root diameter and length increased, and SRL decreased from the first to fifth order roots, except in Ulmus pumila, Acer ginnala, Alnus sibirica, A. mandshurica and U. laciniata, in which first order roots had larger (or equal) diameter and lower SRL compared to second order roots. The first three order roots accounted for 80% of the total length, suggesting that lower order roots would have similar physiological functions despite their differences in morphology. Eleven species were EM, and nine were AM. Average diameter, length and SRL of each root order were larger for AM than EM species.

Key words: fine roots, morphology, branch order, hardwood, secondary forest

师伟, 王政权, 刘金梁, 谷加存, 郭大立. 帽儿山天然次生林20个阔叶树种细根形态. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(6): 1217-1226. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.002

SHI Wei, WANG Zheng-Quan, LIU Jin-Liang, GU Jia-Cun, GUO Da-Li. FINE ROOT MORPHOLOGY OF TWENTY HARDWOOD SPECIES IN MAOERSHAN NATURAL SECONDARY FOREST IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(6): 1217-1226. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.002

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.002

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I6/1217

图/表 6

参考文献 24

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序号 No.	树种 Species	拉丁名缩写 Abbreviation	菌根类型 Type of mycorrhizal	生活型 Life form
1	青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	Acte	内生 AM	落叶亚乔木 Deciduous sub-tree
2	卫矛 Euonymus sacrosancta	Eusa	内生 AM	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
3	疣枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus	Eupa	内生 AM	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
4	水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	Frma	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
5	胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	Juma	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
6	山杏 Prunus sibirica	Prsi	内生 AM	落叶亚乔木Deciduous sub-tree
7	黄波罗 Phellodendron amurense	Pham	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
8	朝鲜柳 Salix koreensis	Sako	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
9	家榆 Ulmus pumila	Ulpu	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
10	五角槭 Acer mono	Acmo	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
11	茶条槭 Acer ginnala	Acgi	外生 EM	落叶灌木或亚乔木Deciduous shrub/ sub-tree
12	花楷槭 Acer ukurunduense	Acuk	外生 EM	落叶亚乔木Deciduous sub-tree
13	毛赤杨 Alnus sibirica	Alsi	外生 EM	落叶乔木或亚乔木Deciduous tree/ sub-tree
14	东北赤杨 Alnus mandshurica	Alma	外生 EM	落叶乔木或亚乔木Deciduous tree/ sub-tree
15	白桦 Betula platyphylla	Bepl	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
16	枫桦 Betula costata	Beco	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
17	蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	Qumo	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
18	糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	Tima	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
19	春榆 Ulmus japonica	Ulja	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
20	裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	Ulla	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree

序号 No.	树种 Species	拉丁名缩写 Abbreviation	菌根类型 Type of mycorrhizal	生活型 Life form
1	青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	Acte	内生 AM	落叶亚乔木 Deciduous sub-tree
2	卫矛 Euonymus sacrosancta	Eusa	内生 AM	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
3	疣枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus	Eupa	内生 AM	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
4	水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	Frma	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
5	胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	Juma	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
6	山杏 Prunus sibirica	Prsi	内生 AM	落叶亚乔木Deciduous sub-tree
7	黄波罗 Phellodendron amurense	Pham	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
8	朝鲜柳 Salix koreensis	Sako	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
9	家榆 Ulmus pumila	Ulpu	内生 AM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
10	五角槭 Acer mono	Acmo	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
11	茶条槭 Acer ginnala	Acgi	外生 EM	落叶灌木或亚乔木Deciduous shrub/ sub-tree
12	花楷槭 Acer ukurunduense	Acuk	外生 EM	落叶亚乔木Deciduous sub-tree
13	毛赤杨 Alnus sibirica	Alsi	外生 EM	落叶乔木或亚乔木Deciduous tree/ sub-tree
14	东北赤杨 Alnus mandshurica	Alma	外生 EM	落叶乔木或亚乔木Deciduous tree/ sub-tree
15	白桦 Betula platyphylla	Bepl	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
16	枫桦 Betula costata	Beco	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
17	蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	Qumo	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
18	糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	Tima	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
19	春榆 Ulmus japonica	Ulja	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
20	裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	Ulla	外生 EM	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree

根序 Root order	平均直径 Mean diameter (mm)		平均长度 Mean length (mm)		比根长 Specific root length (SRL) (m·g^-1)
根序 Root order	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM
1 2 3 4 5	0.26 ±0.03 ^a 0.29 ±0.04 ^a 0.36 ±0.04 ^a 0.55 ±0.09 ^a 0.95 ±0.16 ^a	0.22 ±0.01 ^b 0.23 ±0.01 ^b 0.28 ±0.01 ^b 0.43 ±0.03 ^b 0.72 ±0.05 ^b	5.64 ±2.03 ^a 16.23 ±6.44 ^a 26.77 ±6.71 ^a 43.50 ±6.27 ^a 82.70 ±17.11 ^a	1.75 ±0.13 ^b 5.50 ±0.36 ^b 16.10±1.27^b 35.19±4.06^b 56.63±3.89^b	112.38 ±16.24 ^a 86.57 ±11.06 ^a 47.72 ±6.42 ^a 18.84 ±3.25 ^a 7.14 ±1.77 ^a	93.42±5.27^a 87.81±6.70^a 45.45±4.30^a 18.37±2.47^a 6.76 ±0.84 ^a

根序 Root order	平均直径 Mean diameter (mm)		平均长度 Mean length (mm)		比根长 Specific root length (SRL) (m·g^-1)
根序 Root order	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM	内生菌根树种 AM	外生菌根树种 EM
1 2 3 4 5	0.26 ±0.03 ^a 0.29 ±0.04 ^a 0.36 ±0.04 ^a 0.55 ±0.09 ^a 0.95 ±0.16 ^a	0.22 ±0.01 ^b 0.23 ±0.01 ^b 0.28 ±0.01 ^b 0.43 ±0.03 ^b 0.72 ±0.05 ^b	5.64 ±2.03 ^a 16.23 ±6.44 ^a 26.77 ±6.71 ^a 43.50 ±6.27 ^a 82.70 ±17.11 ^a	1.75 ±0.13 ^b 5.50 ±0.36 ^b 16.10±1.27^b 35.19±4.06^b 56.63±3.89^b	112.38 ±16.24 ^a 86.57 ±11.06 ^a 47.72 ±6.42 ^a 18.84 ±3.25 ^a 7.14 ±1.77 ^a	93.42±5.27^a 87.81±6.70^a 45.45±4.30^a 18.37±2.47^a 6.76 ±0.84 ^a