小兴安岭森林沼泽甲烷排放及其影响因子

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用静态箱-气相色谱法, 对小兴安岭5种森林沼泽生长季甲烷 (CH4) 排放通量进行研究, 并探讨了温度、地下水位和植被等主要环境因子对CH4排放的影响。结果表明:毛赤杨 (Alnus sibirica) 沼泽、落叶松 (Larix gmelinii) -藓类 (Moss) 沼泽和落叶松-泥炭藓 (Sphagnum spp.) 沼泽的CH4排放有明显的季节变化规律, 而白桦 (Betula platyphylla) 沼泽和落叶松-苔草 (Carex schmidtii) 沼泽CH4通量的季节变化相对较小。落叶松-泥炭藓沼泽有爆发式CH4通量现象出现, 对生长季CH4排放通量影响较大。在生长季内落叶松-泥炭藓沼泽、毛赤杨沼泽和白桦沼泽为大气CH4的源, 而落叶松-苔草沼泽和落叶松-藓类沼泽为大气CH4的汇, 生长季CH4的平均排放通量分别为 (56.08±200.38) 、 (15.34±14.89) 、 (0.64±0.88) 、 (-0.88±1.76) 和 (-0.94±3.00) mg·m-2·d-1。除落叶松-泥炭藓沼泽外, 不同森林沼泽类型间CH4排放通量随地下水位升高而增大;地下水位在-34.5~-30.8cm之间可能存在CH4源与汇的临界点, 季节平均地下水位低于这一位置的森林沼泽为大气CH4的汇。温度对森林沼泽CH4通量的影响比较复杂, 二者间可能为正或负的显著 (p<0.05) 或非显著 (p>0.05) 相关关系。CH4通量与乔木地上生物量有较强的负相关性, 这有可能成为小兴安岭森林沼泽CH4通量的最佳预测因子。

关键词: 甲烷排放, 森林沼泽, 地下水位, 温度, 植被

Abstract:

Aims Our major objectives were to quantify methane fluxes and variations during growing season and understand key factors controlling methane fluxes in five natural forested swamps.

Methods We measured methane fluxes from natural forested swamps in Xiaoxing’an Mountains from early June to late October 2007, using the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique.

Important findings We observed large seasonal variations in methane fluxes in Alnus sibirica swamp, Larix gmelinii-moss swamp and Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum spp. swamp, but smaller variations in Betula platyphylla swamp and Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii swamp. Episodic flux was detected in Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum spp. swamp, which greatly influenced methane fluxes during the growing season. Alnus sibirica swamp, Larix gmelinii-moss swamp and Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum spp. swamp were sources of atmospheric methane, but Betula platyphylla swamp and Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii swamp were sinks, and the average methane emission rates during the growing season were (56.08 ± 200.38), (15.34 ± 14.89), (0.64 ± 0.88), (-0.88 ± 1.76) and (-0.94 ± 3.00 ) mg·m-2·d-1, respectively. Average methane emission rates were higher with higher water table among the forested swamps, except for Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum spp. swamp. There was a critical point of atmospheric methane source or sink when the water table was at -34.5 ~ -30.8 cm; forested swamps with average water table below this value were atmospheric methane sinks. Effects of temperature on methane fluxes were complex, as temperature may show positive or negative and significant or non-significant correlations. Aboveground biomass of trees may be the best indicator of methane emissions from these forested swamps, because there were strong negative correlations between them.

Key words: methane emission, forested swamps, water table, temperature, vegetation

孙晓新, 牟长城, 石兰英, 程伟, 刘霞, 吴云霞, 冯登军. 小兴安岭森林沼泽甲烷排放及其影响因子. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(3): 535-545. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.012

SUN Xiao-Xin, MU Chang-Cheng, SHI Lan-Ying, CHENG Wei, LIU Xia, WU Yun-Xia, FENG Deng-Jun. METHANE EMISSION FROM FORESTED SWAMPS IN XIAOXING’AN MOUNTAINS, NORTHEASTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(3): 535-545. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.012

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I3/535

图/表 9

表1 森林沼泽类型及其基本特征

Table 1 Types and characteristics of forested swamps

图1 森林沼泽CH4通量的季节变化规律 MCY:毛赤杨沼泽Alnus sibirica swamp BH:白桦沼泽Betula platyphylla swamp LYS-TC:落叶松-苔草沼泽Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii swamp LYS-XL:落叶松-藓类沼泽Larix gmelinii-moss swamp LYS-NTX:落叶松-泥炭藓沼泽Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum spp.swamp排放值超出图内的纵坐标时, 直接在图上列出具体数值Values outside of the scale of the figure are given as text on the plot

Fig.1 Seasonal variations of CH4 flux in different forested swamps

表2 生长季平均CH4排放通量 (平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Mean CH4 flux during growing season (mean±SD)

图2 毛赤杨沼泽CH4通量与地下水位的关系

Fig.2 Correlation between CH4 flux and water table of Alnus sibirica swamp

表3 CH4通量与土壤/泥炭温度关系

Table 3 Correlation between CH4 flux and soil/peat temperature

图3 平均CH4通量与草本地上生物量之间的关系

Fig.3 Correlations between mean CH4 flux and above-ground biomass of herbs

图4 平均CH4通量与灌木地上生物量之间的关系

Fig.4 Correlations between mean CH4 flux and above-ground biomass of shrub

图5 平均CH4通量与乔木生物量之间的关系

Fig.5 Correlation between mean CH4 flux and above-ground biomass of tree

图6 落叶松-泥炭藓沼泽气压和地下水位的季节变化规律

Fig.6 Seasonal variations of atmospheric pressure and water table of Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum swamp

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