生态位限制和物种库限制对湖滨湿地植物群落分布格局的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了物种库限制与生态位限制在湖滨湿地植物分布格局形成过程中的相对重要性。在龙感湖湖滨湿地具有明显水位梯度的湿生植物区、挺水植物区和沉水植物区采集种子库土样, 采用幼苗萌发法确定了不同水位区种子库的物种成分;并将不同水位区的种子库土样分别置于0、25和50cm3个水位下萌发和生长, 45和90d后比较不同取样区种子库在不同水位处理下所建立的植物群落的异同。结果表明, 不同取样区的种子库物种成分有显著差异, 沿水深梯度呈现明显的带状分布格局。水位处理实验表明, 0cm水位条件下的群落主要由湿生植物和挺水植物组成, 而25和50cm水位下只有沉水植物, 表明不同功能群的物种对水深有不同的耐受力, 生态位限制是决定湿地植物分布格局的关键因子。同时, 挺水植物区的种子库置于沉水条件下, 以及沉水植物区的种子库置于0cm水位下都只能形成极为简单的植物群落, 表明物种库限制对湿地植物群落的形成同样具有显著影响。研究表明, 湿地植物的群落构成与分布格局是由生态位限制和物种库限制共同决定的, 两者的相对重要性可能取决于水体的稳定性。

关键词: 湿地植被, 生态位, 种子库, 带状分布, 水位

Abstract:

Aims Much research has focused on the effects of competition and stress tolerance on plant zonation in wetlands, but few studies have explored the role of propagule availability. This study examined the relative importance of niche limitation and species pool limitation in structuring lakeshore plant communities.

Methods We sampled the soil seed banks from the hygrophyte, emergent-plant and submerged-plant zones in a subtropical lakeshore marsh, Longgan Lake, China and used the seedling germination method to examine the density and species composition of seed banks. To assess the effects of species pool and water depth on community establishment, we exposed seed bank samples to three water-level treatments (depths of 0, 25 and 50 cm) and, 45 and 90 days later, compared the species richness and functional groups of the communities that established.

Important findings Species of the seed banks were grouped according to their ability to tolerate or respond to water-depth gradients. The established vegetations varied significantly among sites and treatments. For all three sites, mud-flat and emergent communities established at the 0 water-level treatment, while submerged communities established at the 25 and 50 cm water-level treatments, show-ing that the species belonging to different functional group have different tolerances to water depths and that water depth (niche limitation) was important in shaping plant zonation in freshwater marsh. Only the simplest community developed when the seed bank of the emergent-plant zone was exposed to the 25 and 50 cm water-level treatments, as well as when the seed bank of submerged-plant zone was exposed to the 0 water-level treatment. This shows that community species richness depends primarily on the composition and viability of the seeds in the soil seed bank. These findings suggest that the structure and distribution pattern of the wetland community were determined by both niche limitation and species pool limitation. Their relative importance may depend on the stability of the water regime.

Key words: marsh vegetation, niche, seed bank, zonation distribution, water level

徐洋, 刘文治, 刘贵华. 生态位限制和物种库限制对湖滨湿地植物群落分布格局的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(3): 546-554. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.013

XU Yang, LIU Wen-Zhi, LIU Gui-Hua. PLANT DISTRIBUTION IN FRESHWATER LAKESHORE: RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SPECIES POOL LIMITATION VS. NICHE LIMITATION. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(3): 546-554. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.013

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.03.013

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I3/546

图/表 3

表1 不同取样区的种子库经3种水位处理45和90 d后群落的物种成分 (平均种子密度±标准误)

Table 1 Mean seed density of seed banks collected at three water level zones and germinated at 45 and 90 d under three water depth treatments (mean±SE)

图1 不同取样区的种子库及其经3个水位处理90 d后建成群落的功能群构成

Fig.1 Composition of functional group of seed banks or seedlings germinating in three water depth treatments at 90th day from soils collected at three water level zones

表2 水位处理45和90 d后萌发幼苗的密度和物种数的方差分析检验

Table 2 Statistical results from the ANOVA testing the difference of water level treatment and sampling site in the number of seedlings and species at 45th day and 90th day

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