禾草内生真菌作为生防因子的潜力分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早熟禾亚科多种禾草可与Neotyphodium内生真菌形成禾草-内生真菌共生体, 这种植物-微生物共生体性状较为稳定, 且在自然界中广泛存在。禾草-内生真菌共生体稳定的互利共生关系不但保证了内生真菌所需的全部营养物质, 而且共生体产生的次生代谢物又可显著提高宿主禾草对生物胁迫的抗逆性。众多研究表明, 内生真菌的侵染可显著提高宿主禾草对虫害、病害及伴生植物等多种生物胁迫的抗性。据不完全统计, 禾草内生真菌对蛛形纲、线虫纲、昆虫纲3个纲至少79个种的害虫表现出较明显的抗性, 对至少22个种的病原真菌表现出明显的抗性。尽管利用内生真菌进行禾草品种选育及其品质改良的技术日趋成熟, 但是内生真菌在不同宿主禾草之间高效的替代转化技术, 及其在宿主体内遗传的稳定性仍有待于进一步深入探索。研究者把禾草内生真菌作为生防手段, 在未来的应用过程中不应只考虑其与宿主禾草之间的共生特异性, 而应更全面地分析禾草-内生真菌-生态环境之间的相互关系, 让内生真菌更好地为人类服务。

关键词: 禾草内生真菌, 抗虫, 抗病, 生物防治, 潜力分析

Abstract:

Many grasses in the subfamily Pooideae develop symbioses with Neotyphodium fungal endophytes, which exist widely in nature. The stably symbiotic relationship not only ensures accessible nutrients required by Neotyphodium fungal endophytes, but also significantly increases the resistance of host grasses to biological stresses through the production of secondary metabolites. Previous studies show that infected grasses with endophytic fungi have prominently enhanced resistance to pests, plant diseases, companion plants and other biological stresses. Grass endophytic fungi show remarkable resistant to at least 79 species of pests from three classes; arachnida, nematode and insecta, and to at least 22 species of pathogenic fungi. Although the biotechnological application of endophytic fungi in grass breeding for variety selection and quality improvement has progressed well, opportunities remain for further exploring the use of fungal endophytes among different host grasses coupled with the examination of genetic stability of Neotyphodium in novel host grasses. In the future application of endophytic fungi as a bio-control method, researchers should not only consider specificities of host grasses, but also need to have comprehensive analysis and knowledge about the mutual relationships among grasses, endophytic fungi and ecological environments, which will help use endophytic fungi to better serve humanity.

Key words: Neotyphodium, pest resistance, disease resistance, biocontrol factor, potential analysis

李秀璋, 姚祥, 李春杰, 南志标. 禾草内生真菌作为生防因子的潜力分析. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 621-634. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0060

LI Xiu-Zhang,YAO Xiang,LI Chun-Jie,NAN Zhi-Biao. Potential analysis of grass endophytes Neotyphodium as biocontrol agents. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(6): 621-634. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0060

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内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
Epichloë glyceriae	苇状羊茅 Festuca arundinacea	禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
E. sylvatica	短柄草 Brachypodium sylvaticum	草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda
E. festucae	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Endria inimica
		东亚飞蝗 Locusta migratoria
		黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster
		Exitianus exitiosus
		麦长管蚜 Sitobion avenae
	紫羊茅 F. rubra	Meloidogyne naasi
		Metopolophium festucae
		Meloidogyne marylandii
		Anguina funina
		帽状纽带线虫 Hoplolaimus galeatus
		双角螺旋线虫 Helicotylenchus digonicus
		异毛刺线虫属 Paratrichodorus sp.
E. festuca var. lolii	多花黑麦草 Lolium perenne	黑异爪蔗金龟 Heteronychus arator
E. typhina	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Balanococcus poae
		Graphania mutans
		Persectania ewingii
Neotyphodium coenophialum	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	草螟蛾属 Crambus sp.
		赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum
		Exomala orientalis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
		黑角负泥虫 Oulema melanopus
		Adoryphorus coulonii
		Graphania mutans
		Prosapia bicincta
		玉米螟 Ostrinia nubilalis
		日本丽金龟 Popillia japonica
		乳香平翅根蚜 Aploneura lentisci
		斯克里布纳短体线虫 Pratylenchus scribneri
		白符跳 Folsomia candida
		咖啡短体线虫 Pratylenchus goodeyi
		Sphenophorus inaequalis
		玉米蚜 Rhopalosiphum maidis
		Pogonomyrmex rugosus
N. gansuense	醉马草 Achnatherum inebrians	猬草瘿螨 Abacarus hystrix
		亚洲小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus
		针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus
		Pogonomyrmex rugosus
		罗格斯石竹蚁 Tetranychus cinnabarinus
N. uncinatum	草甸羊茅 F. pratensis	阿根廷茎象甲 Listronotus bonariensis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		黑异爪蔗金龟 Heteronychus arator
		褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟 Costelytra zealandica
内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
		短齿默林线虫 Merlinius brevidens
		伤残短体线虫 Pratylenchus pratensis
		索氏短体线虫 Pratylenchus thornei
		原始毛刺线虫 Trichodorus primitivus
		早熟禾缢瘤蚜 Rhopalomyzus poae
N. lolii	多花黑麦草 L. perenne	澳洲日野黑蟋蟀 Teleogryllus commodus
		Parapediasia sp.
		Meloidogyne naasi
		大螟 Sesamia inferens
		Cyclocephala lurida
		Meloidogyne marylandii
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		谷物锈螨 Abacarus hystrix
		禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
		黑角负泥虫 Oulema melanopus
		Draeculocephala cephala
		家蟋蟀 Acheta domesticus
		麦无网长管蚜 Metopolophium dirhodum
		Graphania mutans
		玉米螟 Ostrinia nubilalis
		乳香平翅根蚜 Aploneura lentisci
		条沙叶蝉Psammotettix striatus
		Bitylenchus maximus
		Bitylenchus dubius
		亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis
		Agallia constricta
		玉米蚜 Rhopalosiphum maidis
N. starrii	亚利桑那羊茅 F. arizonica	黄地老虎 Agrotis segetum
		小地老虎 Agrotis ipsilon
		Agrotis infusa
Neotyphodium spp.	布顿大麦草 Hordeum bogdanii	麦双尾蚜 Diuraphis noxia
	草甸羊茅 F. pratensis	美洲毛谷杆长蝽 Blissus leucopterus hirtus
	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Philobota productella
		Cyclocephala lurida
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		Aphodius tasmaniae
		黄伪毛蚜 Sipha flava
		褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟 Costelytra zealandica
		麦二叉蚜 Schizaphis graminum
		Draeculacephala antica
		Sphenophorus minimus
		杂拟谷盗 Tribolium confusum
	多花黑麦草 L. perenne	阿根廷茎象甲 Listronotus bonariensis
		滨海油葫芦 Teleogryllus oceanicus
		莓蚜 Sitobion fragariae
内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
		长毛草盲蝽 Lygus rugulipennis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		Mythimna convecta
		Graminella nigrifrons
		锯谷盗 Oryzaephilus surinamensis
		赤须盲蝽 Trigonotylus caelestialium
		Sphenophorus venatus
		麦二叉蚜 Schizaphis graminum
		乳草长蝽 Oncopeltus fasciatus
		Persectania ewingii
		Trigonotylus caelestialum
		较小拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus minor
		Mythimna unipuncta
		早熟禾结网毛虫 Parapediasia teterrella
		牧草尖隐喙象 Sphenophorus parvulus
		粘虫 Mythimna separate
		Pseudalectia unipunctata
	野大麦 H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum	麦双尾蚜 Diuraphis noxia
	紫羊茅 F. rubra	美洲毛谷杆长蝽 Blissus leucopterus hirtus

内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
Epichloë glyceriae	苇状羊茅 Festuca arundinacea	禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
E. sylvatica	短柄草 Brachypodium sylvaticum	草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda
E. festucae	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Endria inimica
		东亚飞蝗 Locusta migratoria
		黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster
		Exitianus exitiosus
		麦长管蚜 Sitobion avenae
	紫羊茅 F. rubra	Meloidogyne naasi
		Metopolophium festucae
		Meloidogyne marylandii
		Anguina funina
		帽状纽带线虫 Hoplolaimus galeatus
		双角螺旋线虫 Helicotylenchus digonicus
		异毛刺线虫属 Paratrichodorus sp.
E. festuca var. lolii	多花黑麦草 Lolium perenne	黑异爪蔗金龟 Heteronychus arator
E. typhina	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Balanococcus poae
		Graphania mutans
		Persectania ewingii
Neotyphodium coenophialum	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	草螟蛾属 Crambus sp.
		赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum
		Exomala orientalis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
		黑角负泥虫 Oulema melanopus
		Adoryphorus coulonii
		Graphania mutans
		Prosapia bicincta
		玉米螟 Ostrinia nubilalis
		日本丽金龟 Popillia japonica
		乳香平翅根蚜 Aploneura lentisci
		斯克里布纳短体线虫 Pratylenchus scribneri
		白符跳 Folsomia candida
		咖啡短体线虫 Pratylenchus goodeyi
		Sphenophorus inaequalis
		玉米蚜 Rhopalosiphum maidis
		Pogonomyrmex rugosus
N. gansuense	醉马草 Achnatherum inebrians	猬草瘿螨 Abacarus hystrix
		亚洲小车蝗 Oedaleus decorus
		针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus
		Pogonomyrmex rugosus
		罗格斯石竹蚁 Tetranychus cinnabarinus
N. uncinatum	草甸羊茅 F. pratensis	阿根廷茎象甲 Listronotus bonariensis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		黑异爪蔗金龟 Heteronychus arator
		褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟 Costelytra zealandica
内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
		短齿默林线虫 Merlinius brevidens
		伤残短体线虫 Pratylenchus pratensis
		索氏短体线虫 Pratylenchus thornei
		原始毛刺线虫 Trichodorus primitivus
		早熟禾缢瘤蚜 Rhopalomyzus poae
N. lolii	多花黑麦草 L. perenne	澳洲日野黑蟋蟀 Teleogryllus commodus
		Parapediasia sp.
		Meloidogyne naasi
		大螟 Sesamia inferens
		Cyclocephala lurida
		Meloidogyne marylandii
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		谷物锈螨 Abacarus hystrix
		禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
		黑角负泥虫 Oulema melanopus
		Draeculocephala cephala
		家蟋蟀 Acheta domesticus
		麦无网长管蚜 Metopolophium dirhodum
		Graphania mutans
		玉米螟 Ostrinia nubilalis
		乳香平翅根蚜 Aploneura lentisci
		条沙叶蝉Psammotettix striatus
		Bitylenchus maximus
		Bitylenchus dubius
		亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis
		Agallia constricta
		玉米蚜 Rhopalosiphum maidis
N. starrii	亚利桑那羊茅 F. arizonica	黄地老虎 Agrotis segetum
		小地老虎 Agrotis ipsilon
		Agrotis infusa
Neotyphodium spp.	布顿大麦草 Hordeum bogdanii	麦双尾蚜 Diuraphis noxia
	草甸羊茅 F. pratensis	美洲毛谷杆长蝽 Blissus leucopterus hirtus
	苇状羊茅 F. arundinacea	Philobota productella
		Cyclocephala lurida
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		Aphodius tasmaniae
		黄伪毛蚜 Sipha flava
		褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟 Costelytra zealandica
		麦二叉蚜 Schizaphis graminum
		Draeculacephala antica
		Sphenophorus minimus
		杂拟谷盗 Tribolium confusum
	多花黑麦草 L. perenne	阿根廷茎象甲 Listronotus bonariensis
		滨海油葫芦 Teleogryllus oceanicus
		莓蚜 Sitobion fragariae
内生真菌 Endophyte	宿主植物 Host plant	害虫 Pest
		长毛草盲蝽 Lygus rugulipennis
		玉米跳甲 Chaetocnema pulicaria
		Mythimna convecta
		Graminella nigrifrons
		锯谷盗 Oryzaephilus surinamensis
		赤须盲蝽 Trigonotylus caelestialium
		Sphenophorus venatus
		麦二叉蚜 Schizaphis graminum
		乳草长蝽 Oncopeltus fasciatus
		Persectania ewingii
		Trigonotylus caelestialum
		较小拟毛刺线虫 Paratrichodorus minor
		Mythimna unipuncta
		早熟禾结网毛虫 Parapediasia teterrella
		牧草尖隐喙象 Sphenophorus parvulus
		粘虫 Mythimna separate
		Pseudalectia unipunctata
	野大麦 H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum	麦双尾蚜 Diuraphis noxia
	紫羊茅 F. rubra	美洲毛谷杆长蝽 Blissus leucopterus hirtus