内生真菌对羽茅抗病性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同种类内生真菌对宿主植物羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)抗病性的影响, 以感染不同内生真菌的天然禾草羽茅为实验材料, 进行了体外纯培养的内生真菌、感染内生真菌的离体叶片和在体叶片对3种植物病原真菌的抑菌实验。结果表明: 体外纯培养条件下, 分离自羽茅的内生真菌Neotyphodium sibiricum、Neotyphodium gansuensis和Epichloë gansuensis对新月弯孢霉(Curvularia lunata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)和枝孢霉(Cladosporium sp.)等3种病原真菌都具有抑制作用, 其中N. sibiricum的抑制作用最强, 对新月弯孢霉、根腐离蠕孢和枝孢霉的抑菌率分别为47.8%、40.1%、39.4%; 内生真菌培养滤液也可以有效抑制这3种病原真菌的孢子萌发, 其中N. gansuensis的抑制作用最强, 新月弯孢、根腐离蠕孢和枝孢霉的孢子萌发率分别为9.8%、8.7%、8.5%。对于离体叶片, N. sibiricum和N. gansuensis感染可以有效降低叶片受3种病原真菌侵染后的病斑数和孢子浓度, 其中N. sibiricum对根腐离蠕孢的抑制作用显著高于N. gansuensis, 而E. gansuensis只降低新月弯孢和枝孢霉侵染的病斑数以及枝孢霉侵染的孢子浓度。在体条件下, 内生真菌均可以显著降低病原真菌侵染羽茅后的病斑数、病斑长度和孢子浓度, 其中E. gansuensis的抑菌作用趋于最弱, 而N. sibiricum的抑菌作用趋于最强。

关键词: 病原真菌, 内生真菌, 羽茅, 抗病性

Abstract:

AimsAchnatherum sibiricum, a native grass species, is widely distributed in the steppe of Nei Mongol, China. In this study, three endophytic fungi, i.e., Neotyphodium sibiricum, N. gansuensis and Epichloë gansuensis, were isolated from A. sibiricum and examined the effect of the endophytes on the resistance of A. sibiricum to fungal disease.
Methods Three fungi: Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were chosen as the target pathogens. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of endophytic inoculation of A. sibiricum on its pathogen resistance: 1) endophye in vitro, 2) inoculated detached leaves and 3) intact plants. They were infected with the three pathogens above mentioned, separately. Seven days later, inhibition rates, the number of lesions, lesion length and concentration of spores were measured.
Important findings The results showed that all endophytes significantly reduced the growth of pathogens fungi in vitro, and N. sibiricums had the strongest effect: its bacteriostasis rate to Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were 47.8%, 40.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Culture filtration of three endophytes also effectively reduced pathogen spore germination, in which N. gansuensis showed the strongest impact. The germination rates of Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were only 9.8%, 8.7% and 8.5%, respectively. Neotyphodium sibiricum and N. gansuensis could reduce lesion number and spore concentration of detached host leaves after the pathogens inoculation. Epichloë gansuensis reduced lesion number of detached leaves after inoculation with Curvularia lunata and Cladosporium sp., and decreased spore concentration of the pathogens fungi of Cladosporium sp. In the intact leaves, three endophytes reduced lesion number, lesion length and spore concentration as well after inoculation of the pathogens with those infected with N. sibiricum showing the strongest resistance, while with Epichloë gansuensis, the weakest resistance.

Key words: fungal pathogen, endophyte, Achnatherum sibiricum, pathogens-fungi resistance

牛毅, 高远, 李隔萍, 任安芝, 高玉葆. 内生真菌对羽茅抗病性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(9): 925-932. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

Yi NIU, Yuan GAO, Ge-Ping LI, An-Zhi REN, Yu-Bao GAO. Effect of different species of endophytes on fungal disease resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(9): 925-932. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I9/925

图/表 7

表1 不同内生真菌对3种病原真菌抗性的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA for pathogens fungi resistance of different morphotypes of endophytes

	抑菌率 Inhibition rate (%)		平均孢子萌发率 Average spore germination rate (%)
	F	p	F	p
E	131.323	0.000	643.791	0.000
P	0.837	0.441	12.453	0.000
E × P	14.210	0.010	5.788	0.000

图1 不同内生真菌对3种病原真菌的平均抑菌率(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum。

Fig. 1 Mean inhibition rate of different morphotypes of endophytes on three species of pathogens fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

图2 不同内生真菌培养滤液对病原真菌孢子萌发率的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum。

Fig. 2 Effect of culture filtrate on germination rate of the pathogenic fungi spores (mean ± SE). CK, control; Eg, Epi- chloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

图3 Neotyphodium gansuensis培养滤液对根腐离蠕孢孢子萌发的影响。左图中根腐离蠕孢孢子的萌发受到了抑制, 发芽率低。

Fig. 3 Influence of culture filtrate of Neotyphodium gansuensis on spore germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Bipolaris sorokiniana spore germination is inhibited in the left picture, germination rate is low.

表2 感染不同内生真菌的活体植株对3种病原真菌抗性的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA for three resistances of pathogenic fungi of intact plants infected different endophyte

	离体实验 Detached experiment						在体实验 Intact experiment
	病斑数 Mean number of lesions		病斑长度 Mean length of lesions		孢子浓度 Spore concentration of pathogens fungi		病斑数 Mean number of lesions		病斑长度 Mean length of lesions		孢子浓度 Spore concentration of pathogens fungi
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
E	8.94	0.000	6.65	0.001	107.20	0.000	11.25	0.000	5.14	0.011	17.90	0.000
P	109.50	0.000	485.30	0.000	677.50	0.000	20.90	0.000	37.57	0.000	66.43	0.000
E × P	3.21	0.010	4.05	0.002	17.32	0.000	9.25	0.000	14.70	0.000	4.28	0.000

图4 感染不同内生真菌的羽茅离体叶片受病原真菌侵染后的病斑数、病斑长度以及病原真菌的孢子浓度(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum。

Fig. 4 Mean number and length of lesions and spore concentration on detached leaves of Achnatherum sibiricum after inoculation with pathogens-fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). CK, control; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

图5 感染不同内生真菌的羽茅在体叶片受病原真菌侵染后的病斑数、病斑长度以及病原真菌的孢子浓度(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum。

Fig. 5 Mean number and length of lesions and spore concentra- tion on intact leaves of A. sibiricum after inoculation with pathogens-fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). CK, control; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

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