不同传播方式的内生真菌感染对羽茅的生理生态影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过田间试验, 研究了垂直传播的Neotyphodium属内生真菌和水平传播的Epichloë属内生真菌对羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)生理生态的影响。结果表明: Neotyphodium属内生真菌感染对羽茅的株高和叶长有显著的正效应, 而Epichloë属内生真菌感染对羽茅株高和叶长的增益作用较少。感染Neotyphodium属内生真菌的羽茅最大净光合速率显著高于感染Epichloë属内生真菌的羽茅, Neotyphodium属内生真菌显著提升了羽茅的气孔限制值和水分利用效率, 而实验测定的第一年结果显示: Epichloë属内生真菌对羽茅的各个光合指标具有明显的负效应(胞间CO₂浓度除外)。Neotyphodium属内生真菌感染使得宿主植物积累的可溶性糖含量显著高于感染Epichloë属内生真菌的羽茅和不染菌的羽茅植株。感染Epichloë属内生真菌的羽茅中氮含量显著高于感染Neotyphodium属内生真菌的羽茅。总之, 内生真菌的传播方式是影响羽茅生理生态学特性的一个因素, 并且垂直传播的内生真菌对羽茅生长和生理特性的益处高于水平传播的内生真菌。

关键词: Neotyphodium, Epichloë, 羽茅

Abstract: Aims

Achnatherum sibiricum plants were infected by fungal endophytes Neotyphodium and Epichloëand high infection rates have been found in our experimental field. Our objective was to determine the effects of Neotyphodium and Epichloë on growth and physiological characteristics in A. sibiricum.

Methods

In a field experiment, we measured plant growth and physiological characteristics of A. sibiricum with a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system and determined the contents of carbon (C%) and nitrogen (N%) and other physiological variables in 2011 and 2012. Achnatherum sibiricum plants were successfully infected with Neotyphodium and Epichloë.

Important findings

Neotyphodium infection had a significant positive effect on both leaf length and plant height in A. sibiricum, whereas Epichloë infection had a significant negative effect on the two variables. Maximum net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher in the endophyte-free plants than in plants infected by Neotyphodium and Epichloë; whilst Neotyphodium infected plants had significantly higher maximum net photosynthetic rate than Epichloë infected plants. Moreover, Neotyphodium infection significantly increased stomatal limitation and water use efficiency (WUE) of the host grass. Epichloë infection had a negative effect on photosynthetic variables except intercellular CO₂ concentration in the first year. Neotyphodium infection resulted in greater accumulation of soluble sugars in host plants than Epichloë infection and endophyte-free treatment. The N% in Epichloë infected plant was significantly higher than in Neotyphodium infected plants in both years and in endophyte-free plants in the second year.

Key words: Neotyphodium, Epichloë, Achnatherum sibiricum

贾彤, 任安芝, 魏茂英, 尹立佳, 高玉葆. 不同传播方式的内生真菌感染对羽茅的生理生态影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(1): 72-80. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0008

JIA Tong,REN An-Zhi,WEI Mao-Ying,YIN Li-Jia,GAO Yu-Bao. Effects of endophyte transmission on ecophysiological characteristics of Achnatherum sibiricum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(1): 72-80. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0008

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0008

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I1/72

图/表 8

图1 2011年感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅生长状况的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 1 Effects of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on growth of Achnatherum sibiricum in 2011 (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

图2 2012年感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅生长状况的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 2 Effects of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on growth of Achnatherum sibiricum in 2012 (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

图3 感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅比叶面积的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 3 Effects of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on specific leaf area in Achnatherum sibiricum (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

图4 2011年感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅光合色素的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。Car, 胡萝卜素; Chl a, 叶绿素a; Chl b, 叶绿素b。

Fig. 4 The influence of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on photosynthetic pigments in Achnatherum sibiricum in 2011 (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium. Car, carotene; Chl a, chlorophyll a; Chl b, chlorophyll b.

图5 感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅最大净光合速率的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 5 The influence of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on maximum net photosynthetic rate in Achnatherum sibiricum (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

表1 羽茅光合作用拟合值的比较

Table 1 The comparison of fitted values of photosynthetic characteristics in Achnatherum sibiricum

Year		蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (μmol·mol^-1)	气孔限制值 Stomatal limitation	水分利用效率 Water use efﬁciency (mmol·mmol^-1)	光能利用效率 Light use efﬁciency (μmol·μmol^-1₎
2011	Ep	5.83^b	0.33^b	320.6^a	0.19^c	2.035^c	0.009 8^c
	Ne	4.76^c	0.30^b	294.8^c	0.26^a	3.086^a	0.012 1^b
	EF	6.47^a	0.42^a	306.1^b	0.23^b	2.712^b	0.014 5^a
2012	Ep	2.07^c	0.09^c	210.47^b	0.48^b	4.52^a	0.008^c
	Ne	2.44^b	0.09^b	199.80^b	0.51^a	4.53^a	0.009^b
	EF	3.45^a	0.15^a	249.13^a	0.38^c	3.74^b	0.011^a

图6 感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对2011年羽茅可溶性糖和总酚含量的影响以及对2012年羽茅的非结构性碳含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 可溶性糖含量。B, 总酚含量。C, 非结构性碳水化合物含量。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 6 Effects of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on soluble sugar and total phenolic contents in 2011 and the total nonstructural carbohydrate in 2012 in Achnatherum sibiricum (mean ± SD). A, Soluble sugar content. B, Total phenolic content. C, Total nonstructural carbohydrate content. Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

图7 2012年感染不同传播方式内生真菌Epichloë和Neotyphodium对羽茅的碳、氮含量以及碳氮比的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。不同小写字母表示p值在0.05的水平上差异显著。EF, 不染菌植株; Ep, 感染Epichloë的植株; Ne, 感染Neotyphodium的植株。

Fig. 7 Effects of Epichloë and Neotyphodium infection on nitrogen content, carbon content and C:N in Achnatherum sibiricum in 2012 (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate signiﬁcant differences at the 0.05 level. EF, endophyte-free plant; Ep, plant infected by Epichloë; Ne, plant infected by Neotyphodium.

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