荒漠北沙柳根系丛枝菌根真菌和黑隔内生真菌定殖状况

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00089

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为利用土壤共生真菌资源促进荒漠植被恢复和生态重建, 分别于2013年6月、8月和10月, 从内蒙古元上都地区采集北沙柳(Salix psammophila)根围0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40和40-50 cm共5个土层的土壤样品, 系统研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和黑隔内生真菌(DSE)的时空分布及其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明: AMF和DSE的平均定殖率分别为77%和84%, 说明北沙柳根系能与这两类真菌形成良好的共生关系。AMF和DSE的分布和定殖具有明显的时空异质性, 并与土壤因子密切相关。AMF和DSE的平均定殖率均表现为10月> 8月> 6月。土壤深度对AMF和DSE的定殖率有显著影响, AMF和DSE定殖率的最大值分别在0-20 cm和0-10 cm土层。双因子方差分析表明, 月份和土层对AMF和DSE的定殖率以及土壤因子具有显著的交互效应。主成分分析表明, 土壤湿度、pH值、碱性磷酸酶、易提取球囊霉素是内蒙古荒漠环境中AMF和DSE定殖的主要影响因子。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 黑隔内生真菌, 生态分布, 内蒙古荒漠, 北沙柳

Abstract:

Aims Salix psammophila is an excellent shrub for afforestation and sand dune fixation and is mainly distributes in the arid zones in North China. The objective of this study was to determine the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE), and the relationships among AMF, DSE and soil factors in the rhizosphere of S. psammophila, in order to provide information guiding the recovery of desert vegetation and ecological reconstruction.
Methods Soil and root samples were collected from different soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm) in the rhizosphere of S. psammophila in June, August and October 2013 at Yuan Shangdu in Nei Mongol. The colonization and distribution of AMF and DSE were assessed, and the relationships among AMF, DSE and soil factors were determined and tested by variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis.
Important findings The roots of S. psammophila could be highly infected by AMF and DSE, and the average colonization of AMF and DSE were 77% and 84%, respectively. Sampling time and soil depth significantly influenced the AMF and DSE colonization. The maximum colonization of AMF was found in the 0-20 cm soil layer and DSE in the 0-10 cm soil layer, respectively, and the effects of sampling time on colonization were in the order of October > August > June. Two-way ANOVA showed that sampling time and soil layer had significant interactive effects on the colonization and distribution of AMF and DSE as well as soil factors. Principal component analysis showed that soil humidity, pH value, alkaline phosphatase and easily extractable glomalin were the main factors of AMF and DSE colonization in desert environments.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate endophytes, ecological distribution, Nei Mongol desert, Salix psammophila

闫姣,贺学礼,张亚娟,许伟,张娟,赵丽莉. 荒漠北沙柳根系丛枝菌根真菌和黑隔内生真菌定殖状况. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(9): 949-958. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00089

YAN Jiao,HE Xue-Li,ZHANG Ya-Juan,XU Wei,ZHANG Juan,ZHAO Li-Li. Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes in roots of desert Salix psammophila. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(9): 949-958. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00089

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I9/949

图/表 6

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月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	AMF						DSE
月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	孢子密度 Spore density (No.· 20 g^-1 soil)	泡囊定殖率 Vesicular colonization rate (%)	菌丝定殖率 Hyphal coloniza- tion rate (%)	丛枝定殖率 Arbusc- ular coloniza- tion rate (%)	定殖强度 Coloniza- tion intensity (%)	总定殖率 Total colonization rate (%)	泡囊定殖率 Vesicular colonization rate (%)	菌丝定殖率 Hyphal colonization rate (%)	微菌核定殖率 Micro- sclerotia colonization rate (%)	定殖强度 Coloniza- tion intensity (%)	总定殖率 Total coloniza- tion rate (%)
6月 June	0-10	86^bB	38^bB	66^aB	3^bA	61^aB	51^bB	22^aA	78^aA	32^aA	61^abB	80^abA
	10-20	103^aC	56^aA	60^abB	8^aB	48^abA	64^aB	14^abA	79^aA	19^bcA	67^aA	87^aA
	20-30	94^bB	31^bB	57^abC	10^aA	35^bcC	54^bC	8^abA	77^aA	9^cdB	58^abA	81^abA
	30-40	82^bB	23^bB	41^bB	0^cB	29^cB	56^abA	2^cA	67^aB	7^dA	46^bB	48^bC
	40-50	90^bA	23^bB	38^bB	4^bA	30^bcA	48^bA	0^cA	73^aA	22^abA	48^abA	77^abA
	均值 Mean	91^b	34^b	53^b	5^b	41^b	54^b	9^a	75^b	18^b	56^b	75^b
8月 August	0-10	158^aA	62^aA	95^aA	11^aA	69^aB	97^aA	8^aB	93^aA	31^aA	40^bB	97^aA
	10-20	136^abB	42^abA	87^abA	7^bB	64^bA	87^abA	1^bA	91^abA	8^bA	64^aA	91^abA
	20-30	144^abA	28^bB	77^abB	1^cA	60^bB	77^abB	2^bA	85^abA	6^bB	60^abA	85^abA
	30-40	111^bcB	40^abB	82^abA	9^abA	73^aA	82^abA	2^bA	71^bB	12^bA	53^abB	71^bB
	40-50	102^cA	42^abAB	63^bAB	1^cA	61^bA	63^bA	1^bA	74^abA	9^bB	41^bA	74^bA
	均值 Mean	130^a	43^b	81^a	6^b	63^a	81^a	3^b	83^a	13^b	52^b	83^a
10月 October	0-10	145^bA	84^aA	100^aA	13^bA	94^aA	100^aA	0^bB	100^aA	47^aA	87^aA	100^aA
	10-20	189^aA	61^abA	100^aA	25^aA	84^bA	100^aA	3^aA	86^bA	14^bA	76^abA	94^bA
	20-30	136^bA	70^abA	100^aA	3^cA	86^bA	100^aA	0^bA	97^aA	37^aA	70^bA	92^bA
	30-40	153^bA	63^abA	77^bAB	0^cB	77^bA	83^bA	0^bA	93^aA	20^bA	69^bA	93^bA
	40-50	108^cA	53^bA	80^bA	7^bcA	52^cA	87^bA	3^aA	90^aA	13^bAB	52^cA	90^bA
	均值 Mean	146^a	66^a	91^a	10^a	79^a	94^a	1^b	77^b	26^a	71^a	94^a
显著性 Significance	p(Y)	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.023	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
	p(T)	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.017	0.001	0.037	0.000	0.001	0.008
	p(Y×T)	0.002	0.025	0.612	0.000	0.074	0.298	0.004	0.426	0.000	0.043	0.141

月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	AMF						DSE
月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	孢子密度 Spore density (No.· 20 g^-1 soil)	泡囊定殖率 Vesicular colonization rate (%)	菌丝定殖率 Hyphal coloniza- tion rate (%)	丛枝定殖率 Arbusc- ular coloniza- tion rate (%)	定殖强度 Coloniza- tion intensity (%)	总定殖率 Total colonization rate (%)	泡囊定殖率 Vesicular colonization rate (%)	菌丝定殖率 Hyphal colonization rate (%)	微菌核定殖率 Micro- sclerotia colonization rate (%)	定殖强度 Coloniza- tion intensity (%)	总定殖率 Total coloniza- tion rate (%)
6月 June	0-10	86^bB	38^bB	66^aB	3^bA	61^aB	51^bB	22^aA	78^aA	32^aA	61^abB	80^abA
	10-20	103^aC	56^aA	60^abB	8^aB	48^abA	64^aB	14^abA	79^aA	19^bcA	67^aA	87^aA
	20-30	94^bB	31^bB	57^abC	10^aA	35^bcC	54^bC	8^abA	77^aA	9^cdB	58^abA	81^abA
	30-40	82^bB	23^bB	41^bB	0^cB	29^cB	56^abA	2^cA	67^aB	7^dA	46^bB	48^bC
	40-50	90^bA	23^bB	38^bB	4^bA	30^bcA	48^bA	0^cA	73^aA	22^abA	48^abA	77^abA
	均值 Mean	91^b	34^b	53^b	5^b	41^b	54^b	9^a	75^b	18^b	56^b	75^b
8月 August	0-10	158^aA	62^aA	95^aA	11^aA	69^aB	97^aA	8^aB	93^aA	31^aA	40^bB	97^aA
	10-20	136^abB	42^abA	87^abA	7^bB	64^bA	87^abA	1^bA	91^abA	8^bA	64^aA	91^abA
	20-30	144^abA	28^bB	77^abB	1^cA	60^bB	77^abB	2^bA	85^abA	6^bB	60^abA	85^abA
	30-40	111^bcB	40^abB	82^abA	9^abA	73^aA	82^abA	2^bA	71^bB	12^bA	53^abB	71^bB
	40-50	102^cA	42^abAB	63^bAB	1^cA	61^bA	63^bA	1^bA	74^abA	9^bB	41^bA	74^bA
	均值 Mean	130^a	43^b	81^a	6^b	63^a	81^a	3^b	83^a	13^b	52^b	83^a
10月 October	0-10	145^bA	84^aA	100^aA	13^bA	94^aA	100^aA	0^bB	100^aA	47^aA	87^aA	100^aA
	10-20	189^aA	61^abA	100^aA	25^aA	84^bA	100^aA	3^aA	86^bA	14^bA	76^abA	94^bA
	20-30	136^bA	70^abA	100^aA	3^cA	86^bA	100^aA	0^bA	97^aA	37^aA	70^bA	92^bA
	30-40	153^bA	63^abA	77^bAB	0^cB	77^bA	83^bA	0^bA	93^aA	20^bA	69^bA	93^bA
	40-50	108^cA	53^bA	80^bA	7^bcA	52^cA	87^bA	3^aA	90^aA	13^bAB	52^cA	90^bA
	均值 Mean	146^a	66^a	91^a	10^a	79^a	94^a	1^b	77^b	26^a	71^a	94^a
显著性 Significance	p(Y)	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.023	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
	p(T)	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.017	0.001	0.037	0.000	0.001	0.008
	p(Y×T)	0.002	0.025	0.612	0.000	0.074	0.298	0.004	0.426	0.000	0.043	0.141

月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	温度 Tem- perature (℃)	湿度 Humidity (%)	pH值 pH value	有机碳 Organic carbon (mg·g^-1)	易提取球囊霉素 Easily extracted glomalin (mg·g^-1)	总球囊霉素 Total glomalin (mg·g^-1)	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (μg·g^-1)	速效磷 Available phospho- rus (μg·g^-1)
6月 June	0-10	27.3^aA	5.8^bC	8.1^aA	2.0^aC	0.4^aB	1.4^aA	34.8^aB	37.5^aC	12.8^aA	3.0^aAB
	10-20	23.5^bA	6.6^aB	8.0^aB	1.0^bC	0.5^aB	1.1^aB	26.1^bB	36.1^aA	6.4^bA	2.5^aA
	20-30	22.3^bcA	5.8^bB	7.8^aAB	0.9^bB	0.5^aB	0.5^bB	25.4^bB	22.8^bB	6.4^bB	2.4^aA
	30-40	21.4^cA	5.9^abB	7.7^aB	0.9^bC	0.4^bB	0.8^bB	24.6^bA	14.5^cB	5.3^bB	2.0^aA
	40-50	21.1^cA	5.2^bB	7.6^aB	0.7^bC	0.3^bB	0.7^bB	24.1^bA	12.1^cC	7.6^bA	2.6^aA
	均值 Mean	23.1^a	5.9^b	7.8^b	1.1^c	0.4^b	0.9^b	27.0^b	24.6^c	7.7^b	2.6^a
8月 August	0-10	21.5^abA	12.6^aB	8.6^aA	3.2^aB	0.5^abB	1.3^bA	37.5^aB	52.0^aB	11.8^aAB	2.5^aB
	10-20	21.0^bA	12.7^aA	8.7^aA	3.1^aB	0.6^aB	1.9^aA	35.4^aA	34.3^bA	7.0^bA	2.5^aA
	20-30	21.1^abA	11.4^aA	8.4^aA	2.2^bB	0.6^aB	1.4^bA	23.1^bB	22.2^cB	9.9^abA	2.6^aA
	30-40	21.5^abA	7.5^bA	8.3^aA	2.1^bB	0.5^abB	1.0^cB	22.4^bA	24.1^cAB	6.4^bAB	2.5^aA
	40-50	21.9^aA	7.6^bA	8.4^aA	2.0^bB	0.4^bB	1.2^abA	17.4^cB	20.3^cB	8.8^bcA	1.8^bB
	均值 Mean	21.4^a	10.2^a	8.5^a	2.5^b	0.5^b	1.4^a	27.2^b	30.6^b	8.8^a	2.4^a
10月 October	0-10	3.2^abB	16.2^aA	7.0^aB	5.8^aA	1.1^aA	1.2^abA	54.2^aA	63.0^aA	9.3^aB	4.0^aA
	10-20	2.8^bB	14.3^{b A}	7.8^aB	5.4^bA	1.2^aA	1.6^aAB	31.5^bA	33.4^bA	7.0^abA	1.7^bA
	20-30	3.3^abB	11.0^cA	7.4^aB	5.5^bA	1.1^aA	1.3^abA	31.9^bA	27.8^cA	5.8^bB	2.0^bA
	30-40	4.3^abB	7.0^dA	7.4^aB	5.0^cA	1.0^aA	1.2^bA	23.7^cA	28.3^cA	8.8^aA	1.6^bB
	40-50	4.4^aB	7.7^dA	7.7^aB	4.9^cA	1.1^aA	1.3^abA	21.6^cA	27.8^cA	7.6^abA	2.4^bA
	均值 Mean	3.6^b	11.2^a	7.7^b	5.3^a	1.1^a	1.3^a	32.6^a	36.1^a	7.7^b	2.3^a
显著性 Significance	p(Y)	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.214	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	p(T)	0.000	0.000	0.390	0.479	0.000	0.000	0.591	0.000	0.000	0.000
	p(Y×T)	0.000	0.000	0.998	0.328	0.000	0.000	0.895	0.000	0.000	0.000

月份 Month	土层 Soil layer (cm)	温度 Tem- perature (℃)	湿度 Humidity (%)	pH值 pH value	有机碳 Organic carbon (mg·g^-1)	易提取球囊霉素 Easily extracted glomalin (mg·g^-1)	总球囊霉素 Total glomalin (mg·g^-1)	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (μg·g^-1)	速效磷 Available phospho- rus (μg·g^-1)
6月 June	0-10	27.3^aA	5.8^bC	8.1^aA	2.0^aC	0.4^aB	1.4^aA	34.8^aB	37.5^aC	12.8^aA	3.0^aAB
	10-20	23.5^bA	6.6^aB	8.0^aB	1.0^bC	0.5^aB	1.1^aB	26.1^bB	36.1^aA	6.4^bA	2.5^aA
	20-30	22.3^bcA	5.8^bB	7.8^aAB	0.9^bB	0.5^aB	0.5^bB	25.4^bB	22.8^bB	6.4^bB	2.4^aA
	30-40	21.4^cA	5.9^abB	7.7^aB	0.9^bC	0.4^bB	0.8^bB	24.6^bA	14.5^cB	5.3^bB	2.0^aA
	40-50	21.1^cA	5.2^bB	7.6^aB	0.7^bC	0.3^bB	0.7^bB	24.1^bA	12.1^cC	7.6^bA	2.6^aA
	均值 Mean	23.1^a	5.9^b	7.8^b	1.1^c	0.4^b	0.9^b	27.0^b	24.6^c	7.7^b	2.6^a
8月 August	0-10	21.5^abA	12.6^aB	8.6^aA	3.2^aB	0.5^abB	1.3^bA	37.5^aB	52.0^aB	11.8^aAB	2.5^aB
	10-20	21.0^bA	12.7^aA	8.7^aA	3.1^aB	0.6^aB	1.9^aA	35.4^aA	34.3^bA	7.0^bA	2.5^aA
	20-30	21.1^abA	11.4^aA	8.4^aA	2.2^bB	0.6^aB	1.4^bA	23.1^bB	22.2^cB	9.9^abA	2.6^aA
	30-40	21.5^abA	7.5^bA	8.3^aA	2.1^bB	0.5^abB	1.0^cB	22.4^bA	24.1^cAB	6.4^bAB	2.5^aA
	40-50	21.9^aA	7.6^bA	8.4^aA	2.0^bB	0.4^bB	1.2^abA	17.4^cB	20.3^cB	8.8^bcA	1.8^bB
	均值 Mean	21.4^a	10.2^a	8.5^a	2.5^b	0.5^b	1.4^a	27.2^b	30.6^b	8.8^a	2.4^a
10月 October	0-10	3.2^abB	16.2^aA	7.0^aB	5.8^aA	1.1^aA	1.2^abA	54.2^aA	63.0^aA	9.3^aB	4.0^aA
	10-20	2.8^bB	14.3^{b A}	7.8^aB	5.4^bA	1.2^aA	1.6^aAB	31.5^bA	33.4^bA	7.0^abA	1.7^bA
	20-30	3.3^abB	11.0^cA	7.4^aB	5.5^bA	1.1^aA	1.3^abA	31.9^bA	27.8^cA	5.8^bB	2.0^bA
	30-40	4.3^abB	7.0^dA	7.4^aB	5.0^cA	1.0^aA	1.2^bA	23.7^cA	28.3^cA	8.8^aA	1.6^bB
	40-50	4.4^aB	7.7^dA	7.7^aB	4.9^cA	1.1^aA	1.3^abA	21.6^cA	27.8^cA	7.6^abA	2.4^bA
	均值 Mean	3.6^b	11.2^a	7.7^b	5.3^a	1.1^a	1.3^a	32.6^a	36.1^a	7.7^b	2.3^a
显著性 Significance	p(Y)	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.214	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	p(T)	0.000	0.000	0.390	0.479	0.000	0.000	0.591	0.000	0.000	0.000
	p(Y×T)	0.000	0.000	0.998	0.328	0.000	0.000	0.895	0.000	0.000	0.000

	项目 Item	温度 Tem- perature	湿度 Humidity	pH值 pH value	有机碳 Organic carbon	易提取球囊霉素 Easily extracted glomalin	总球囊霉素 Total glomalin	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	碱解氮 Available nitrogen	速效磷 Available phosphorus
AMF	孢子密度 Spore density	-0.604^*	0.817^**	-0.003	0.735^**	0.393	0.486	0.634^*	0.599^*	0.180	-0.257
	泡囊定殖率Vesicular colonization	-0.729^**	0.636^*	-0.394	0.839^**	0.608^*	0.765^**	0.641^**	0.382	0.230	-0.136
	菌丝定殖率 Hyphal colonization	-0.605^*	0.838^**	0.023	0.839^**	0.553*	0.669^**	0.660^**	0.652^**	0.179	0.170
	丛枝定殖率 Arbuscular colonization	-0.336	0.574^*	-0.030	0.375	0.440	0.483	0.372	0.211	0.134	0.118
	定殖强度 Colonization intensity	-0.616^*	0.734^**	-0.132	0.830^**	0.535^*	0.632^*	0.634^*	0.580^*	0.188	0.148
	总定殖率 Total colonization	-0.718^**	0.837^**	-0.077	0.867^**	0.477	0.579^*	0.721^**	0.578^*	0.226	0.118
DSE	泡囊定殖率Vesicular colonization	0.507	-0.319	-0.264	0.847^**	0.102	0.246	0.694^**	0.554^*	-0.111	0.015
	菌丝定殖率Hyphal colonization	-0.693^**	0.727^**	-0.479	0.473	0.618^*	0.685^**	0.312	0.071	0.302^*	0.209
	微菌核定殖率Microsclerotia colonization	-0.356	0.355	-0.537^*	0.598^*	0.753^**	0.699^**	0.578^*	0.314	0.103	0.206
	定殖强度Colonization intensity	-0.595^*	0.532^*	-0.125	0.702^**	0.591^*	0.495	0.526^*	0.528^*	0.222	0.550^*
	总定殖率 Total colonization	-0.543^*	0.644^**	-0.003	0.735^**	0.526^*	0.684^**	0.634^*	-0.052	0.372^*	0.329