西北荒漠带花棒根际丛枝菌根真菌生态地理分布

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2015年7月, 沿荒漠植物花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)天然分布带, 在内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃选取7个典型样地, 采集花棒根际0-30 cm土层样品, 研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌群落结构变化和土壤因子的生态功能。试验基于形态特征对分离的AM真菌孢子进行分类鉴定, 共分离鉴定AM真菌6属42种。群落结构分析表明不同样地的AM真菌群落结构差异显著, 土壤因子对AM真菌群落有重要影响。由东到西随干旱程度加剧, AM真菌种丰度、孢子密度、Shannon-Wiener指数逐渐降低。共有种孢子密度由东向西逐渐降低, 但在群落中所占比例逐渐增加。同一样地不同AM真菌种属、不同样地同一种属的AM真菌孢子密度不同。相关性分析结果显示土壤有机碳、pH值、氨态氮和有效磷对AM真菌影响显著, 土壤湿度对AM真菌影响极显著。结果表明花棒根际AM真菌群落结构和物种多样性具有明显的空间异质性, 并与土壤因子关系密切, 其中土壤湿度对AM真菌生态分布的影响最明显。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 物种多样性, 空间分布, 花棒, 西北荒漠

Abstract:

Aims To understand the ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with Hedysarum scoparium in semi-arid and arid lands, species diversity and ecological distribution of AM fungi associated with Hedysarum scoparium were elucidated in a desert ecosystem of northwestern China.

Methods Soil samples (0–30 cm depth) under Hedysarum scopariumis were collected at seven different sites (Ordos, Wuhai, Dengkou, Alxa, Shapotou, Minqin, Anxi) in northwest China in July 2015. Based on the morphological characteristics of spores, AM fungi were identified, and redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to distinguish among different groups. Furthermore, the relationship between species diversity of AM fungi and soil factors were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Important findings A total of 42 AM fungal species belonging to six genera were isolated. Among these, 16 species belong to Glomus,17 to Acaulospora four to Claroideoglomus,two to Septoglomus,two to Funneliformis and one to Scutellospora.The abundance, spore density and Shannon-Wiener index of AM fungi decreased gradually along the aridity gradient from east to west. Spore density of AM fungi of different species in the same site were different, and those of the same species in different sites were also different. Soil organic matter, pH,ammonia, and available phosphorus had significant effects on AM fungi. The results showed that the species diversity and distribution of AM fungi have obvious spatial patterns, and were influenced by soil factors, among which soil moisture was the most significant factor.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi, species diversity, spatial distribution, Hedysarum scoparium, desert zone of northwestern China

刘海跃, 李欣玫, 张琳琳, 王姣姣, 贺学礼. 西北荒漠带花棒根际丛枝菌根真菌生态地理分布. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(2): 252-260. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0138

LIU Hai-Yue, LI Xin-Mei, ZHANG Lin-Lin, WANG Jiao-Jiao, HE Xue-Li. Eco-geographical distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Hedysarum scoparium in the desert zone of northwestern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(2): 252-260. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0138

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0138

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I2/252

图/表 8

参考文献 43

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样地 Site	海拔 Altitude (m)	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	土壤温度 Soil temperature (°C)	土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)
鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态研究观测站 Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station	1 269.0	39.19° N, 110.11° E	23.40 ± 0.21	9.81 ± 0.05
乌海海勃湾区 Wuhai Haibowan District	1 150.0	39.49° N, 106.49° E	30.54 ± 0.32	5.71 ± 0.07
磴口阿敦乌苏 Dengkou Aton Usu	1 030.0	40.39° N, 106.74° E	22.14 ± 0.23	4.67 ± 0.06
阿拉善木仁高勒苏木 Mu Ren Gao Le Su Mu, Alxa League	1 295.0	39.10° N, 105.52° E	28.06 ± 0.45	7.29 ± 0.04
沙坡头沙漠试验研究站 Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station	2 027.5	37.27° N, 104.59° E	40.05 ± 0.51	6.34 ± 0.09
民勤连古城国家级自然保护区 Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve	1 400.0	39.00° N, 102.37° E	29.35 ± 0.22	4.48 ± 0.05
安西极旱荒漠自然保护区 Anxi Extreme-Arid Desert National Nature	1 514.0	40.20° N, 096.50° E	27.66 ± 0.37	1.37 ± 0.02

样地 Site	海拔 Altitude (m)	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	土壤温度 Soil temperature (°C)	土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)
鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态研究观测站 Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station	1 269.0	39.19° N, 110.11° E	23.40 ± 0.21	9.81 ± 0.05
乌海海勃湾区 Wuhai Haibowan District	1 150.0	39.49° N, 106.49° E	30.54 ± 0.32	5.71 ± 0.07
磴口阿敦乌苏 Dengkou Aton Usu	1 030.0	40.39° N, 106.74° E	22.14 ± 0.23	4.67 ± 0.06
阿拉善木仁高勒苏木 Mu Ren Gao Le Su Mu, Alxa League	1 295.0	39.10° N, 105.52° E	28.06 ± 0.45	7.29 ± 0.04
沙坡头沙漠试验研究站 Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station	2 027.5	37.27° N, 104.59° E	40.05 ± 0.51	6.34 ± 0.09
民勤连古城国家级自然保护区 Minqin Liangucheng National Nature Reserve	1 400.0	39.00° N, 102.37° E	29.35 ± 0.22	4.48 ± 0.05
安西极旱荒漠自然保护区 Anxi Extreme-Arid Desert National Nature	1 514.0	40.20° N, 096.50° E	27.66 ± 0.37	1.37 ± 0.02

AM真菌 AM fungi	鄂尔多斯 Ordos	乌海 Wuhai	磴口 Dengkou	阿拉善 Alxa	沙坡头 Shapotou	民勤 Minqin	安西 Anxi
凹坑无梗囊霉 Acaulospora excavata	1.00	5.33	1.67	2.33	0.33	0.33	-
刺无梗囊霉 Acaulospora spinosa	-	-	0.33	0.33	-	-	-
附柄无梗囊霉 Acaulospora appendicola	-	1.33	-	-	0.33	-	-
光壁无梗囊霉 Acaulospora laevis	2.33	0.33	3.67	1.33	0.67	2.33	-
孔窝无梗囊霉 Acaulospora foveata	2.33	3.00	0.67	6.33	4.33	2.00	-
毛氏无梗囊霉 Acaulospora morrowae	7.33	-	3.67	1.67	3.67	5.00	1.33
蜜色无梗囊霉 Acaulospora mellea	5.67	9.00	1.67	2.00	3.00	4.33	-
膨胀无梗囊霉 Acaulospora dilatata	0.67	4.00	-	0.33	0.67	-	-
浅窝无梗囊霉 Acaulospora lacunosa	14.33	4.67	1.33	1.00	0.33	-	-
疣状无梗囊霉 Acaulospora tuberculata	0.67	-	-	0.33	-	-	-
瑞氏无梗囊霉 Acaulospora rehmii	17.00	-	2.33	8.33	3.00	4.33	7.67
双网无梗囊霉 Acaulospora bireticulata	3.33	9.67	2.67	3.33	0.67	7.67	0.33
细凹无梗囊霉 Acaulospora scrobiculata	0.67	13.67	-	0.33	0.67	0.67	-
细齿无梗囊霉 Acaulospora denticulate	1.00	0.33	-	2.00	0.33	-	-
皱壁无梗囊霉 Acaulospora rugosa	-	-	0.33	-	0.33	0.33	-
Acaulospora sp. 1	1.00	-	0.67	-	-	-	-
Acaulospora sp. 2	-	0.33	-	-	-	-	-
Acaulospora sp. 3	3.00	-	0.67	15.33	4.33	0.33	0.67
层状近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus lamellosum	17.00	7.33	6.67	28.33	8.00	2.67	-
近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus claroideum	7.00	3.33	1.33	0.67	3.67	0.67	-
黄近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus luteum	2.00	0.33	0.33	1.00	0.67	1.33	-
幼套近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus etunicatum	0.33	1.00	-	8.33	1.33	0.67	-
地管柄囊霉 Funneliformis geosporum	0.67	-	0.67	1.33	0.33	-	-
摩西管柄囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	6.33	0.67	-	0.67	0.33	1.00	-
道氏球囊霉 Glomus dominikii	2.33	-	0.33	8.00	4.33	7.67	_
地表球囊霉 Glomus versiforme	1.67	-	-	0.33	1.33	1.00	-
多梗球囊霉 Glomus multicaule	5.33	6.00	2.67	29.67	7.00	2.00	-
黑球囊霉 Glomus melanosporum	1.00	3.33	-	-	3.00	0.67	-
聚丛球囊霉 Glomus aggregatum	0.33	-	0.33	-	-	-	-
聚集球囊霉 Glomus glomorulatum	1.67	4.67	-	0.67	1.33	0.67	-
卷曲球囊霉 Glomus convolutum	3.67	1.33	0.33	1.67	1.00	0.33	0.67
宽柄球囊霉 Glomus magnicaule	-	1.00	-	-	0.33	6.67	1.00
膨果球囊霉 Glomus pansihalos	3.00	0.33	5.33	21.67	6.00	0.33	-
透光球囊霉 Glomus diaphanum	0.33	0.67	4.67	0.67	0.33	-	-
网状球囊霉 Glomus reticulatum	31.33	6.00	15.67	19.00	9.00	13.00	4.00
微丛球囊霉 Glomus microaggregatum	2.00	1.67	1.67	0.67	-	0.33	-
隐球囊霉 Glomus occultum	2.33	-	3.00	1.33	-	1.33	0.33
粘质球囊霉 Glomus viscosum	3.33	1.00	1.00	8.33	1.67	-	-
Glomus sp. 1	-	1.00	0.33	1.00	-	-	-
美丽盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospara calospora	0.33	0.33	-	0.33	0.33	0.33	-
沙荒缩管柄囊霉 Septoglomus deserticola	6.67	3.33	2.00	8.00	4.00	7.00	5.67
缩管柄囊霉 Septoglomus constrictum	0.33	3.33	-	3.67	0.67	-	1.33
种数 Number of species	36	30	28	35	34	28	10

AM真菌 AM fungi	鄂尔多斯 Ordos	乌海 Wuhai	磴口 Dengkou	阿拉善 Alxa	沙坡头 Shapotou	民勤 Minqin	安西 Anxi
凹坑无梗囊霉 Acaulospora excavata	1.00	5.33	1.67	2.33	0.33	0.33	-
刺无梗囊霉 Acaulospora spinosa	-	-	0.33	0.33	-	-	-
附柄无梗囊霉 Acaulospora appendicola	-	1.33	-	-	0.33	-	-
光壁无梗囊霉 Acaulospora laevis	2.33	0.33	3.67	1.33	0.67	2.33	-
孔窝无梗囊霉 Acaulospora foveata	2.33	3.00	0.67	6.33	4.33	2.00	-
毛氏无梗囊霉 Acaulospora morrowae	7.33	-	3.67	1.67	3.67	5.00	1.33
蜜色无梗囊霉 Acaulospora mellea	5.67	9.00	1.67	2.00	3.00	4.33	-
膨胀无梗囊霉 Acaulospora dilatata	0.67	4.00	-	0.33	0.67	-	-
浅窝无梗囊霉 Acaulospora lacunosa	14.33	4.67	1.33	1.00	0.33	-	-
疣状无梗囊霉 Acaulospora tuberculata	0.67	-	-	0.33	-	-	-
瑞氏无梗囊霉 Acaulospora rehmii	17.00	-	2.33	8.33	3.00	4.33	7.67
双网无梗囊霉 Acaulospora bireticulata	3.33	9.67	2.67	3.33	0.67	7.67	0.33
细凹无梗囊霉 Acaulospora scrobiculata	0.67	13.67	-	0.33	0.67	0.67	-
细齿无梗囊霉 Acaulospora denticulate	1.00	0.33	-	2.00	0.33	-	-
皱壁无梗囊霉 Acaulospora rugosa	-	-	0.33	-	0.33	0.33	-
Acaulospora sp. 1	1.00	-	0.67	-	-	-	-
Acaulospora sp. 2	-	0.33	-	-	-	-	-
Acaulospora sp. 3	3.00	-	0.67	15.33	4.33	0.33	0.67
层状近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus lamellosum	17.00	7.33	6.67	28.33	8.00	2.67	-
近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus claroideum	7.00	3.33	1.33	0.67	3.67	0.67	-
黄近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus luteum	2.00	0.33	0.33	1.00	0.67	1.33	-
幼套近明囊霉 Claroideoglomus etunicatum	0.33	1.00	-	8.33	1.33	0.67	-
地管柄囊霉 Funneliformis geosporum	0.67	-	0.67	1.33	0.33	-	-
摩西管柄囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	6.33	0.67	-	0.67	0.33	1.00	-
道氏球囊霉 Glomus dominikii	2.33	-	0.33	8.00	4.33	7.67	_
地表球囊霉 Glomus versiforme	1.67	-	-	0.33	1.33	1.00	-
多梗球囊霉 Glomus multicaule	5.33	6.00	2.67	29.67	7.00	2.00	-
黑球囊霉 Glomus melanosporum	1.00	3.33	-	-	3.00	0.67	-
聚丛球囊霉 Glomus aggregatum	0.33	-	0.33	-	-	-	-
聚集球囊霉 Glomus glomorulatum	1.67	4.67	-	0.67	1.33	0.67	-
卷曲球囊霉 Glomus convolutum	3.67	1.33	0.33	1.67	1.00	0.33	0.67
宽柄球囊霉 Glomus magnicaule	-	1.00	-	-	0.33	6.67	1.00
膨果球囊霉 Glomus pansihalos	3.00	0.33	5.33	21.67	6.00	0.33	-
透光球囊霉 Glomus diaphanum	0.33	0.67	4.67	0.67	0.33	-	-
网状球囊霉 Glomus reticulatum	31.33	6.00	15.67	19.00	9.00	13.00	4.00
微丛球囊霉 Glomus microaggregatum	2.00	1.67	1.67	0.67	-	0.33	-
隐球囊霉 Glomus occultum	2.33	-	3.00	1.33	-	1.33	0.33
粘质球囊霉 Glomus viscosum	3.33	1.00	1.00	8.33	1.67	-	-
Glomus sp. 1	-	1.00	0.33	1.00	-	-	-
美丽盾巨孢囊霉 Scutellospara calospora	0.33	0.33	-	0.33	0.33	0.33	-
沙荒缩管柄囊霉 Septoglomus deserticola	6.67	3.33	2.00	8.00	4.00	7.00	5.67
缩管柄囊霉 Septoglomus constrictum	0.33	3.33	-	3.67	0.67	-	1.33
种数 Number of species	36	30	28	35	34	28	10

环境因子Environmental factor	种丰度 Species richness	孢子密度 Spore density	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	易提取球囊霉素 Easily extractable glomalin	总提取球囊霉素 Total extractable glomalin
SOC	0.271	-0.511^*	0.347	0.338.	-0.512^*	-0.435^*
AP	0.386	0.051	0.537^*	0.532^*	0.283	0.302
AN	0.275	0.637^**	0.215	0.170	0.309	0.256
pH	0.411	-0.725^**	0.303	0.275	-0.764^**	-0.751^**
ST	0.030	-0.305	0.158	0.188	-0.090	0.055
SH	0.787^**	0.581^**	0.688^**	0.608^**	0.563^**	0.664^**
LA	0.762^**	-0.381	0.772^**	0.718^**	0.504^*	0.518^*