光照、水深交互作用对松嫩湿地芦苇种子萌发的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

莫莫格国家级自然保护区位于松嫩平原西部, 以保护白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)等珍稀水禽及其栖息地为主要目的。扁秆藨草(Scirpus planiculmis)是莫莫格湿地的重要植物, 也是白鹤在该区停栖的主要食源植物。莫莫格湿地水文恢复后, 芦苇(Phragmites australis)等高大挺水植物大量出现, 阻碍了扁秆藨草的恢复。种子萌发是植物生活史的重要阶段, 对于认识野外植物群落动态和植被管理十分重要。该研究在人工气候箱模拟野外环境条件, 分析了光照(全光、遮阴、黑暗)、水深(0、5、15和30 cm)及其交互作用对芦苇种子萌发的影响。结果表明: 光照和水深变化明显影响芦苇种子的萌发; 最终萌发比例在遮阴和黑暗条件下明显比在全光下高, 在3种光照处理下较深水位(5-30 cm)均抑制了芦苇种子的萌发。芦苇种子萌发也明显受光照和水深交互作用的影响; 在全光条件下, 萌发比例在0 cm水深(86.67% ± 2.36%)显著高于其他较深水位; 在遮阴和黑暗环境下, 0 cm水深与其他水深处理间的差异明显缩小, 这应是在遮阴和黑暗条件下(不考虑水深)萌发比例较高的重要原因。因此, 在芦苇建群初期, 及时进行清除处理并保持一定地表水位可以限制芦苇通过有性繁殖更新, 同时改善地表光辐射等生境条件, 促进扁秆藨草恢复。

关键词: 光照, 莫莫格湿地, 芦苇, 种子萌发, 水深

Abstract: Aims

Excessive growth of undesired plants, including ruderal natives and tall wetland species, posts great threat to wetland restoration. In this study, we examined the seed germination of Phragmites australis, an undesired species, to evaluate its impact on the restoration of desired Scirpus planiculmis and to provide scientific basis for vegetation management in Momoge wetland.

Methods

The germination experiment was conducted in incubators to examine the effects of light intensity (full light, green shade and dark environment) and water depth (0, 5, 15 and 30 cm), based on field observation, on seed germination of P. australis.

Important findings

Percentage germination of P. australis was significantly higher under “green shade” or “dark” environment than under “full light”. The species had the highest germination rate (86.67% ± 2.36%) at 0 cm water depth under the three light conditions. The interaction between light intensity and water depth on seed germination was significant (p < 0.05) indicating that under different light conditions, increase of water depth decreased seed germination rates at different degrees. We recommend to remove the litter and P. australis to increase light penetration, and to maintain a stable water depth for effectively inhibiting the regeneration of Phragmites and enhance the restoration of S. planiculmis.

Key words: light condition, Momoge wetland, Phragmites australis, seed germination, water depth

刘波, 吕宪国, 姜明, 张文广, 武海涛. 光照、水深交互作用对松嫩湿地芦苇种子萌发的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0059

LIU Bo,LÜ Xian-Guo,JIANG Ming,ZHANG Wen-Guang,WU Hai-Tao. Effects of light and water depth on seed germination of Phragmites australis in the wetlands of Songnen Plain. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(6): 616-620. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0059

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0059

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I6/616

图/表 3

图1 芦苇种子萌发特征在不同光照和水深下的变化。A, 全光。B, 遮阴。C, 黑暗。

Fig. 1 Accumulative percentage in seed germination of Phragmites australis through time responding to light and water depth conditions. A, Full light. B, Green shade. C, Full dark.

图2 光照和水深条件对芦苇种子萌发的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Comparisons of light (A) and water depth (B) on seed germination rates of Phragmites australis (mean ± SE). Differ- ent lower-case letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

图3 不同光照条件下水深变化对芦苇种子萌发的影响(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparisons of water depth on the final germination rates of Phragmites australis at full light, green shade and full dark conditions (mean ± SE). Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

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