植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1087-1094.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0072

所属专题: 青藏高原植物生态学:植被生态学 青藏高原植物生态学:数据论文

• 资料论文 • 上一篇    

中国西北针茅草原的基本群落特征

陆帅志1,2, 乔鲜果1,2, 赵利清3, 王孜1,2, 高趁光4, 王静1,2, 郭柯1,2,*()   

  1. 1中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    3内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 呼和浩特 010021
    4莱顿大学环境学院, 莱顿 2333CC
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-17 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-09-03
  • 通讯作者: 郭柯
  • 作者简介:*guoke@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助(2019QZKK0301);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY210200)

Basic characteristics of Stipa sareptana var. krylovii communities in China

LU Shuai-Zhi1,2, QIAO Xian-Guo1,2, ZHAO Li-Qing3, WANG Zi1,2, GAO Chen-Guang4, WANG Jing1,2, GUO Ke1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
    4Institute of Environmental Sciences, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden 2333CC, The Netherlands
  • Received:2020-03-17 Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-09-03
  • Contact: GUO Ke
  • Supported by:
    Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0301);Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China(2019HJ2096001006);National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015FY210200)

摘要:

西北针茅(Stipa sareptana var. krylovii)群系是亚洲中部地区特有的典型草原之一, 也是生态适应性最广的草原类型, 向东可以在呼伦贝尔高原与草甸草原重叠分布, 向西可以在乌兰察布高原、天山等地区与荒漠草原形成复合分布, 向南可分布至黄土高原与暖温带草原镶嵌分布, 还可在青藏高原的东缘与高寒草原混生。该研究调查了中国西北针茅群系的主要植被类型, 通过对117个样地的调查数据分析, 量化描述了该群系的基本群落特征。结果表明, 中国西北针茅群系共有种子植物336种, 分属于36科131属, 物种数大于15的科有禾本科、菊科、豆科、蔷薇科、藜科和百合科; 物种存在度等级划分中, I级(0-20%)植物占比91.67%, 多为群落中的偶见种或稀有种, 最为常见的植物除西北针茅外, 也有糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、阿尔泰狗娃花(Heteropappus altaicus)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、 草(Koeleria cristata)、二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、细叶韭(Allium tenuissimum)和羊草(Leymus chinensis)等; 生活型组成上以地面芽植物最多, 占66.37%; 水分生态类型以旱生植物最多, 占61.19%; 区系地理成分以东古北极植物占优势, 占33.33%。基于群落学-生态学分类原则, 将西北针茅群系划分为6个群丛组, 45个群丛。

关键词: 西北针茅, 生活型, 区系地理成分, 群落分类

Abstract:

Stipa sareptana var. krylovii alliance is one of the typical steppes endemic to Central Asia. The eastern border of its distribution is adjacent to the meadow steppes on the Hulunbeir Plateau, the western border extends to the desert steppes on the Ulanqabu Plateau and Tianshan Mountains, and the southern border lies among the warm temperate steppes on the Loess Plateau. The distribution of this alliance also spreads into the alpine steppes on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The broad its distribution suggests that S. sareptana var. krylovii alliance has wide ecological adaptability. In this study, we described and analyzed the eco-geographical distribution, community characteristics and classification of S. sareptana var. krylovii alliance based on data from 117 plots. The results showed that there are 336 seed plants belonging to 36 families and 131 genera in these plots. The families with more than 15 species are Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Liliaceae. Among all species in these plots, 91.67% are rare species with occurrence frequency smaller than 20%. Besides S. sareptana var. krylovii, the most common species in this alliance include Cleistogenes squarrosa, Heteropappus altaicus, Agropyron cristatum, Koeleria cristata, Potentilla bifurca, Salsola collina, Allium tenuissimum and Leymus chinensis. In addition, hemicryptophytes are the most common life form within the surveyed plots, accounting for 66.37% of all species. Xerophytes are the most common water ecological type, accounting for 61.19% of all species. East Palearctic element was the major floristic geographical element, accounting for 33.33% of all species. Based on the China Vegetation Classification System, S. sareptana var. krylovii alliance could be classified into 6 association groups and further into 45 associations.

Key words: Stipa sareptana var. krylovii, life form, floristic geographical element, community classification