极端干旱后喀斯特树木水力功能恢复动态及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0424

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2004-2014.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0424 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0424

所属专题：虚拟专辑 | 干旱响应与适应 | 整合生物学期刊集群跨刊组建

极端干旱后喀斯特树木水力功能恢复动态及其影响因素

贾慧琳¹^,²^,³, 倪隆康²^,³, 秦佳双²^,³, 廖苏慧²^,³, 谭羽²^,³, 何佳懿¹^,²^,³, 顾大形²^,³^,^*()

¹广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541006
²广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林城市生态系统定位观测研究站, 广西桂林 541006
³生态环境部生态质量综合监测站广西桂林城市站(城市), 广西桂林漓江站(森林), 广西桂林 541006

收稿日期:2024-11-26 接受日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-25
通讯作者: *顾大形(E-gudaxing2008@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32060243)

Dynamics of hydraulic function recovery of karst trees following extreme drought and its influencing factors

JIA Hui-Lin¹^,²^,³, NI Long-Kang²^,³, QIN Jia-Shuang²^,³, LIAO Su-Hui²^,³, TAN Yu²^,³, HE Jia-Yi¹^,²^,³, GU Da-Xing²^,³^,^*()

¹College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
²Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Guilin Urban Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
³Guangxi Guilin Lijiang River Station (Forest Type) of Ecological Quality Comprehensive Monitoring Station of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangxi Guilin Urban Station (City Type), Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China

Received:2024-11-26 Accepted:2025-04-03 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060243)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着气候变化, 全球极端干旱事件频发, 迫切需要了解树木在遭遇极端干旱之后的恢复能力和影响因素。该研究选取广西桂林喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林中7个优势树种, 分析各树种木质部输水功能在极端干旱末期及干旱后的动态差异及其与木质部特征、环境因子的相关关系。发现: (1)在极端干旱末期, 除樟(Cinnamomum camphora)外, 其他树种的木质部水力导度丧失百分率(PLC)均高于或接近50%, 最高达87.92%。极端干旱末期所有树种的PLC随木质部饱和含水率(SWC)增加而线性降低, 散孔材树种的PLC与木质部密度(WD)和SWC分别存在显著的正相关和负相关关系, 说明木质部储水能力是极端干旱下喀斯特树木输水功能的重要影响因素。(2)光蜡树(Fraxinus griffithii) PLC在极端干旱结束次年春季才出现首次显著降低, 新导管形成可能是其极端干旱后输水功能恢复的策略; 而南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)与麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、青冈(Quercus glauca)、黄梨木(Boniodendron minius)和灰岩润楠(Machilus calcicola) PLC分别在极端干旱结束第3天和第13天出现PLC的首次显著降低, 栓塞导管的再充水可能是这些树种恢复输水功能的策略。(3)极端干旱事件结束后, 所有树种后6次采样时PLC较上一次的恢复程度与当次采样前3日内饱和水汽压差(VPD)均值呈显著的正相关关系, 说明土壤水分条件恢复后, 空气干燥程度对极端干旱后喀斯特树木水力功能恢复具有重要影响。(4)极端干旱后的恢复过程中, 多个树种出现接近甚至高于极端干旱末期的栓塞程度, 表现出明显的栓塞疲劳现象, 环孔材树种的栓塞疲劳程度整体高于散孔材树种。

关键词: 水力导度, 自然恢复, 木质部储水能力, 空气干旱, 栓塞疲劳

Abstract:

Aims Global climate change is exacerbating the frequency of extreme drought events, underscoring the critical need to understand the resilience of trees and the factors influencing their recovery following these events.

Methods Seven dominant tree species in karst evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in Guilin, Guangxi, were selected to analyze the dynamic differences of xylem water transport function and its correlation with xylem characteristics and environmental factors at the end of extreme drought and after drought.

Important findings (1) With the exception of Cinnamomum camphora, all the studied tree species showed a percentage loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity (PLC) exceeding or approximating 50% at the end of extreme drought, with a maximum value of 87.92%. Across all the species, PLC demonstrated a linear decrease in relation to increasing xylem saturation water content at the end of extreme drought. Furthermore, PLC of porous species was significantly and positively correlated with xylem density (WD), but negatively with xylem saturation water content (SWC), indicating that xylem water storage capacity plays a crucial role in influencing the water transport function of karst trees under extreme drought conditions. (2) Following an extreme drought event, PLC in Fraxinus griffithii significantly increased in the subsequent spring. This suggests that the formation of new xylem vessels may be a critical mechanism for restoring water transport function in this species. In contrast, Choerospondias axillaris, Quercus acutissima, Quercus glauca, Boniodendron minius, and Machilus calcicola exhibited a significant increase in PLC within 3 and 13 days post-drought, respectively. For these species, the refilling of embolized xylem vessels appears to be the primary strategy for recovering water transport capacity. (3) Following an extreme drought event, the recovery degree of PLC in all tree species, measured over the final six sampling periods, exhibited a significant positive correlation with the mean saturated water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) within three days preceding each sampling, indicating the degree of atmospheric aridity significantly influenced the hydraulic function recovery of karst trees after soil moisture replenishment. (4) During the recovery process after extreme drought, most tree species showed embolism levels comparable to, or exceeding, those observed at the drought’s culmination. The ring-porous species demonstrated a greater degree embolism fatigue compared to diffuse-porous species.

Key words: hydraulic conductance, spontaneous recovery, xylem water storage capacity, air drought, embolic fatigue

贾慧琳, 倪隆康, 秦佳双, 廖苏慧, 谭羽, 何佳懿, 顾大形. 极端干旱后喀斯特树木水力功能恢复动态及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2004-2014. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0424

JIA Hui-Lin, NI Long-Kang, QIN Jia-Shuang, LIAO Su-Hui, TAN Yu, HE Jia-Yi, GU Da-Xing. Dynamics of hydraulic function recovery of karst trees following extreme drought and its influencing factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2004-2014. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0424

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0424

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2004

图/表 9

图1 2022年与2000-2021年月降水量与月平均气温。Ra, 2022年月降水量; Rh, 2000-2021年历史同期降水量; Ta, 2022年月平均气温; Th, 2000-2021年历史同期气温。

Fig. 1 Monthly precipitation and average monthly air temperature in 2022 and 2000-2021, respectively. Ra, monthly precipitation in 2022; Rh, historical precipitation in 2000-2021; Ta, average air monthly temperature in 2022; Th, historical air temperature in 2000-2021.

图2 监测期内灵川县月度标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)。

Fig. 2 Monthly Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of Lingchuan Country during the monitoring period.

图3 采样地2022年11月至2023年11月的日平均气温(Ta)、日平均饱和水汽压差(VPD)、日平均土壤含水率(Ws)和日降水量(Ra)。

Fig. 3 Daily average air temperature (Ta), daily average saturated vapor pressure deficit (VPD), daily average soil moisture content (Ws) and daily precipitation (Ra) at the sampling site from November 2022 to November 2023.

表1 灵川县喀斯特树种采样信息

Table 1 Sampling information of karst tree species in Lingchuan County

物种 Species	代码 Code	生活型 Life form	材性 Material properties
麻栎 Quercus acutissima	Qa	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree	环孔材 Ring porous wood
南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	Ca
光蜡树 Fraxinus griffithii	Fg
青冈 Quercus glauca	Qg	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree	散孔材 Diffuse porous wood
灰岩润楠 Machilus calcicola	Mc
黄梨木 Boniodendron minius	Bm
樟 Cinnamomum camphora	Cc

图4 极端干旱后喀斯特地区7个树种木质部栓塞程度的动态变化(平均值±标准误)。PLC, 木质部水力导度丧失百分率。图中不同大写英文字母表示不同时间各树种种内木质部栓塞程度差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写英文字母表示不同树种在同一时间种间木质部栓塞程度差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Dynamic changes in the degree of xylem embolism among seven tree species in karst regions after extreme drought (mean ± SE). PLC, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity. Different uppercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences in the degree of xylem embolism within each tree species at different times (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the degree of xylem embolism between different tree species at the same time (p < 0.05).

图5 极端干旱末期木质部栓塞程度与木质部特征的关系。BT, 树皮厚度; Ks, 木质部最大水力导度; PLC, 木质部水力导度丧失百分率; SWC, 木质部饱和含水率; WD, 木质部密度。物种名见表1。

Fig. 5 Relationship between xylem embolism degree and xylem characteristics at the end of extreme drought. BT, bark thickness; Ks, maximum hydraulic conductivity of xylem; PLC, Percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity; SWC, saturated water content of xylem; WD, xylem density. Species names are shown in Table 1.

表2 木质部栓塞恢复率与木质部特征的相关性分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis between xylem embolism recovery rate and xylem characteristics

恢复率/木质部特征 Recovery rate/xylem characteristics		WD	K_S	BT	SWC
短期恢复率 Short-term recovery rate	环孔材 Ring porous wood	-0.334	0.042	-0.348	0.435
	散孔材 Diffuse porous wood	0.284	-0.611	-0.571	-0.545
	所有树种 All tree species	0.001	0.096	-0.232	0.068
长期平均恢复率 Long-term average recovery rate	环孔材 Ring porous wood	-0.136	0.244	-0.150	0.244
	散孔材 Diffuse porous wood	0.508	-0.077	-0.927	-0.664
	所有树种 All tree species	0.212	0.057	-0.246	-0.245

图6 广西桂林喀斯特地区7个树种木质部水力导度丧失百分率(PLC)较上次测量的平均恢复程度(D-PLC)与PLC测量前3日内饱和水汽压差(VPD)均值(A-VPD)与土壤含水率均值(A-Ws)的关系。PLC较上次测量的恢复程度计算方法是: 当次PLC -上次PLC, 正值表示当次PLC高于上次PLC, 负值表示当次PLC低于上次PLC。

Fig. 6 Relationship between the average degree of recovery of percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) (D-PLC) of the seven tree species of karst area in Guilin, Guangxi compared with the last measurement and the mean saturated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (A-VPD) and soil moisture content (A-Ws) in the 3 days before PLC measurement. The degree of recovery of the PLC compared to the last measurement is calculated as follows: current PLC - last PLC, a positive value means that the current PLC is higher than the last PLC, and a negative value means that the current PLC is lower than the last PLC.

图7 长期平均恢复率(LAR)与木质部水力导度丧失百分率(PLC)变异系数(CV)的关系。长期平均恢复率: 干旱结束后6次测量的栓塞恢复率的平均值。物种名见表1。

Fig. 7 Relationship between long-term average recovery rate (LAR) and coefficient of variation (CV) of percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC). Long-term average recovery rate, the average of the embolism recovery rates measured six times after the end of the drought. The species names are shown in Table 1.

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极端干旱后喀斯特树木水力功能恢复动态及其影响因素

Dynamics of hydraulic function recovery of karst trees following extreme drought and its influencing factors

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