东阿拉善绵刺荒漠的分类与群落特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0392

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)为阿拉善荒漠的重要建群种和古特有种, 是国家二级重点保护植物。研究绵刺群落的分类和群落特征, 可为该种的保护与长期监测提供数据支撑。该研究在东阿拉善地区调查了14个样地, 通过样方法进行群落数量特征研究。结果表明: (1)调查的绵刺群落共记录到48种植物, 隶属14科39属, 以禾本科、苋科、菊科和豆科占优势; 生活型以一、二年生草本种类最多, 占总物种数的33.33%, 多年生草本(25.00%)、灌木(20.83%)、半灌木(20.83%)比例接近, 但灌木为群落的优势层片; 水分生态类型以旱生植物为主, 占总物种数的79.17%, 其中强旱生植物占35.42%, 反映出强烈干旱的气候特征; 区系地理成分以戈壁种和戈壁-蒙古种为主, 分别占29.16%和22.92%, 体现了荒漠植被的区系特点。(2)根据生活型和优势度将东阿拉善绵刺荒漠划分为4个群丛组: 绵刺-草本荒漠、绵刺+灌木-草本荒漠、绵刺+灌木荒漠、绵刺-半灌木-草本荒漠, 进一步划分为13个群丛。

关键词: 东阿拉善, 绵刺, 群落特征, 群落分类

Abstract:

Potaninia mongolica is an important constructive species and paleoendemic species in the Alxa desert, and it is a national secondary key protected plant species in China. Investigating the characteristics of the natural communities of Potaninia mongolia and its community classification can provide data support for the conservation and long-term monitoring of this species. In this study, 14 plots were investigated in eastern Alxa, and the quantitative characteristics of communities were studied by quadrat method. The results showed that: (1) A total of 48 plants species were recorded in the investigated communities, belonging to 39 genera of 14 families, dominated by Gramineae, Amaranthaceae, Compositae and Leguminosae. Annual or biennial herbaceous species were the dominant life form, accounting for 33.33% of the total species. Perennial herbs (25.00%), shrubs (20.83%) and semi-shrubs (20.83%) had similar proportions, but shrubs constituted the dominant layer of the community. Xerophytes are the primary water ecological type, accounting for 79.17% of the total species, of which strong xerophytes accounted for 35.42%, reflecting the climatic characteristics of intense aridity. Gobi species and gobi-Mongolia species dominate the floristic geographic elements, accounting for 29.16% and 22.92%, respectively, reflecting the floristic characteristics of desert vegetation. (2) According to the coexisting life forms and the degree of dominance, Potaninia mongolica desert in eastern Alxa was classified into four Association Groups: Potaninia mongolica - Herb Desert Association Group, Potaninia mongolica + Shrub - Herb Desert Association Group, Potaninia mongolica + Shrub Desert Association Group, Potaninia mongolica - Semi-shrub - Herb Desert Association Group, which were further divided into 13 Associations.

Key words: eastern Alxa, Potaninia mongolica, community characteristics, community classification

都兰, 李晓田, 王铁娟, 张丽. 东阿拉善绵刺荒漠的分类与群落特征. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2166-2174. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0392

DU Lan, LI Xiao-Tian, WANG Tie-Juan, ZHANG Li. Classification and community characteristics of Potaninia mongolica desert in eastern Alxa, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2166-2174. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0392

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0392

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2166

图/表 3

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样地编号 Plot number	地点 Location	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	群丛类型 Association type
P1	鄂尔多斯杭锦旗巴拉贡 Balagong, Hangjin Banner, Ordos	40.27	107.20	1 179	IX
P2	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗巴彦诺日公 Bayan Nuorigong, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.80	105.06	1 387	XIII
P3	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗乌兰陶勒盖 Ulan Tolgoi, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.84	105.06	1 397	I
P4	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗多尔勒吉 Duo’erleji, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.18	104.81	1 294	IV
P5	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇碱柜村 Jiangui Village, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	39.94	106.76	1 054	VIII
P6	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗苏木图高勒 Sumt Gol, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.14	105.65	1 320	V
P7	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗苏木图高勒 Sumt Gol, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.07	105.66	1 320	XI
P8	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇 Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.05	106.78	1 090	VI
P9	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇伊克布拉格 Yikebulage, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.07	106.92	1 158	VII
P10	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇章古塔拉 Zhanggutala, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.11	106.86	1 061	XII
P11	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇伊克乌苏 Yik Wusu, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.58	106.21	1 379	II
P12	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇乌兰呼都格 Ulan Huduge, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.69	106.00	1 319	X
P13	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇乌兰呼都格 Ulan Huduge, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.68	106.06	1 418	Ⅲ
P14	巴彦淖尔乌拉特后旗巴音前达门苏木 Bayin Qiandamen Sum, Urad Rear Banner, Bayannur	41.74	107.00	1 267	VII

样地编号 Plot number	地点 Location	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	群丛类型 Association type
P1	鄂尔多斯杭锦旗巴拉贡 Balagong, Hangjin Banner, Ordos	40.27	107.20	1 179	IX
P2	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗巴彦诺日公 Bayan Nuorigong, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.80	105.06	1 387	XIII
P3	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗乌兰陶勒盖 Ulan Tolgoi, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.84	105.06	1 397	I
P4	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗多尔勒吉 Duo’erleji, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.18	104.81	1 294	IV
P5	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇碱柜村 Jiangui Village, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	39.94	106.76	1 054	VIII
P6	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗苏木图高勒 Sumt Gol, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.14	105.65	1 320	V
P7	阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗苏木图高勒 Sumt Gol, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	39.07	105.66	1 320	XI
P8	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇 Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.05	106.78	1 090	VI
P9	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇伊克布拉格 Yikebulage, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.07	106.92	1 158	VII
P10	鄂尔多斯鄂托克旗蒙西镇章古塔拉 Zhanggutala, Mengxi Town, Otog Banner, Ordos	40.11	106.86	1 061	XII
P11	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇伊克乌苏 Yik Wusu, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.58	106.21	1 379	II
P12	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇乌兰呼都格 Ulan Huduge, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.69	106.00	1 319	X
P13	阿拉善盟阿左旗敖伦布拉格镇乌兰呼都格 Ulan Huduge, Olon Bulag Town, Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League	40.68	106.06	1 418	Ⅲ
P14	巴彦淖尔乌拉特后旗巴音前达门苏木 Bayin Qiandamen Sum, Urad Rear Banner, Bayannur	41.74	107.00	1 267	VII

科名 Family name	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	占总种数的百分比 Percentage of the total species (%)
苋科 Amaranthaceae	8	10	20.83
十字花科 Brassicaceae	1	1	2.08
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	2	2	4.17
豆科 Fabaceae	5	5	10.42
白刺科 Nitrariaceae	2	2	4.17
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	3	4	8.33
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	1	1	2.08
柽柳科 Tamaricaceae	1	2	4.17
报春花科 Primulaceae	1	1	2.08
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	1	2	4.17
菊科 Asteraceae	3	5	10.42
禾本科 Poaceae	9	10	20.83
百合科 Liliaceae	1	2	4.17
天门冬科 Asparagaceae	1	1	2.08
合计 Total	39	48	100.00

科名 Family name	属数 Number of genera	种数 Number of species	占总种数的百分比 Percentage of the total species (%)
苋科 Amaranthaceae	8	10	20.83
十字花科 Brassicaceae	1	1	2.08
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	2	2	4.17
豆科 Fabaceae	5	5	10.42
白刺科 Nitrariaceae	2	2	4.17
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	3	4	8.33
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	1	1	2.08
柽柳科 Tamaricaceae	1	2	4.17
报春花科 Primulaceae	1	1	2.08
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	1	2	4.17
菊科 Asteraceae	3	5	10.42
禾本科 Poaceae	9	10	20.83
百合科 Liliaceae	1	2	4.17
天门冬科 Asparagaceae	1	1	2.08
合计 Total	39	48	100.00