梵净山天然林菌根植物功能多样性与群落构建沿海拔梯度的变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0467

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1410-1423.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0467 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0467

梵净山天然林菌根植物功能多样性与群落构建沿海拔梯度的变化

郭志红¹(), 杨妮⁴^,⁵, 张涛⁴^,⁵, 李海波⁴^,⁵, 田太安⁴^,⁵, 黄小波¹^,²^,³, 李聪¹, 马驷驹¹, 苏建荣¹^,²^,³, 李帅锋¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所, 昆明 650224
²国家林业与草原局云南普洱森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 昆明 650224
³普洱森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站, 昆明 650224
⁴贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区管理局, 贵州铜仁 554300
⁵贵州梵净山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 贵州铜仁 554300

收稿日期:2024-12-24 接受日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-04-09
通讯作者: ^*李帅锋: ORCID: 0000-0002-2555-1808 (shuaifengli@163.com)
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2021ZA002);云南省中青年学术与技术后备人才计划(202105AC160036);云南省基础研究计划重点项目(202401AS070016)

Change of functional diversity and community assembly of mycorrhizal plant along an altitudinal gradient in primary forests of Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou, China

GUO Zhi-Hong¹(), YANG Ni⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Tao⁴^,⁵, LI Hai-Bo⁴^,⁵, TIAN Tai-An⁴^,⁵, HUANG Xiao-Bo¹^,²^,³, LI Cong¹, MA Si-Ju¹, SU Jian-Rong¹^,²^,³, LI Shuai-Feng¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

¹Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
²Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, China
³Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
⁴Guizhou Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
⁵Guizhou Fanjing Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China

Received:2024-12-24 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-04-09
Supported by:
Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2021ZA002);Yunnan Provincial Program for Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Reserve Talents(202105AC160036);Key Project of Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Programme(202401AS070016)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态位理论和中性理论所阐释的群落构建过程对生物多样性维持机制至关重要, 是森林生态学研究热点, 山地具有丰富的生物多样性, 而沿海拔梯度上菌根植物功能多样性与群落构建过程变化格局的研究仍相对较少。该研究基于梵净山国家级自然保护区海拔600-2 100 m建立的8个1 hm²动态监测样地, 将胸径≥1 cm的261种木本植物分为3个功能群: 丛枝菌根(AM)植物、外生菌根(EcM)植物和杜鹃花类菌根(ErM)植物, 分析其群落构建过程与功能多样性沿海拔梯度的变化格局, 揭示构建过程在维持功能多样性中的潜在作用。结果表明: 不同菌根植物功能多样性随海拔变化差异显著, AM和EcM植物功能丰富度与功能分散度随海拔升高呈现显著下降趋势, AM和EcM植物的叶面积和比叶面积功能性状加权平均值随海拔升高呈减小趋势, EcM植物叶干物质含量、叶片氮含量和磷含量随海拔升高呈增加趋势, ErM植物的叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶片磷含量随海拔升高呈增加趋势。3种菌根植物群落构建均由随机性过程主导, 其中ErM植物的漂变过程对群落构建的贡献均比AM和EcM植物大。β最近亲缘指数(βNTI)对AM植物的功能多样性没有显著影响, 而对EcM和ErM植物的功能性状加权平均值影响显著, βNTI对EcM和ErM植物功能多样性具有显著正效应, 维持了其功能多样性。此外, 土壤养分(土壤有机碳、全氮和水解性氮)含量对AM和EcM植物的功能多样性具有显著正效应, 而对ErM植物功能多样性具有显著负效应; 海拔对AM和ErM植物具有显著负效应, 而对EcM植物具有显著正效应。研究结果为揭示西南山地生物多样性维持机制提供科学依据, 对于中亚热带天然林保护与修复具有重要意义。

关键词: 杜鹃花类菌根植物, 丛枝菌根植物, 外生菌根植物, 随机性过程, 确定性过程, 群落加权平均值

Abstract:

Aims Community assembly processes based on the ecological niche theory and neutral theory is crucial to the biodiversity maintenance mechanism, which is one of the hotspots in forest ecology research. Mountainous areas are rich in biodiversity, yet relatively few studies have explored the patterns of functional diversity and community assembly of mycorrhizal plants along altitudinal gradients.
Methods In this study, based on eight 1 hm² dynamic monitoring plots established at an altitude of 600-2 100 m in Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve, we divided 261 woody plants with diameter at breast height (DBH) of ≥1 cm into three functional groups: arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants, and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plants. The change patterns of their community assembly process and functional diversity along the altitude gradients were analyzed, and the potential role of the assembly process in maintaining functional diversity was revealed.
Important findings The study showed that the functional diversity of the different mycorrhizal plants varied significantly with altitude, among which, the functional richness and functional dispersion of AM and EcM plants showed a significant decreasing trend with altitude, the community weighted means of leaf area and specific leaf area of AM and EcM plants showed a decreasing trend with altitude. The leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content of EcM plants showed an increasing trend with altitude, while the leaf area, leaf dry matter and phosphorus content of ErM plants showed an increasing trend with altitude. The community assembly of three mycorrhizal plants were dominated by stochastic processes, in which the drift of ErM plants contributed more to community assembly than AM and EcM. The βNTI (beta nearest taxon index) of AM plants had no significant effect on the functional diversity, whereas it had a significant effect on the community weighted mean of functional traits of EcM and ErM plants. The βNTI had a significant positive effect on functional diversity of EcM and ErM plants, which maintained their functional diversity. In addition, soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and hydrolysable nitrogen) content had a significant positive effect on the functional diversity of AM and EcM plants, but had a significant negative effect on the functional diversity of ErM plants. Altitude had a significant negative effect on AM and ErM plants, and a significant positive effect on EcM plants. The results of the study provide scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance in the southwestern mountain ecosystems, which is of great significance for the protection and restoration of natural forests in the central subtropics.

Key words: ericoid mycorrhizal plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, ectomycorrhizal plants, stochastic process, deterministic process, community weighted mean

郭志红, 杨妮, 张涛, 李海波, 田太安, 黄小波, 李聪, 马驷驹, 苏建荣, 李帅锋. 梵净山天然林菌根植物功能多样性与群落构建沿海拔梯度的变化. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1410-1423. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0467

GUO Zhi-Hong, YANG Ni, ZHANG Tao, LI Hai-Bo, TIAN Tai-An, HUANG Xiao-Bo, LI Cong, MA Si-Ju, SU Jian-Rong, LI Shuai-Feng. Change of functional diversity and community assembly of mycorrhizal plant along an altitudinal gradient in primary forests of Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1410-1423. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0467

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0467

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1410

图/表 7

表1 丛枝菌根、外生菌根和杜鹃花类菌根植物多样性及群落结构特征(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Plant diversity and community characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species (mean ± SD)

菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	海拔 Altitude (m)	平均胸径 Average diameter (cm)	平均高度 Average height (m)	多度 Abundance	香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index
丛枝菌根植物 Arbuscular mycorrhizal plant	600	4.47 ± 5.46^d	6.16 ± 6.09^d	3 424	0.24
	700	5.17 ± 6.87^c	7.23 ± 6.19^b	3 767	0.25
	850	5.65 ± 5.79^b	7.54 ± 6.36^a	4 195	0.28
	1 000	3.93 ± 4.09^e	6.13 ± 3.85^d	5 746	0.32
	1 050	5.25 ± 5.57^c	7.17 ± 6.07^b	3 455	0.24
	1 300	4.67 ± 5.85^d	6.27 ± 6.5c^d	4 002	0.27
	1 600	5.62 ± 7.39^b	5.24 ± 3.51^e	2 376	0.2
	2 100	8.91 ± 3.70^a	6.43 ± 3.00^c	3 249	0.24
	合计 Total	5.46 ± 5.59	6.52 ± 5.19	30 214	-
外生菌根植物 Ectomycorrhizal plant	600	12.68 ± 20.72^c	9.43 ± 9.40^d	404	0.22
	700	8.20 ± 12.34^e	8.19 ± 7.40^e	664	0.28
	850	8.44 ± 8.89^e	9.08 ± 7.27^de	422	0.22
	1 000	11.17 ± 11.01^d	11.56 ± 7.15^c	937	0.32
	1 050	22.90 ± 11.95^a	21.46 ± 10.42^a	481	0.23
	1 300	14.32 ± 10.95^b	13.48 ± 10.36^b	778	0.3
	1 600	13.65 ± 12.91^bc	9.04 ± 7.97^de	564	0.25
	2 100	13.25 ± 8.21^bc	8.04 ± 4.71^e	395	0.22
	合计 Total	13.08 ± 12.12	11.28 ± 8.09	4 645	-
杜鹃花类菌根植物 Ericoid mycorrhizal plant	600	4.61 ± 4.81^c	4.59 ± 2.49^cd	62	0.05
	700	7.07 ± 5.68^b	6.85 ± 3.59^b	26	0.05
	850	4.92 ± 2.68^c	5.05 ± 2.19^c	153	0.11
	1 000	2.35 ± 0.86^e	4.09 ± 1.36^e	641	0.28
	1 050	2.64 ± 1.00^d	4.47 ± 1.19^d	2 972	0.29
	1 300	2.54 ± 1.13^d	3.80 ± 1.58^f	735	0.29
	1 600	4.17 ± 7.41^c	4.60 ±1.71^d	41	0.05
	2 100	19.75 ± 1.51^a	9.80 ± 1.25^a	83	0.08
	合计 Total	6.00 ± 3.14	5.40 ± 1.92	4 713	-

图1 丛枝菌根、外生菌根和杜鹃花类菌根植物的功能多样性随海拔高度变化的关系。CWM, 群落加权平均值。p < 0.05表示差异显著; p > 0.05表示没有显著差异。

Fig. 1 Functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species in relation to the altitudinal gradient. CWM, community weighted mean; FRic, functional richness index; FDis, functional dispersion index; LA, leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LP, leaf phosphorus content; Rao’Q, Rao’s quadratic entropy index; SLA, specific leaf area. p < 0.05 indicates significant difference; p > 0.05 indicates no significant difference.

图2 丛枝菌根(A、D)、外生菌根(B、E)、杜鹃花类菌根(C、F)植物的群落构建过程(β最近亲缘指数和β净亲缘指数)以及与海拔高度的关系。p < 0.001表示差异显著。

Fig. 2 Community assembly processes (Beta Nearest Taxon Index (βNTI) and Beta Net Relatedness Index (βNRI)) and relationships with altitudinal gradients for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) (A, D), ectomycorrhizal (EcM) (B, E), and ericoid mycorrhizas (ErM) (C, F) plant species. p < 0.001 indicates significant difference.

图3 丛枝菌根、外生菌根、杜鹃花类菌根植物的功能丰富度指数、功能分散度指数、Rao二次熵指数与β最近亲缘指数之间的线性关系。p < 0.05表示差异显著; p > 0.05表示没有显著差异。不同颜色圆点代表不同海拔高度, 颜色越深, 海拔越高。

Fig. 3 Linear relationships between functional richness index (FRic), functional dispersion index (FDis), Rao’s quadratic entropy index (Rao’Q) and community assembly processes (Beta Nearest Taxon Index, βNTI) for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species. p < 0.05 indicates significant differences; p > 0.05 indicates no significant differences. Different colored dots represent different altitudes; the darker color, the higher altitude.

图4 丛枝菌根、外生菌根和杜鹃花类菌根植物的群落加权平均值与β最近亲缘指数之间的线性关系。p < 0.05表示差异显著; p > 0.05表示没有显著差异。CWM, 群落加权平均值; LA, 叶面积; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LN, 叶氮含量; LP, 叶磷含量; SLA, 比叶面积。不同颜色圆点代表不同海拔高度, 颜色越深, 海拔越高。

Fig. 4 Linear relationships between community-weighted means (CWMLA, CWMSLA, CWMLDMC, CWMLN, CWMLP) and Beta Nearest Taxon Index, βNTI) for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species. p < 0.05 indicates significant differences; p > 0.05 indicates no significant difference. CWM, community weighted mean; LA, leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LP, leaf phosphorus content; SLA, specific leaf area. Different colored dots represent different altitudes; the darker color, the higher altitude.

图5 丛枝菌根、外生菌根、杜鹃花类菌根植物的功能多样性以及土壤养分基于海拔高度的主成分(PC)分析。AK, 速效钾含量; AP, 速效磷含量; CWM, 群落加权平均值; HN, 水解性氮含量; LA, 叶面积; LDMC, 叶干物质含量; LN, 叶氮含量; LP, 叶磷含量; SLA, 比叶面积; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TK, 全钾含量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量。

Fig. 5 Principal component (PC) analysis of the functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species, along with soil nutrient variables, across the altitudinal gradient. AK, available potassium content; AP, available phosphoru content; CWM, community weighted mean; HN, hydrolysable nitrogen content; LA, leaf area; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LP, leaf phosphorus content; SLA, specific leaf area; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TK, total potassium content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content.

图6 海拔(Altitude)、土壤养分(PC1 of soil nutrients)含量、地上生物量(AGB)、β最近亲缘指数(βNTI)对丛枝菌根、外生菌根、杜鹃花类菌根植物功能多样性(Function diversity)的综合影响及效应值。绿线代表正效应, 红线代表负效应。虚线表示无显著影响(p > 0.05), 实线表示显著影响(p < 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。土壤养分包括: HN, 水解性氮含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 全氮含量。GFI, 模型拟合优度, GFI > 0.95代表模型拟合较好; 卡方检验p > 0.05代表模型具有较好的拟合效果。

Fig. 6 Structural equation model showing the combined effects and standardized path coefficients of altitude, PC1 of soil nutrients contents, aboveground biomass (AGB), and community assembly (Beta Nearest Taxon Index, βNTI) on the functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizal (EcM), and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plant species. Green lines represent positive effects and red lines represent negative effects. Dashed lines indicate no significant effect (p > 0.05), and solid lines indicate significant effect (p < 0.05). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Soil nutrients including: HN, hydrolysable nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content. GFI, model goodness of fit, GFI > 0.95 represents a better model fit; p > 0.05 in chi-square test, represents a better model fit.

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梵净山天然林菌根植物功能多样性与群落构建沿海拔梯度的变化

Change of functional diversity and community assembly of mycorrhizal plant along an altitudinal gradient in primary forests of Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou, China

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