菌根真菌生理生态功能研究进展及展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0023

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 498-514.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0023 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0023

菌根真菌生理生态功能研究进展及展望

马建辉¹, 童鑫¹^,^*()(), 张思榕²^,³, 毛子昆⁴, 秦俊¹, 马克平²

¹ 上海辰山植物园, 华东植物迁地保护与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 上海 201602
² 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
³ 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁴ 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2025-01-13 接受日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-05-20
通讯作者: *童鑫(txoinng@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32401333);中国科学院战略生物资源计划和上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项(G242420);中国科学院战略生物资源计划和上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项(G262418)

Research advances and perspectives on physiological and ecological functions of mycorrhizal fungi

MA Jian-Hui¹, TONG Xin¹^,^*()(), ZHANG Si-Rong²^,³, MAO Zi-Kun⁴, QIN Jun¹, MA Ke-Ping²

¹ Key Laboratory of East China Plant Conservation and Utilization, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
² Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴ Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2025-01-13 Accepted:2025-06-09 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-05-20
Contact: *TONG Xin(txoinng@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401333);Biological Resources Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau(G242420);Biological Resources Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau(G262418)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

菌根真菌是一类广泛分布在自然界中可与大多数陆生植物共生的真菌, 对植物的生理过程和生态功能的维持起到了关键作用。在菌根真菌与植物根系形成的共生体系中, 植物为菌根真菌提供必要的有机碳源, 而菌根真菌则帮助植物提高养分吸收和抗逆境的能力。近年来, 随着分子生物学和生物信息学的快速发展, 人们对菌根真菌的认识和研究都取得了显著进展。为反映菌根真菌生理生态功能研究取得的重要进展, 该文综述了丛枝菌根(AM)和外生菌根(ECM)真菌的进化史差异及其对宿主植物生理生态功能的不同影响, 并进一步论述这些差异对全球陆地生态系统养分循环以及植物群落结构和功能的影响。研究表明, AM和ECM真菌的起源与进化是与陆生植物长期相互适应和选择的结果, 菌根真菌在进化中逐渐完善了依赖植物的养分获取机制, 而植物则进化出与菌根真菌共生的生存策略。此外, 菌根真菌与植物根系形成的共生体不仅改善了植物的营养吸收与利用, 提高了植物在应对生物和非生物胁迫时的抵抗力, 还参与了生物地球化学循环, 维持了陆地生态系统的平衡和稳定。最后, 该文对未来研究方向进行了展望, 包括菌根真菌应对全球变化的响应、在多营养级关联和城市生态系统中的作用以及在生产实践中的应用和多样性保护, 旨在为解决诸多生态学和社会问题提供新的思路和途径。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 外生菌根真菌, 形态结构, 生物多样性, 生态系统功能, 陆地生态系统

Abstract:

Mycorrhizal fungi are a ubiquitious group of symbiotic fungi in nature that form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants, playing a crucial role in plant physiological processes and ecosystem functioning. In these symbiotic relationships, mycorrhizal fungi receive photosynthesis-derived carbon from their host plants and, in turn, facilitate the host plants with regard to nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance. Recently, the rapid development of molecular biology and bioinformatics has significantly advanced our understanding of mycorrhizal physiology and ecology. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the differences in the evolutionary history of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, as well as their impacts on the physiological and ecological functions of host plants. We further discussed how these differences affect the nutrient cycling of global terrestrial ecosystems and the structure and function of plant communities. We showed that the origin and evolution of AM and ECM fungi is a process of long-term mutual adaptation and selection with terrestrial plants. During the evolution, mycorrhizal fungi have gradually refined their plant-dependent nutrient acquisition mechanisms, while plants have developed diverse growth strategies to optimize symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. In these mutually beneficial interactions, mycorrhizal fungi not only enhance the nutrient uptake and utilization in host plants and improve their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, but also participate in global biogeochemical cycles. Thus, mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in maintaining the balance and stability of biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, we proposed future research directions, including the response of mycorrhizal fungi to global change, their roles in multi-trophic associations and urban ecosystems, as well as their applications in production practices and diversity conservation, aiming to provide novel insights and approaches to address various ecological and social challenges.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, morphological structure, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, terrestrial ecosystem

马建辉, 童鑫, 张思榕, 毛子昆, 秦俊, 马克平. 菌根真菌生理生态功能研究进展及展望. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 498-514. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0023

MA Jian-Hui, TONG Xin, ZHANG Si-Rong, MAO Zi-Kun, QIN Jun, MA Ke-Ping. Research advances and perspectives on physiological and ecological functions of mycorrhizal fungi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 498-514. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0023

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0023

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/498

图/表 3

图1 不同菌根类型示意图。

Fig. 1 Diagrams showing different types of mycorrhizal associations.

图2 菌根真菌的生理生态功能。

Fig. 2 Physiological and ecological functions of mycorrhizal fungi.

图3 菌根真菌未来研究展望。

Fig. 3 Future outlook of mycorrhizal fungi research.

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菌根真菌生理生态功能研究进展及展望

Research advances and perspectives on physiological and ecological functions of mycorrhizal fungi

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