植物-丛枝菌根真菌-细菌连续体及其维持机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0239

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 600-611.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0239 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0239

植物-丛枝菌根真菌-细菌连续体及其维持机制

段世龙¹, 余成瑾¹, 许心垚¹, 冯固¹, 谢贤安², 张林¹^,^*()

¹ 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室, 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室, 北京 100193
² 亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室, 华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院, 广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室, 广州 510630

收稿日期:2025-06-25 接受日期:2025-10-17 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-03
通讯作者: *张林(linzhang@cau.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42277112);国家重点研发项目(2022YFD1901304-02);国家留学基金(202206350052)

Plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-bacteria continuum and its maintenance mechanisms

DUAN Shi-Long¹, YU Cheng-Jin¹, XU Xin-Yao¹, FENG Gu¹, XIE Xian-An², ZHANG Lin¹^,^*()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
² State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China

Received:2025-06-25 Accepted:2025-10-17 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-03
Contact: *ZHANG Lin(linzhang@cau.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277112);National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1901304-02);China Scholarship Council(202206350052)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

菌根真菌是植物根际微生物的重要组成部分, 是陆地生物地球化学循环的重要参与者。其中, 丛枝菌根(AM)真菌能够与70%以上的陆地植物形成共生关系。AM真菌起源于约4.6亿年前的泥盆纪, 在植物由水生到陆生的生态转型过程中起到关键推动作用, 并深刻影响植物的生长发育及生态系统的功能。在AM共生体的环丛枝空间内, 宿主植物通过提供光合碳换取AM真菌传递的矿质养分, 尤其是磷和氮。AM真菌菌丝表面及菌丝际定殖的多种细菌, 一方面利用菌丝分泌的碳源维持生长, 另一方面通过矿化有机物质增强土壤中矿质养分的可利用性, 进而促进植物-AM真菌共生体的建立。因此, 植物、AM真菌和菌丝际细菌构成了一个连续体, 形成自上而下碳流和自下而上养分流的双向交换模式。该文首先介绍了植物、AM真菌及土壤细菌如何交换宿主植物来源的碳和土壤来源的矿质养分等相关的最新研究进展, 这种跨界养分交换不仅为微生物提供物质和能量, 还为宿主植物提供生长发育所必需的养分; 其次, 分析了植物-AM真菌-细菌连续体维持跨界合作的潜在机制, 有助于更好地理解植物、AM真菌和土壤细菌之间复杂的生态关系及其进化意义, 并为农业可持续生产提供基于植物-微生物互作的理论基础和技术路径。

关键词: 植物, 丛枝菌根真菌, 菌丝际细菌, 碳流动, 养分流动, 跨界合作

Abstract:

Mycorrhizal fungi are crucial components of plant rhizosphere microbiota and key players in terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form symbiotic relationships with more than 70% of terrestrial plants and their origin can be traced back to the Devonian period, 460 million years ago. They played an important role in the transition of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments and continue to profoundly affect the growth performance of plants and their ecosystem functions. In the peri-arbuscular space of AM symbiosis, plants provide carbon fixed by photosynthesis in exchange for mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. In the hyphosphere, many bacteria are involved in the establishment of AM symbiosis. These bacteria obtain carbon from extraradical hyphal exudates and mineralizing organic compounds to enhance the availability of mineral nutrients for the fungi. Therefore, plants, AM fungi and hyphospheric bacteria form a continuum and are accompanied by top-down carbon flows and bottom-up nutrient flows. In this review, we first introduce the latest research on how plants, AM fungi and the related hyphospheric bacteria exchange carbon from host plants and mineral nutrients from the soil. These exchanges provide energy for microbial partners and deliver nutrients for plants that are necessary for growth and development. Secondly, we analyze in detail the mechanism by which the plant-AM fungi-bacterial continuum maintains cross-kingdom cooperation, which is conducive to a better understanding of the complex ecological relationships between plants, AM fungi and soil bacteria. This provides information on their evolutionary significance and a theoretical basis and technical pathway for sustainable agriculture grounded in plant-microbe interactions.

Key words: plant, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, hyphospheric bacteria, carbon flow, nutrient flow, cross-kingdom cooperation

段世龙, 余成瑾, 许心垚, 冯固, 谢贤安, 张林. 植物-丛枝菌根真菌-细菌连续体及其维持机制. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 600-611. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0239

DUAN Shi-Long, YU Cheng-Jin, XU Xin-Yao, FENG Gu, XIE Xian-An, ZHANG Lin. Plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-bacteria continuum and its maintenance mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 600-611. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0239

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0239

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/600

图/表 3

图1 植物-AM真菌-细菌连续体及参与碳和养分交换的环丛枝空间和菌丝际的概述图。

Fig. 1 An overview of the plant-AM fungus-bacterium continuum and the peri-arbuscular space and hyphosphere involved in carbon and nutrient exchange.

图2 植物-AM真菌-细菌连续体中的碳和矿质养分流动。以下转运蛋白和酶参与了该连续体中碳和养分的运输: 氨基酸转运蛋白(AAP1/AAPs), ATP结合盒G型转运蛋白(ABCG), 铵离子转运蛋白(AMT1、AMT3、AMT2;2、AMT2;4、AMT3;1), 质子泵/H+-ATP酶(HA1、HA8), 转化酶(INV), 单糖转运蛋白2 (MST2), 硝酸盐转运蛋白(NT、NPF4.5), 含SYG1-Pho81-XPR1结构域的磷酸盐转运蛋白(PHO1、PHO91), AM真菌多聚磷酸盐外切酶(PPX1、PPN1), 磷酸盐转运蛋白(PT、PT1、PT4、PT7、PT11), 短肽转运蛋白(PTR2、NPFs), 甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(RAM2), 异源二聚半尺寸ABCG转运蛋白(STR、STR2), 可逆型蔗糖合酶(Sus), 蔗糖转运蛋白(SUT), 糖外排转运蛋白(SWEET、SWEET1b), 液泡转运蛋白复合体(VTC1、VTC2、VTC4)。实线表示目前已经过验证的代谢途径, 虚线表示仍需进一步验证的潜在途径。问号标注的转运蛋白尚未经过功能验证, 未标注的转运蛋白仍未知。

Fig. 2 Carbon and mineral nutrient flows in the plant-AM fungus-bacterium continuum. The following transporters and enzymes participate in the transport of C and nutrients in the continuum: amino acid transporters (AAP1 and AAPs), ATP-binding cassette G-type transporter (ABCG), ammonium transporters (AMT1, AMT3, AMT2;2, AMT2;4 and AMT3;1), H+-ATPases (HA1 and HA8), invertase (INV), monosaccharide transporter MST2, nitrate transporters (NT and NPF4.5), SYG1-Pho81-XPR1 domain-containing phosphate transporters (PHO1 and PHO91), AM fungal exopolyphosphatases (PPX1 and PPN1), phosphate transporters (PT, PT1, PT4, PT7 and PT11), short peptide transporters (PTR2 and NPFs), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (RAM2), heterodimeric half-size ABCG transporters (STR and STR2), reversible sucrose synthase (Sus), sucrose uptake transporter (SUT), sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET and SWEET1b), vacuolar transporter chaperon (VTC) complex (VTC1, VTC2 and VTC4). The solid line represents the currently identified metabolic pathway, and the dotted line needs further verification. Transporters marked with question marks have not been functionally verified, and unmarked transporters are unknown.

图3 丛枝菌根真菌与细菌在土壤中直接互惠与间接互惠示意图。

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of direct and indirect reciprocity between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria in the soil. C, carbon; P, phosphorus.

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植物-丛枝菌根真菌-细菌连续体及其维持机制

Plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-bacteria continuum and its maintenance mechanisms

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