林缘和荒草坡不同草本层盖度小生境中积雪草的等级可塑性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究克隆植物在不同生境中对小生境的利用能力和对不同尺度异质性生境的等级可塑性及其格局差异,比较了林缘和荒草坡不同草本层盖度小生境中积雪草(Centella asiatica)分株种群、克隆片段和叶水平的形态和生理特征。在分株种群水平,林缘和荒草坡积雪草被测的分株种群特征差异均不显著,不同草本层盖度小生境间积雪草根冠比差异显著,即在盖度小的小生境中其根冠比显著大于盖度大的小生境。在克隆片段水平,林缘和荒草坡生境显著影响积雪草的根干重、花果干重、一级匍匐茎节间长和总匍匐茎节间长,而不同草本层盖度小生境则显著影响花果干重、根冠比、一级匍匐茎数、二级匍匐茎节间长和总匍匐茎节间长。荒草坡积雪草拥有更大的根干重和花果干重,但一级匍匐茎节间长和总匍匐茎节间长较短。草本层盖度小的小生境中积雪草的根冠比和一级匍匐茎数显著高于盖度大的小生境,而花果干重、二级匍匐茎节间长和总匍匐茎节间长则相反。在叶水平,荒草坡和草本层盖度大的小生境中,积雪草的叶片长、叶片宽和叶面积都较大,而草本层盖度大的小生境中积雪草叶柄长和比叶柄长都显著大于盖度小的小生境;林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对4个叶绿素指标影响均不显著,林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境的交互作用对所有测量特征均无显著影响。上述结果表明,积雪草对不同生境和有草本层盖度差异的小生境的反应存在等级可塑性,但是二者的等级差异格局不同;等级反应格局的差异反映出积雪草对不同生境条件有不同的生态适应对策,且对生境小尺度异质性的可塑性强于对大尺度异质性的可塑性。

关键词: 克隆植物, 克隆可塑性, 等级性, 积雪草

Abstract:

Aims In natural environments, resources of critical importance to plant growth are patchily distributed, even at a small spatial scale. The aims of this study are to address: 1) Centella asiatica exploitation of heterogeneous microsites in different habitats, 2) hierarchical effects of habitats and microsites with different herbaceous coverage on growth traits of C. asiatica, and 3) differences in hierarchical response patterns for large and small scales of heterogeneous habitats.
Methods Microsites with low and high herbaceous coverage were selected in abandoned grassland slope and forest edge habitats. We measured morphological and physiological characteristics of C. asiatica in spring 2004 and 2005 at three levels: ramet population, clonal fragment and leaf. Environmental factors of different microsites were investigated again in September 2006.
Important findings At the ramet population level, we observed no effect of habitat (forest edge vs. abandoned grassland slope). Root-shoot ratio of ramet population with low herbaceous coverage was significantly higher than that with high herbaceous coverage. At the level of clonal fragment, root dry weight, flower and fruit dry weight were significantly higher and internode length of primary and total stolons were shorter on abandoned grassland slope. Root-shoot ratio and number of primary stolons were significantly larger with low herbaceous coverage, but flower and fruit dry weight, internode length of secondary stolon and internode length of total stolon were lower. At the leaf level, lamina length, lamina width and lamina area were larger on abandoned grassland slope and with high herbaceous coverage. Plants with high herbaceous coverage had larger petiole length and specific petiole length. No significant effects of habitat and microsite on chlorophyll content were observed. These findings indicated that there were hierarchical effects of habitat and microsite on the growth traits of C. asiatica, and different hierarchical responses of C. asiatica to different habitats and microsites with different herbaceous coverage were observed. Plastic response to heterogeneous habitat is stronger at smaller scale than that at larger scale.

Key words: clonal plant, clonal plasticity, hierarchy, Centella asiatica

王琼, 廖咏梅. 林缘和荒草坡不同草本层盖度小生境中积雪草的等级可塑性. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 576-587. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0074

WANG Qiong, LIAO Yong-Mei. HIERARCHICAL PLASTICITY OF CENTELLA ASIATICA IN RESPONSES TO MICROSITES WITH DIFFERENT HERBACEOUS COVERAGE OF FOREST EDGE AND ABANDONED GRASSLAND SLOPE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(4): 576-587. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0074

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0074

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I4/576

图/表 9

表1 林缘和荒草坡不同小生境环境因子差异的显著性检验

Table 1 Significance tests of environmental factor difference between microsites of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope

环境因子 Environmental factors	生境(林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (Forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度) Microsite (Different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitat×microsite
土壤砾石含量¹(%) Rocks and gravel content	14.923 (0.005)	0.817 (0.393)	1.415 (0.268)
土壤pH值² Soil pH value	0.000 (0.002)	14.000 (0.589)
土壤含水量¹(%) Soil water content	0.049 (0.831)	0.287 (0.607)	0.333 (0.580)
土壤有机质含量¹(%) Soil organic matter content	37.698 (0.000)	0.373 (0.559)	0.460 (0.517)
草本层上方相对光强¹(%) Relative light intensity outside herb layer	56.918 (0.000)	2.249 (0.138)	1.661 (0.201)
草本层内部相对光强²(%) Relative light intensity within herb layer	5 755.500 (0.309)	4 687.500 (0.002)
草本层地上部分生物量²(g) Above-ground biomass of herb layer	10.000 (0.240)	1.000 (0.004)

表2 林缘和荒草坡不同小生境的环境特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Environmental characteristics of different microsites of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope (means±SE)

环境因子 Environmental factors	荒草坡 Abandoned grassland slope		林缘 Forest edge
环境因子 Environmental factors	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage
土壤砾石含量(%) Rocks and gravel content	30.12±4.86	22.83±1.53	12.54±4.66	13.53±0.85
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	5.12±0.66	4.01±0.14	3.32±0.13	3.28±0.12
土壤含水量(%) Soil water content	2.61±0.01	2.36±0.28	2.43±0.28	2.44±0.19
土壤有机质含量(%) Soil organic matter content	3.95±0.07	3.97±0.26	2.67±0.10	2.36±0.37
草本层上方相对光强(%) Relative light intensity outside herb layer	83.29±2.94	90.60±2.39	66.89±3.24	67.44±1.63
草本层内部相对光强(%) Relative light intensity within herb layer	53.68±1.93	47.21±2.71	57.50±1.72	49.51±1.81
草本层地上部分生物量(g) Above-ground biomass of herb layer	46.31±22.67	241.54±34.62	13.68±8.90	98.30±7.66
草本层其它优势种 Other dominant herb species	苍耳、地果 Xanthium sibiticum, Ficus tikoua	野菊、一年蓬、草 Dendranthema indicum, Erigeron annuus, Humulus scandens	丝茅、地果 Imperata koenigii, Ficus tikoua	丝茅 Imperata koenigii

表3 林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对积雪草分株种群特征的影响

Table 3 Effects of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope habitats and microsites with different herbaceous coverage on the characteristics of ramet population of Centella asiatica

指标 Traits	数据转换 Data transformation	生境 (林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (Forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度) Microsite (Different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitat×microsite
根干重² (g·m^-2) Root dry weight	未转换 No transformation	8.000 (0.132)	12.000 (0.394)
茎干重² (g·m^-2) Stolon dry weight	未转换 No transformation	17.000 (0.937)	12.000 (0.394)
叶片干重¹ (g·m^-2) Lamina dry weight	原始数据×1 000的对数 Logarithm of raw data×1 000 转换 Transformation	0.714 (0.423)	0.778 (0.403)	0.940 (0.361)
叶柄干重¹ (g·m^-2) Petiole dry weight	同上 See the above	0.499 (0.500)	2.181 (0.178)	0.726 (0.419)
花果干重¹ (g·m^-2) Flower and fruit dry weight	同上 See the above	2.635 (0.149)	1.082 (0.333)	1.726 (0.230)
总干重¹ (g·m^-2) Total dry weight	同上 See the above	0.407 (0.541)	0.575 (0.470)	0.595 (0.463)
根冠比² Root-shoot ratio	未转换 No transformation	14.000 (0.589)	5.000 (0.041)
分株密度¹ (株·m^-2) Ramet density (No·m^-2)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	3.547 (0.096)	2.739 (0.137)	0.092 (0.770)
分株平均间距¹ (m) Mean ramet distance	未转换 No transformation	3.404 (0.102)	0.906 (0.369)	0.020 (0.892)
匍匐茎总长度¹ (cm·m^-2) Total stolon length	对数转换 Logarithm transformation	3.387 (0.103)	0.328 (0.583)	0.028 (0.872)

图1 荒草坡和林缘积雪草在两种小生境中的分株种群特征 SCL: 荒草坡盖度小Low coverage on abandoned grassland slope SCH: 荒草坡盖度大 High coverage on abandoned grassland slope ECL: 林缘盖度小 Low coverage on forest edge ECH: 林缘盖度大 High coverage on forest edge A、B、D图中,用相同字母标记的柱体间无显著差异;C图中,不同小写字母表示4种小生境中积雪草相应部分的生物量具有显著差异,不同大写字母表示同一小生境中5个部分生物量具有显著性差异(p=0.05)

Fig.1 The characteristics of Centella asiatica ramet population at two microsites of abandoned grassland slope and forest edge The bars sharing the same letter are not significant difference in figure A, B and D. Significant differences between corresponding biomass at four microsites are indicated by different lower-case letters. Different capital letters stand for the significant difference among biomass of 5 parts at the same microsite in figure C (p=0.05)

图2 积雪草克隆片段水平的生物量(A)和根冠比(B) A图图例同图1C B图图例同图1A

Fig.2 Biomass (A) and root-shoot ratio (B) of Centella asiatica at the level of clonal fragment Legends in Fig.2A see Fig.1C Legends in Fig.2B see Fig.1A

表4 林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对积雪草克隆片段生长特征的影响

Table 4 Effects of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope habitats and microsite with different herbaceous coverage on the growth characteristics of clonal fragment of Centella asiatica

指标 Traits	数据转换 Data transformation	数据分析方法 Methods of data analyses	生境(林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (Forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度) Microsite (Different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitat×Microsite
根干重¹⁾ (g)	原始数据×1 000的对数转换 Logarithm of raw data×1 000	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	5.128 (0.034)	1.763 (0.198)	0.348 (0.561)
茎干重²⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.820 (0.375)	1.961 (0.175)	0.582 (0.454)
叶片干重³⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	3.170 (0.089)	1.216 (0.282)	0.192 (0.665)
叶柄干重⁴⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.257 (0.274)	2.154 (0.156)	0.001 (0.976)
花果干重⁵⁾ (g)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	10.000 (0.000)	43.500 (0.041)
总干重⁶⁾ (g)	原始数据×1 000的对数转换 Logarithm of raw data×1 000	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.630 (0.119)	0.889 (0.356)	0.032 (0.860)
根冠比⁷⁾	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.424 (0.134)	21.487 (0.000)	0.229 (0.637)
一级分株数⁸⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	422.500 (0.476)	364.000 (0.105)
二级分株数⁹⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	218.000 (0.410)	236.500 (0.433)
总分株数¹⁰⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	446.000 (0.706)	436.500 (0.553)
一级匍匐茎数¹¹⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	459.500 (0.850)	323.500 (0.025)
二级匍匐茎数¹²⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	230.000 (0.574)	264.500 (0.854)
匍匐茎总数¹³⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	428.000 (0.525)	423.000 (0.431)
一级匍匐茎节间长¹⁴⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	72.500 (0.009)	101.000 (0.089)
二级匍匐茎节间长¹⁵⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	61.000 (0.243)	33.000 (0.004)
总匍匐茎节间长¹⁶⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	80.000 (0.019)	84.000 (0.022)
一级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁷⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.196 (0.286)	0.711 (0.408)	0.296 (0.592)
二级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁸⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.511 (0.487)	0.011 (0.920)	0.712(0.413)
总的比茎长¹⁹⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.509 (0.232)	1.222 (0.281)	0.139 (0.713)
分枝强度²⁰⁾ (%)	两次平方根转换 Double square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.712 (0.403)	1.974 (0.167)	0.001 (0.979)

表4 林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对积雪草克隆片段生长特征的影响

Table 4 Effects of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope habitats and microsite with different herbaceous coverage on the growth characteristics of clonal fragment of Centella asiatica

指标 Traits	数据转换 Data transformation	数据分析方法 Methods of data analyses	生境(林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (Forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度) Microsite (Different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitat×Microsite
根干重¹⁾ (g)	原始数据×1 000的对数转换 Logarithm of raw data×1 000	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	5.128 (0.034)	1.763 (0.198)	0.348 (0.561)
茎干重²⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.820 (0.375)	1.961 (0.175)	0.582 (0.454)
叶片干重³⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	3.170 (0.089)	1.216 (0.282)	0.192 (0.665)
叶柄干重⁴⁾ (g)	同上 See the above	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.257 (0.274)	2.154 (0.156)	0.001 (0.976)
花果干重⁵⁾ (g)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	10.000 (0.000)	43.500 (0.041)
总干重⁶⁾ (g)	原始数据×1 000的对数转换 Logarithm of raw data×1 000	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.630 (0.119)	0.889 (0.356)	0.032 (0.860)
根冠比⁷⁾	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.424 (0.134)	21.487 (0.000)	0.229 (0.637)
一级分株数⁸⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	422.500 (0.476)	364.000 (0.105)
二级分株数⁹⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	218.000 (0.410)	236.500 (0.433)
总分株数¹⁰⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	446.000 (0.706)	436.500 (0.553)
一级匍匐茎数¹¹⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	459.500 (0.850)	323.500 (0.025)
二级匍匐茎数¹²⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	230.000 (0.574)	264.500 (0.854)
匍匐茎总数¹³⁾	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	428.000 (0.525)	423.000 (0.431)
一级匍匐茎节间长¹⁴⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	72.500 (0.009)	101.000 (0.089)
二级匍匐茎节间长¹⁵⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	61.000 (0.243)	33.000 (0.004)
总匍匐茎节间长¹⁶⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	80.000 (0.019)	84.000 (0.022)
一级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁷⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.196 (0.286)	0.711 (0.408)	0.296 (0.592)
二级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁸⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.511 (0.487)	0.011 (0.920)	0.712(0.413)
总的比茎长¹⁹⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.509 (0.232)	1.222 (0.281)	0.139 (0.713)
分枝强度²⁰⁾ (%)	两次平方根转换 Double square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.712 (0.403)	1.974 (0.167)	0.001 (0.979)

表5 积雪草克隆片段水平的形态特征

Table 5 Morphological characteristics of Centella asiatica at the level of clonal fragment

指标 Traits	荒草坡 Abandoned grassland slope		林缘 Forest edge		F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
指标 Traits	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
一级分株数⁸⁾	11.08±1.64	10.20±1.87	12.88±1.62	10.28±1.33	3.341^ns
二级分株数⁹⁾	7.14±3.96	8.10±1.82	5.86±1.50	5.44±1.48	2.297^ns
总分株数¹⁰⁾	15.33±3.01	15.93±3.16	18.00±2.97	15.39±2.68	0.924^ns
一级匍匐茎数¹¹⁾	3.17±0.51	2.67±0.42	3.35±0.24	2.33±0.39	5.975^ns
二级匍匐茎数¹²⁾	3.57±1.00	4.10±0.80	3.57±0.64	3.38±0.61	0.886^ns
总匍匐茎数¹³⁾	5.33±0.99	5.60±0.99	6.47±0.81	5.50±0.89	1.800^ns
一级匍匐茎节间长¹⁴⁾(cm)	2.451 6±0.085 2^b	2.658 4±0.058 5^b	2.710 0±0.087 6^b	2.986 6±0.116 4^a	5.244^**
二级匍匐茎节间长¹⁵⁾ (cm)	5.537 0±0.564 3	6.800 6±0.375 7	6.075 4±0.379 8	8.051 7±0.470 5	11.641^**
总匍匐茎节间长¹⁶⁾ (cm)	5.998 1±0.450 7	7.009 7±0.303 0	7.048 0±0.402 0	8.758 3±0.568 2	11.653^**
一级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁷⁾ (cm·mg^-1)	0.462 6±0.019 3^a	0.573 4±0.102 4^a	0.593 3±0.055 5^a	0.617 2±0.061 5^a	0.533^ns
二级匍匐茎比茎长¹⁸⁾ (cm·g^-1)	-	0.666 1±0.064 1^a	0.748 8±0.046 9^a	0.876 7±0.098 2^a	1.544^ns
总的比茎长¹⁹⁾(cm·mg^-1)	0.481 6±0.036 6^a	0.594 2±0.084 5^a	0.603 6±0.054 5^a	0.659 4±0.065 1^a	0.771^ns
分枝强度²⁰⁾(%)	0.155 7±0.038 5^a	0.191 8±0.028 5^a	0.131 1±0.024 5^a	0.179 1±0.030 8^a	3.082^ns

表6 林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对叶水平生长特征的影响

Table 6 Effects of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope habitats and microsite with different herbaceous coverage on the growth characteristics at the level of leaf

指标 Traits	数据转换 Data transformation	数据分析方法 Methods of data analyses	生境(林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度)Microsite (different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitats×Microsite
叶片长¹⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	49.823 (0.000)	43.129 (0.000)	0.891 (0.357)
叶片宽²⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	45.266 (0.000)	38.021 (0.000)	1.792 (0.196)
单叶面积³⁾ (cm²)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	24.062 (0.000)	24.015 (0.000)	0.234 (0.634)
单叶片干重⁴⁾ (mg)	对数转换 Logarithm transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.300 (0.287)	2.124 (0.183)	4.179 (0.075)
比叶面积⁵⁾ (cm²·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	13.000 (0.485)	12.000 (0.394)
叶柄长⁶⁾(cm)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.592 (0.126)	6.466 (0.021)	0.061 (0.807)
比叶柄长⁷⁾ (cm·g^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.706 (0.139)	35.391 (0.000)	1.414 (0.268)
叶绿素a含量⁸⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.485 (0.495)	0.027 (0.872)	0.347 (0.563)
叶绿素b含量⁹⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.333 (0.571)	0.037 (0.849)	0.165 (0.690)
总叶绿素含量¹⁰⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.447 (0.512)	0.028 (0.868)	0.301 (0.590)
叶绿素a/b值¹¹⁾	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.734 (0.403)	0.007 (0.933)	0.679 (0.421)

表6 林缘和荒草坡生境与不同草本层盖度小生境对叶水平生长特征的影响

Table 6 Effects of forest edge and abandoned grassland slope habitats and microsite with different herbaceous coverage on the growth characteristics at the level of leaf

指标 Traits	数据转换 Data transformation	数据分析方法 Methods of data analyses	生境(林缘 vs 荒草坡) Habitat (forest edge vs abandoned grassland slope)	小生境(不同草本层盖度)Microsite (different herbaceous coverage)	生境×小生境 Habitats×Microsite
叶片长¹⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	49.823 (0.000)	43.129 (0.000)	0.891 (0.357)
叶片宽²⁾ (cm)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	45.266 (0.000)	38.021 (0.000)	1.792 (0.196)
单叶面积³⁾ (cm²)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	24.062 (0.000)	24.015 (0.000)	0.234 (0.634)
单叶片干重⁴⁾ (mg)	对数转换 Logarithm transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	1.300 (0.287)	2.124 (0.183)	4.179 (0.075)
比叶面积⁵⁾ (cm²·mg^-1)	未转换 No transformation	非参数检验 Nonparametric test	13.000 (0.485)	12.000 (0.394)
叶柄长⁶⁾(cm)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.592 (0.126)	6.466 (0.021)	0.061 (0.807)
比叶柄长⁷⁾ (cm·g^-1)	未转换 No transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	2.706 (0.139)	35.391 (0.000)	1.414 (0.268)
叶绿素a含量⁸⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.485 (0.495)	0.027 (0.872)	0.347 (0.563)
叶绿素b含量⁹⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.333 (0.571)	0.037 (0.849)	0.165 (0.690)
总叶绿素含量¹⁰⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.447 (0.512)	0.028 (0.868)	0.301 (0.590)
叶绿素a/b值¹¹⁾	平方根转换 Square root transformation	双因素方差分析 Two-Way ANOVA	0.734 (0.403)	0.007 (0.933)	0.679 (0.421)

表7 积雪草叶水平的生长特征

Table 7 Growth characteristics of Centella asiatica at the level of leaf

指标 Traits	荒草坡 Abandoned grassland slope		林缘 Forest edge		F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
指标 Traits	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
叶片长¹⁾ (cm)	1.907 5±0.079 5^b	2.391 7±0.079 0^a	1.513 3±0.053 0^c	1.875 8±0.035 5^b	31.281^***
叶片宽²⁾ (cm)	3.405 8±0.126 8^b	4.300 6±0.173 9^a	2.763 3±0.084 8^c	3.338 8±0.058 0^b	28.360^***
单叶面积³⁾ (cm²)	2.315 6±0.111 5^b	2.886 2±0.158 2^a	1.847 0±0.076 2^c	2.315 1±0.040 8^b	16.104^***
单叶片重⁴⁾ (mg)	1.417 3±0.062 8^a	1.368 2±0.086 6^a	1.150 4±0.008 1^a	1.444 0±0.128 9^a	2.534^ns
比叶面积⁵⁾ (cm²·mg^-1)	0.213 2±0.004 8	0.425 0±0.164 3	0.263 3±0.008 7	0.226 2±0.060 5	4.128^ns
叶柄长⁶⁾ (cm)	2.959 5±0.156 $5 a b$	3.425 6±0.346 2^a	2.459 5±0.094 2^b	3.156 9±0.219 $3 a b$	3.616^*
比叶柄长⁷⁾ (cm·g^-1)	51.753 8±2.801 1^b	77.146 7±8.126 1^a	36.633 2±3.900 7^b	74.715 7±4.975 1^a	13.170^**
叶绿素a含量⁸⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	1.003 0±0.139 4^a	0.957 2±0.111 1^a	0.864 4±0.074 3^a	0.945 6±0.107 6^a	0.446^ns
叶绿素b含量⁹⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	0.622 8±0.064 1^a	0.611 9±0.057 2^a	0.603 2±0.049 6^a	0.600 8±0.023 5^a	0.279^ns
总叶绿素含量¹⁰⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	1.181 3±0.151 8^a	1.136 4±0.124 3^a	1.037 7±0.078 2^a	1.122 3±0.117 3^a	0.179^ns
叶绿素a/b值¹¹⁾	1.588 3±0.073 1^a	1.548 2±0.039 3^a	1.497 2±0.054 0^a	1.541 1±0.025 6^a	0.254^ns

表7 积雪草叶水平的生长特征

Table 7 Growth characteristics of Centella asiatica at the level of leaf

指标 Traits	荒草坡 Abandoned grassland slope		林缘 Forest edge		F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
指标 Traits	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	盖度小的小生境 Microsite with low coverage	盖度大的小生境 Microsite with high coverage	F值或χ²值 F-value or χ² value
叶片长¹⁾ (cm)	1.907 5±0.079 5^b	2.391 7±0.079 0^a	1.513 3±0.053 0^c	1.875 8±0.035 5^b	31.281^***
叶片宽²⁾ (cm)	3.405 8±0.126 8^b	4.300 6±0.173 9^a	2.763 3±0.084 8^c	3.338 8±0.058 0^b	28.360^***
单叶面积³⁾ (cm²)	2.315 6±0.111 5^b	2.886 2±0.158 2^a	1.847 0±0.076 2^c	2.315 1±0.040 8^b	16.104^***
单叶片重⁴⁾ (mg)	1.417 3±0.062 8^a	1.368 2±0.086 6^a	1.150 4±0.008 1^a	1.444 0±0.128 9^a	2.534^ns
比叶面积⁵⁾ (cm²·mg^-1)	0.213 2±0.004 8	0.425 0±0.164 3	0.263 3±0.008 7	0.226 2±0.060 5	4.128^ns
叶柄长⁶⁾ (cm)	2.959 5±0.156 $5 a b$	3.425 6±0.346 2^a	2.459 5±0.094 2^b	3.156 9±0.219 $3 a b$	3.616^*
比叶柄长⁷⁾ (cm·g^-1)	51.753 8±2.801 1^b	77.146 7±8.126 1^a	36.633 2±3.900 7^b	74.715 7±4.975 1^a	13.170^**
叶绿素a含量⁸⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	1.003 0±0.139 4^a	0.957 2±0.111 1^a	0.864 4±0.074 3^a	0.945 6±0.107 6^a	0.446^ns
叶绿素b含量⁹⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	0.622 8±0.064 1^a	0.611 9±0.057 2^a	0.603 2±0.049 6^a	0.600 8±0.023 5^a	0.279^ns
总叶绿素含量¹⁰⁾ (mg·g^-1 FW)	1.181 3±0.151 8^a	1.136 4±0.124 3^a	1.037 7±0.078 2^a	1.122 3±0.117 3^a	0.179^ns
叶绿素a/b值¹¹⁾	1.588 3±0.073 1^a	1.548 2±0.039 3^a	1.497 2±0.054 0^a	1.541 1±0.025 6^a	0.254^ns

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