植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1019-1027.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0129
收稿日期:
2006-12-12
接受日期:
2007-03-17
出版日期:
2007-12-12
发布日期:
2007-11-30
通讯作者:
谭敦炎
作者简介:
* E-mail: tandunyan@163.com基金资助:
Received:
2006-12-12
Accepted:
2007-03-17
Online:
2007-12-12
Published:
2007-11-30
Contact:
TAN Dun-Yan
摘要:
对准噶尔荒漠中24种十字花科短命植物的扩散体特征与扩散对策的观测结果表明:种间果实和种子的形态各异,角果开裂与否与其木质化程度有关。木质化程度较高的角果不开裂。其中长角果以果节为扩散单元自体扩散。而短角果有两种扩散单元,以果实为扩散单元的无辅助扩散结构或具翅或绵毛,分别进行自体或风媒扩散;以果序的一段为扩散单元的果实具坚硬呈勾状的喙,通过果序梗断裂或附在动物体表散布,兼具自体扩散和动物体外传播的二重性。木质化程度较低的角果开裂,以种子为单元扩散。其中微尘状种子无辅助扩散结构,在果皮开裂时产生的张力或风力的作用下散布;粘液种子以水媒为主,兼具风媒和动物传播的特点;粘液和翅并存的种子具有风媒和水媒扩散的二重性。果翅等辅助扩散结构有利于长距离散布,绵毛及种皮粘液使果实或种子与地表能更好地粘附,木质化结构及种皮粘液还具有保水和保护作用。从扩散的时空特征看,24种植物在扩散持续时间上有集中扩散和持续扩散两种方式,前者避免了种子干旱失水和被捕食,属逃逸对策;后者形成空气种子库逐批扩散,属保护对策。从空间上,异果芥(Diptychocarpus strictus)果序上、下部果实的开裂方式与时间、种子形态完全不同,导致其扩散时间与距离不同;离子芥(Chorispora tenella)等类群果实不同部位的果节非同步脱落以及爪花芥(Oreoloma sulfureum)果实上、下部木质化程度及开裂方式不同,导致其果节或种子的扩散时间不同。以上这些特征对于它们在荒漠环境中成功地扩散、定居,抵御干旱、逃避捕食,避免同胞种子间的竞争、保障物种延续并扩大种群等,具有重要的生态学意义。
刘晓风, 谭敦炎. 24种十字花科短命植物的扩散体特征与扩散对策. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1019-1027. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0129
LIU Xiao-Feng, TAN Dun-Yan. DIASPORE CHARACTERISTICS AND DISPERSAL STRATEGIES OF 24 EPHEMERAL SPECIES OF BRASSICACEAE IN THE JUNGGAR DESERT OF CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 1019-1027. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0129
种名 Species | 采集地 Locality | 生境 Habitat | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 观测条件 Observation condition |
---|---|---|---|---|
异果芥 Diptychocarpus strictus | 新疆奎屯市南郊 South suburb of Kuytun city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 300 | NH, F |
卷果涩芥 Malcolmia scorpioides | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 半固定沙丘 Semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH, F |
甘新念珠芥 Neotorularia korolkovii | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
爪花芥 Oreoloma sulfureum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市南郊 South suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 土质荒漠 Terrene desert | 870 | NH, F |
对枝菜 Cithareloma vernum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 固定及半固定沙丘 Stationary and semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH |
离子芥 Chorispora tenella | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
西伯利亚离子芥 C. sibirica | 新疆奇台县奇台农场 Qitai farm of Qitai county, Xinjiang | 草原 Steppe | 1 800 | NH, F |
涩芥 Malcolmia africana | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
小鼠耳芥 Arabidopsis pumila | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
粗果庭荠 Alyssum dasycarpum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 442 | NH, F |
荒漠庭荠 A. desertorum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
条叶庭荠 A. linifolium | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
抱茎独行菜 Lepidium perfoliatum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
独行菜 L. apetalum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市南郊 South suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 1 160 | NH |
鸟头荠 Euclidium syricum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
小果菘蓝 Isatis minima | 新疆克拉玛依 Kelamayi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 230 | NH, F |
宽翅菘蓝 I. violascens | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 固定及半固定沙丘 Stationary and semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH, F |
垂果四棱荠 Goldbachia pendula | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
棱果糖芥 Erysimum siliculosum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 沙丘 Sand dune | 442 | NH, F |
厚壁荠 Pachypterygium multicaule | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 砾石荒漠 Gravel desert | 442 | NH |
舟果荠 Tauscheria lasiocarpa | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
光果舟果荠 T. lasiocarpa var. gymnocarpa | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
绵果荠 Lachnoloma lehmannii | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 沙丘 Sand dune | 442 | NH |
丝叶芥 Leptaleum filifolium | 新疆石河子市南郊 South suburb of Shihezi city, Xinjiang | 粘土荒漠 Clay desert | 700 | NH |
表1 24种十字花科短命植物的采集地点和观测条件
Table 1 Information on habitat and observation site of 24 ephemeral species of Brassicaceae
种名 Species | 采集地 Locality | 生境 Habitat | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 观测条件 Observation condition |
---|---|---|---|---|
异果芥 Diptychocarpus strictus | 新疆奎屯市南郊 South suburb of Kuytun city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 300 | NH, F |
卷果涩芥 Malcolmia scorpioides | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 半固定沙丘 Semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH, F |
甘新念珠芥 Neotorularia korolkovii | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
爪花芥 Oreoloma sulfureum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市南郊 South suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 土质荒漠 Terrene desert | 870 | NH, F |
对枝菜 Cithareloma vernum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 固定及半固定沙丘 Stationary and semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH |
离子芥 Chorispora tenella | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
西伯利亚离子芥 C. sibirica | 新疆奇台县奇台农场 Qitai farm of Qitai county, Xinjiang | 草原 Steppe | 1 800 | NH, F |
涩芥 Malcolmia africana | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
小鼠耳芥 Arabidopsis pumila | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
粗果庭荠 Alyssum dasycarpum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 442 | NH, F |
荒漠庭荠 A. desertorum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
条叶庭荠 A. linifolium | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
抱茎独行菜 Lepidium perfoliatum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 砾质荒漠 Gravel desert | 870 | NH, F |
独行菜 L. apetalum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市南郊 South suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 1 160 | NH |
鸟头荠 Euclidium syricum | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH, F |
小果菘蓝 Isatis minima | 新疆克拉玛依 Kelamayi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 230 | NH, F |
宽翅菘蓝 I. violascens | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 固定及半固定沙丘 Stationary and semi-stationary dune | 442 | NH, F |
垂果四棱荠 Goldbachia pendula | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
棱果糖芥 Erysimum siliculosum | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 沙丘 Sand dune | 442 | NH, F |
厚壁荠 Pachypterygium multicaule | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 砾石荒漠 Gravel desert | 442 | NH |
舟果荠 Tauscheria lasiocarpa | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
光果舟果荠 T. lasiocarpa var. gymnocarpa | 新疆乌鲁木齐市西郊 West suburb of Urumqi city, Xinjiang | 荒漠 Desert | 870 | NH |
绵果荠 Lachnoloma lehmannii | 新疆阜康市北沙窝 Beishawo of Fukan city, Xinjiang | 沙丘 Sand dune | 442 | NH |
丝叶芥 Leptaleum filifolium | 新疆石河子市南郊 South suburb of Shihezi city, Xinjiang | 粘土荒漠 Clay desert | 700 | NH |
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