长白山高山苔原雪斑大白花地榆群落土壤氮素动态与生产力的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00159

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在高山苔原冬季积雪覆盖的群落生长季短, 但明显比周围群落生长茂盛。为了说明雪斑地段群落生长机理, 对长白山苔原雪斑土壤氮素动态以及大白花地榆(Sanguisorba sitchensis)群落生产力进行了连续测定。雪斑群落土壤冬季相对温暖, 最低日平均温度-1.4 ℃, 裸露地段-16.9 ℃, 全年水分条件充足; 积雪期凋落物分解和氮矿化均在进行, 土壤具有很高的氮素含量及矿化速率。大白花地榆地上部分净初级生产力为4 046 kg·hm^-2·a^-1。正是独特的水热条件和养分条件, 以及具有很大的叶面积同化器官, 高山苔原雪斑地段的大白花地榆群落才得以维持生存并表现出很高的生产力水平。

关键词: 群落生产力, 水解氮, 养分循环, 积雪

Abstract:

Aims Snowpack plant communities in alpine tundra are active in comparison with surrounding vegetation, despite the short growing season due to thick snow cover. Our objective was to understand the growth mechanism of snowpack communities.
Methods The nutrient dynamics and primary productivity of snowpack Sanguisorba sitchensis community in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain was investigated in different seasons.
Important findings Soil temperature under snowpack during winter was warmer than snow-free areas, and the minimum temperature was significantly higher. Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization under snowpack were active even in winter, and nitrogen content was high with rapid mineralization. Annual net primary productivity was 4 046 kg·hm^-2·a^-1. The unique hydro-thermo conditions, nutrient cycling features and high leaf area index were key factors maintaining community structure and primary productivity.

Key words: community productivity, hydrolysable nitrogen, nutrient cycling, snow cover

徐倩倩, 刘琪璟, 张国春. 长白山高山苔原雪斑大白花地榆群落土壤氮素动态与生产力的关系. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(2): 159-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00159

XU Qian-Qian, LIU Qi-Jing, ZHANG Guo-Chun. Soil nitrogen dynamics and productivity of snowpack Sanguisorba sitchensis community in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(2): 159-166. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00159

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I2/159

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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项目 Item	样点06 Sampling point 06	样点070601 Sampling point 070601	样点070603 Sampling point 070603
年平均温度 Yearly average temperature (℃)	2.5	3.9	-0.1
最冷月平均温度 Mean temperature of coldest month (℃)	-1.4	-1.0	-14.7
最热月平均温度 Mean temperature of warmest month (℃)	12.3	13.6	13.0
最低日平均温度 Minimum daily mean temperature (℃)	-1.5	-1.3	-16.9
最高日平均温度Maximum daily mean temperature (℃)	15.1	16.9	16.3
日极端最高温度 Extreme high mean temperature (℃)	20.5	19.3	21.8
日极端最低温度 Extreme low daily temperature (℃)	-1.5	-1.3	-17.8
温暖指数 Warmth index (℃)	15.6	25.4	21.2
寒冷指数 Coldness index (℃)	0.0	0.0	-22.9
平均温度>0 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature > 0 ℃	187	279	179
平均温度≥1 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≥1 ℃	109	142	151
平均温度[-0.99, 0.99 ℃]日数Number of days with daily temperature at [-0.99, 0.99 ℃]	178	193	74
平均温度≤-1 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≤-1 ℃	79	31	141
平均温度≤0 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≤0 ℃	179	87	187
极端最低温度≤0 ℃日数 Number of days with extreme low temperature ≤ 0 ℃	179	91	211

项目 Item	样点06 Sampling point 06	样点070601 Sampling point 070601	样点070603 Sampling point 070603
年平均温度 Yearly average temperature (℃)	2.5	3.9	-0.1
最冷月平均温度 Mean temperature of coldest month (℃)	-1.4	-1.0	-14.7
最热月平均温度 Mean temperature of warmest month (℃)	12.3	13.6	13.0
最低日平均温度 Minimum daily mean temperature (℃)	-1.5	-1.3	-16.9
最高日平均温度Maximum daily mean temperature (℃)	15.1	16.9	16.3
日极端最高温度 Extreme high mean temperature (℃)	20.5	19.3	21.8
日极端最低温度 Extreme low daily temperature (℃)	-1.5	-1.3	-17.8
温暖指数 Warmth index (℃)	15.6	25.4	21.2
寒冷指数 Coldness index (℃)	0.0	0.0	-22.9
平均温度>0 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature > 0 ℃	187	279	179
平均温度≥1 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≥1 ℃	109	142	151
平均温度[-0.99, 0.99 ℃]日数Number of days with daily temperature at [-0.99, 0.99 ℃]	178	193	74
平均温度≤-1 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≤-1 ℃	79	31	141
平均温度≤0 ℃日数 Number of days with daily temperature ≤0 ℃	179	87	187
极端最低温度≤0 ℃日数 Number of days with extreme low temperature ≤ 0 ℃	179	91	211

样点 Sampling point	状态 Status	培养时间 Incubation period	水解N含量 Hydrolyzable N content (kg·hm^-2)
06	原位 On site	2006-06-28- 2008-08-23	441
06	移位 Off site	2006-06-28- 2008-08-23	392
070601	原位 On site	2007-08-30- 2008-08-21	257
070601	移位 Off site	2007-08-30- 2008-08-21	237

样点 Sampling point	状态 Status	培养时间 Incubation period	水解N含量 Hydrolyzable N content (kg·hm^-2)
06	原位 On site	2006-06-28- 2008-08-23	441
06	移位 Off site	2006-06-28- 2008-08-23	392
070601	原位 On site	2007-08-30- 2008-08-21	257
070601	移位 Off site	2007-08-30- 2008-08-21	237

时期 Period	分解率 Decomposition ratio (%)
2008-08-24-2008-10-16	0.086
2008-08-24-2009-07-03	0.184
2008-08-24-2009-10-14	0.373