模拟夏季干旱对东灵山森林植被动态的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用LPJ-GUESS植被动态模型, 在耦合不同物种的干旱响应策略的基础上, 研究了夏季干旱化对东灵山地区森林植被的物种组成及其功能的影响。结果表明, 在气候变暖、降水减少、CO₂浓度升高的情况下, 无论树种采取何种策略, 东灵山暖温带森林的总净初级生产力和生物量都有增加的趋势, 降水在未来近一个世纪内尚未成为本地区植被生长的限制因子。但森林植被的树种组成与树种的干旱响应策略密切相关, 不耐旱的物种核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)的生物量水平在长期干旱条件下并没有降低, 而耐旱的物种辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)在受到干旱化长期影响时, 其生物量有下降的趋势。这种响应策略也会导致植被蒸散等生态系统水分循环过程的差异。因此, 降水变化对森林生态系统影响的长期模拟研究应该考虑物种对干旱的不同响应策略。

关键词: 干旱响应策略, 蒸散, LPJ-GUESS模型, 净初级生产力, 物种组成, 夏季降水

Abstract:

Aims Climatic change has and will continue to decrease summer precipitation in the Dongling Mountain area of Beijing, China. Decreased precipitation impacts trees and hence temperate forest vegetation. Experimental studies suggested that the effects of decreasing summer precipitation on forest were closely related to species-specific characteristics during drought. Our major goals were to project the impact of decreasing summer precipitation on forest dynamics in this region and to analyze long-term consequences of tree-species specific drought response of the temperate forest ecosystem.
Methods We used LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model coupled with different water uptake strategies to investigate drought effects on trees and forests in this temperate region of China.
Important findings Increases in net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon biomass of the predicted area under future climate conditions of increased temperature and elevated CO₂ concentration were independent of summer precipitation. This suggests that precipitation will not be the limiting factor in this area. However, tree diversity strongly depended on the drought response that we assumed. Drought-sensitive tree species (e.g., Juglans mandshurica) were not influenced by long-term drought, whereas the carbon biomass of the most drought-tolerant species (i.e., Quercus liaotungensis) would decrease in the future. Moreover, tree-species specific drought response will affect the water cycle of the temperate forest, including evapotranspiration. Our findings of the species-specific drought response should be considered in future ecosystem models.

Key words: drought response strategy, evapotranspiration, LPJ-GUESS model, net primary productivity (NPP), species composition, summer precipitation

李亮, 苏宏新, 桑卫国. 模拟夏季干旱对东灵山森林植被动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(2): 147-158. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00147

LI Liang, SU Hong-Xin, SANG Wei-Guo. Simulating impacts of summer drought on forest dynamics in Dongling Mountain. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(2): 147-158. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00147

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00147

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I2/147

图/表 6

图1 东灵山地区1955-2008年各季节降水量的变化。

Fig. 1 Changes of seasonal precipitation in Dongling Mountain area in 1955-2008.

图2 不同土壤水分条件下物种的干旱忍耐度对水分吸收的影响。

Fig. 2 Effect of species-specific drought_tolerance on water uptake under different soil moisture.

表1 生态系统模型LPJ-GUESS所模拟树种的主要参数

Table 1 Major species parameters for simulations with the ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS

参数 Parameter		参数值 Parameter value
参数 Parameter		辽东栎 Quercus liaotungensis	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	棘皮桦 Betula dahurica	核桃楸 Juglans mandshurica
root_distribution	对照 Control 策略1 Strategy 1 策略2 Strategy 2	7/3 7/3 6/4	7/3 7/3 6/4	7/3 7/3 7/3	7/3 7/3 8/2
drought_tolerance	对照 Control 策略1 Strategy 1 策略2 Strategy 2	0.3 0.2 0.3	0.3 0.2 0.3	0.3 0.3 0.3	0.3 0.4 0.3
gdd5min_est (℃) fire_resistance shade_tolerance longevity (year) k_allom1 k_allom2 k_allom3		700 0.2 tolerant 220 200 16.29 0.36	600 0.1 tolerant 380 150 44.81 0.78	700 0.2 intolerant 150 200 14.9 0.23	1 100 0.3 intermediate 360 200 40 0.85

图3 东灵山不同物种干旱响应策略下1955-2100年植被和组成树种的净初级生产力(NPP)和碳生物量(Cmass)的变化。BEDA, 棘皮桦; JUMA, 核桃楸; PITA, 油松; QULI, 辽东栎。

Fig. 3 Variation of net primary production (NPP) and carbon biomass (Cmass) of vegetation and tree species with different strategies to drought in Dongling Mountain. BEDA, Betula dahurica; JUMA, Juglans mandshurica; PITA, Pinus tabulaeformis; QULI, Quercus liaotungensis.

表2 两种降水情景下东灵山森林植被不同林龄(90、120、150年)的碳、水循环

Table 2 Carbon and water cycles of forest vegetation at different age (90, 120, 150 years) under two scenarios of precipitation in Dongling Mountain

策略 Strategy	情景 Scenario	净初级生产力 NPP (kg C·m^-2)				碳生物量 Cmass (kg C·m^-2)				蒸散 ET (mm)
策略 Strategy	情景 Scenario	90	120	150		90	120	150		90	120	150
对照 Control 策略1 Strategy 1 策略2 Strategy 2	CK DP CK DP CK DP	0.91 0.88 0.92 0.88 0.88 0.87	0.95 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.93	0.97 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.95		9.22 9.88 8.48 7.52 8.04 7.93	9.92 8.92 8.32 8.87 8.96 8.61	9.66 9.46 9.33 9.36 8.16 8.31		403.17 403.43 391.04 392.07 373.50 373.04	396.55 397.86 385.47 387.34 383.45 384.80	389.60 400.35 373.03 384.19 373.82 371.50

图4 研究区域不同干旱响应策略下的物种组成与实际调查结果的比较。BEDA, 棘皮桦; JUMA, 核桃楸; PITA, 油松; QULI, 辽东栎。

Fig. 4 Comparison of observed and simulated species composition of studied area at different drought response. BEDA, Betula dahurica; JUMA, Juglans mandshurica; PITA, Pinus tabulaeformis; QULI, Quercus liaotungensis.

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