风毛菊花序、种子大小和数量之间的权衡:资源条件的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

繁殖器官的大小和数量之间的权衡是植物繁殖对策研究的重要问题之一, 但是支持权衡关系的实验研究非常有限。该文以青藏高原东缘高寒草甸菊科风毛菊属优势植物种风毛菊(Saussurea japonica)为材料, 通过不同光照和营养处理, 研究其花序、种子大小和数量之间的关系。结果表明: 光照和营养处理对花序数目没有显著影响, 但对花的大小, 以及种子大小和数量均有显著影响。大小和数量之间的关系同样会受到处理条件的影响: 在对照和低营养处理下, 花序、种子的大小和数量之间呈显著的正相关关系, 而在低光照处理和低光照低营养处理下, 花序、种子的大小和数量之间的关系变为显著负相关, 即出现大小和数量之间的权衡。结果表明: 环境胁迫(比如有限的土壤养分和光资源的抑制)加剧了花序、种子大小和数量之间的权衡。风毛菊花序和种子的大小和数量之间的权衡关系的环境依赖性, 使其能够对外界环境的变化做出响应, 这种繁殖对策能提高其适合度。

关键词: 风毛菊, 大小-数量权衡, 繁殖对策, 环境依赖, 适合度

Abstract:

Aims We predict that limited resources can enhance the trade-off between size and number of capitula and seeds, showing a strategy of plants. We used Saussurea japonica to investigate the relationship under different levels of light and nutrition. Our objectives are to determine 1) effects of different light and nutrition levels on characters of capitula and seeds, 2) the relationship between size and number of capitula and seeds under different light and nutrition levels and 3) whether the limitation of light and nutrition enhances the trade-off between size and quantity of capitula and seeds.
Methods We planted S. japonica in pots under four treatments: combination of two light levels (high and low) and two nutrition levels (high and low). We counted and weighed (after oven-drying at 80 °C for 72 h) capitula and seeds.
Important findings The treatments of light and nutrition had no significant effects on the number of capitula, while the effects on the mass of capitula were significant. The different treatments had significant effects on both size and number of seeds. Moreover, the relationships between size and number were influenced by different treatments of light and nutrition: under control and low nutrition level, significant positive correlations were observed between size and number for the capitula and seeds; however, significantly negative correlations between size and number were found for the capitula and seeds at the low light treatment and the low light + low nutrition treatments, exhibiting the size-number trade-off. Results suggest that environmental stress (such as low soil nutrition and limited light) enhanced the trade-off between size and number of capitula and seeds, consistent with our prediction. The trade-off can be a response of S. japonica to varied environments, which may improve the adaptability of this plant.

Key words: Saussurea japonica, size-number trade-off, reproductive strategy, environmental independence, fitness

汪洋, 杜国祯, 郭淑青, 赵志刚. 风毛菊花序、种子大小和数量之间的权衡:资源条件的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 681-688. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.006

WANG Yang, DU Guo-Zhen, GUO Shu-Qing, ZHAO Zhi-Gang. TRADE-OFF BETWEEN SIZE AND NUMBER OF CAPITULUM AND SEED IN SAUSSUREA JAPONICA: EFFECTS OF RESOURCE AVAILABILITY. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 681-688. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.006

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.006

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I4/681

图/表 4

表1 不同光照和营养条件对风毛菊花序和种子特征的影响

Table 1 Effects of light and nutrient treatments on the traits of flowers and seeds of Saussurea japonica

	花序均重 Mean capitulum mass (mg)				每株花序数量 Capitulum number per plant
	自由度df	均方 Mean Square	F	显著水平Sig.	自由度df	均方 Mean Square	F	显著水平 Sig.
光照 Light	1	188.85	4.05	0.049	1	178 930.93	3.71	0.060
营养 Nutrient	1	471.39	10.12	0.003	1	69 288.73	1.44	0.236
光照×营养 Light×nutrient	1	17.33	0.37	0.545	1	52 735.44	1.09	0.301
	种子平均质量 Mean seed mass (mg)				每株种子数量 Seed number per plant
	自由度df	均方 Mean Square	F	显著水平Sig.	自由度df	均方 Mean Square	F	显著水平 Sig.
光照 Light	1	852.78	55.59	0.000	1	160 921 200.83	15.69	0.000
营养 Nutrient	1	188.10	12.26	0.001	1	119 893 436.33	11.70	0.002
光照×营养 Light×nutrient	1	441.28	28.76	0.000	1	190 780 933.29	18.60	0.000

图1 不同光照和营养条件下风毛菊头状花序、种子大小与数量的变化 L1N1: 全光照+高营养 High light + high nutrition L1N2: 全光照+低营养 High light + low nutrition L2N1: 低光照+高营养 Low light + high nutrition L2N2: 低光照+低营养 Low light + low nutrition

Fig. 1 Effects of light and nutrient treatments on the size and number of capitulum and seed of Saussurea japonica

图2 不同光照与营养条件下风毛菊头状花序大小与数量之间的关系 A: 全光照+高营养 High light + high nutrition, L1N1 B: 全光照+低营养 High light + low nutrition, L1N2 C: 低光照+高营养 Low light + high nutrition, L2N1 D: 低光照+低营养 Low light + low nutrition, L2N2

Fig. 2 The relationships between size and number of capitulum of Saussurea japonica under different light and nutrient treatments

图3 不同光照与营养条件下风毛菊种子大小与数量之间的关系 A、B、C、D: 同图2 See Fig. 2

Fig. 3 The relationships between size and number of seed of Saussurea japonica under different light and nutrient treatments

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