澳门湿地浮游植物群落特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2007年7月、10月和2008年1月, 对澳门的湿地——筷子基湾、白鹭林、莲花大桥滩涂和南湾湖的浮游植物群落特征进行了调查。3次采样共检测到76种(属), 其中, 蓝藻门藻类13种(属), 绿藻门30种(属), 硅藻门25种(属), 甲藻门2种, 裸藻门4种, 金藻门和隐藻门各1种(属)。浮游植物丰度的最高值出现在莲花大桥, 为3 922.33×10⁴ cells·L^-1; 最小值出现在南湾湖, 为1.58×10⁴ cells·L^-1。浮游植物主要是由蓝藻、绿藻、裸藻和硅藻组成。2008年1月硅藻的含量最高, 而2007年7月蓝藻的含量最高。浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数值均指示出: 筷子基湾2008年1月、莲花大桥2007年7月和10月污染最严重, 其他属于中度污染或无污染。透明度对澳门湿地浮游植物的影响较大, 与绿藻(r=0.683, p<0.05)、甲藻(r=0.715, p<0.05)、金藻(r=0.707, p<0.05)和隐藻(r=0.701, p<0.05)都存在较高的正相关关系。硅藻与pH值存在较强的负相关关系(r=–0.674, p<0.05), 与总氮(r=0.895, p<0.05)、总磷(r=0.920, p<0.05)和正磷酸(r=0.668, p<0.05)存在较强的正相关关系。

关键词: 浮游植物, 群落结构, 环境因子, 湿地, 澳门

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to understand the structure of the phytoplankton community and the relationships between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors in wetlands of Macao.
Methods Water and phytoplankton samples were collected in July and October 2007 and January 2008 at the four sites of Fai Chi Kei Bay, Taipa-colonva mudflats, Lotus Flower Bridge and Praia Grande Lake. Phytoplankton was fixed with formaldehyde with a final concentration of 3%-5% (v/v). Water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen were measured in situ with 85-ⅡYSI Multiparameter Water Quality Monitor. Water transparency was determined with Secchi Disk Depth. Water pH was measured with pHS-3C acid-alkalinity parameter Water Quality Monitor. Chlorophyll a was obtained from a sample of 400 ml water filtered through a Whatman GF/A filter. Concentrations were determined after<8 h extraction in 90% acetone. Nutrient concentrations were measured by using GB3838-2002.
Important findings Cyanobacteria, chlorophytes and diatoms had the largest numbers of species. We identified 76 species of algae, including 13 species of Cyanophyta, 30 species of Chlorophyta and 25 species of Bacillariophyta. Maximum abundance was at Lotus flower bridge (3 922.33×10⁴ cells·L^-1) and maximum abundance of Cyanophyta was in July and Bacillariophyta was in January. Minimum abundance was at Praia Grande Lake (1.58×10⁴ cells·L^-1). Values of the Shannon-Wiener Index of diversity indicated that Fai Chi Kei Bay was seriously polluted in January and Lotus Flower Bridge in July and October, while others were little or moderately polluted. Water transparency was the most important environmental factor affecting phytoplankton dynamics at the four wetlands and was strongly positively correlated to Chlorophyta (r=0.683, p<0.05), Pyrrophyta (r=0.715, p<0.05), Cryptophyta (r=0.707, p<0.05) and Chrysophyta (r=0.701, p<0.05). Bacillariophyta was negatively correlated to pH value (r=-0.674, p<0.05) and positively correlated to total nitrogen (r=0.895, p<0.05), total phosphorus (r=0.920, p<0.05) and soluble reactive phosphorus (r=0.668, p<0.05).

Key words: phytoplankton, community structure, environmental factor, wetland, Macao

李秋华, 何伟添, 陈椽. 澳门湿地浮游植物群落特征. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(4): 689-697. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.007

LI Qiu-Hua, HE Wei-Tian, CHEN Chuan. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN WETLANDS OF MACAO. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(4): 689-697. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.007

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.04.007

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I4/689

图/表 6

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种类 Species	A	B	C	D	种类 Species	A	B	C	D
蓝藻 Cyanophyta					绿藻 Chlorophyta
铜绿微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa	++		+		双对栅藻 Scenedesmus bijuga	+	+	+	+
假鱼腥藻 Pseudanabaena sp.	+	+	+	+	四尾栅藻 Scenedesmus quadricauda	+	+	+
鱼腥藻 Anabaena sp.		+	+	+	二形栅藻 Scenedesmus dimorphus			+
螺旋鱼腥藻 Anabaena spiroides		+	+		斜生栅藻 Scenedesmus obliquus	+	+	+
针状蓝纤维藻 Dactylococcopsis acicularis	+	+		+	扁盘栅藻 Scenedesmus platydiscus	+
平裂藻 Merismopedia sp.	+	++	+	+	单角盘星藻 Pediastrum simplex	+		+
隐球藻 Aphanocapsa sp.	+		+		集星藻 Actinastrum hantzschii	+		+
色球藻 Chroococcus sp.	+	+		+	双射盘星藻 Pediastrum biradiatum	+		+	+
螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.				+	微小四角藻 Tetraedron minimum	+		+
湖丝藻 Limnothrix redekei	+	+	+	+	具尾四角藻 Tetraedron caudatum	+
林氏藻 Lyngbya sp.		+		+	十字藻 Crucigenia apiculata	+
颤藻 Oscillatoria sp.	+	+	+	+	单刺四星藻 Tetrastrum hastiferum	+
尖头藻 Raphidiopsis sp.		+			湖生四孢藻 Tetraspora lacustris	+		+	+
硅藻 Bacillariophyta					小球藻 Chlorella vulgaris	++	+	+	+
小环藻 Cyclotella sp.	++	+	+	+	衣藻 Chlamydomonas sp.	+
肘状针杆藻 Synedra ulna	+	++	+	+	小空星藻 Coelastrum microporum	+
针杆藻 Synedra sp.	+	+	+	+	四鞭藻 Carteria sp.	+
曲壳藻 Achnanthes sp.	+	++	+	++	微茫藻 Micractinium pusillum	+		+
颗粒直链藻 Melosira granulata	+	+	++	+	多芒藻 Golenkinia radiata	+
颗粒直链藻最窄变种 Melosira granulata var. angustissima mull	+	+	+	+	单角盘星藻具孔变种 Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium	+	+	+	+
螺旋直链藻 Melosira granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis	+	+			月牙藻 Selenastrum bibraianum	+	+	+
圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus	+	+	+	+	杂球藻 Pleodorina californica	+
异极藻 Gomphonema sp.		+			空球藻 Eudorina elegans	+		+
舟形藻 Navicula sp.	+	+	+	+	丝藻 Ulothrix sp.	+	+	+	+
桥弯藻 Cymbella sp.		+			实球藻 Pandorina morum	+	+	+
羽纹藻 Pinnularia sp.		+	+		空星藻 Coelastrum sp.
布纹藻 Gyrosigma sp.	+		+	+	鼓藻1 Penium sp 1.		+	+
菱形藻 Nitzschia sp.	+	+	+	+	鞘藻 Oedognium sp.	+	+	+	+
卵圆双壁藻 Diploneis ovalis	+	+	+	+	鼓藻2 Penium sp 2.	+		+	+
环状扇形藻缢缩变种 Meridion circulare var. constricta		+	+		胶网藻 Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum	+
扎卡四棘藻 Attheya zachariasi	+	+			甲藻 Pyrrophyta
模糊直链藻 Melosira ambigua	+	+	+	+	飞燕角甲藻 Ceratium hirundinella	+	+	+	+
角毛藻 Chaetoceros sp.	+		+	+	多甲藻 Peridinium sp.	+	+	+	+
脆杆藻 Fragilaria sp.	+	+	+		金藻 Chrysophyta
笔尖根管藻 Rhizosolenia styliformis	+		+		鱼鳞藻 Mallomonas sp.	+
中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	+		+	+	裸藻 Euglenophyta
窗格平板藻 Tabellaria fenestriata				+	囊裸藻 Trachelomonas sp.	+	+	++	+
盒形藻 Biddulphia sp.			+		梭裸藻 Euglena acus	+	+	+	+
羽纹脆杆藻三角变种 Fragilaria pinnata var. trigona				+	细粒囊裸藻齿领变种 Trachelomonas granulose var. crenulatocollis		+
隐藻 Cryptophyta					扁裸藻 Phacus sp.	+	+
隐藻 Cryptomonas sp.	+	+	+

种类 Species	A	B	C	D	种类 Species	A	B	C	D
蓝藻 Cyanophyta					绿藻 Chlorophyta
铜绿微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa	++		+		双对栅藻 Scenedesmus bijuga	+	+	+	+
假鱼腥藻 Pseudanabaena sp.	+	+	+	+	四尾栅藻 Scenedesmus quadricauda	+	+	+
鱼腥藻 Anabaena sp.		+	+	+	二形栅藻 Scenedesmus dimorphus			+
螺旋鱼腥藻 Anabaena spiroides		+	+		斜生栅藻 Scenedesmus obliquus	+	+	+
针状蓝纤维藻 Dactylococcopsis acicularis	+	+		+	扁盘栅藻 Scenedesmus platydiscus	+
平裂藻 Merismopedia sp.	+	++	+	+	单角盘星藻 Pediastrum simplex	+		+
隐球藻 Aphanocapsa sp.	+		+		集星藻 Actinastrum hantzschii	+		+
色球藻 Chroococcus sp.	+	+		+	双射盘星藻 Pediastrum biradiatum	+		+	+
螺旋藻 Spirulina sp.				+	微小四角藻 Tetraedron minimum	+		+
湖丝藻 Limnothrix redekei	+	+	+	+	具尾四角藻 Tetraedron caudatum	+
林氏藻 Lyngbya sp.		+		+	十字藻 Crucigenia apiculata	+
颤藻 Oscillatoria sp.	+	+	+	+	单刺四星藻 Tetrastrum hastiferum	+
尖头藻 Raphidiopsis sp.		+			湖生四孢藻 Tetraspora lacustris	+		+	+
硅藻 Bacillariophyta					小球藻 Chlorella vulgaris	++	+	+	+
小环藻 Cyclotella sp.	++	+	+	+	衣藻 Chlamydomonas sp.	+
肘状针杆藻 Synedra ulna	+	++	+	+	小空星藻 Coelastrum microporum	+
针杆藻 Synedra sp.	+	+	+	+	四鞭藻 Carteria sp.	+
曲壳藻 Achnanthes sp.	+	++	+	++	微茫藻 Micractinium pusillum	+		+
颗粒直链藻 Melosira granulata	+	+	++	+	多芒藻 Golenkinia radiata	+
颗粒直链藻最窄变种 Melosira granulata var. angustissima mull	+	+	+	+	单角盘星藻具孔变种 Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium	+	+	+	+
螺旋直链藻 Melosira granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis	+	+			月牙藻 Selenastrum bibraianum	+	+	+
圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus	+	+	+	+	杂球藻 Pleodorina californica	+
异极藻 Gomphonema sp.		+			空球藻 Eudorina elegans	+		+
舟形藻 Navicula sp.	+	+	+	+	丝藻 Ulothrix sp.	+	+	+	+
桥弯藻 Cymbella sp.		+			实球藻 Pandorina morum	+	+	+
羽纹藻 Pinnularia sp.		+	+		空星藻 Coelastrum sp.
布纹藻 Gyrosigma sp.	+		+	+	鼓藻1 Penium sp 1.		+	+
菱形藻 Nitzschia sp.	+	+	+	+	鞘藻 Oedognium sp.	+	+	+	+
卵圆双壁藻 Diploneis ovalis	+	+	+	+	鼓藻2 Penium sp 2.	+		+	+
环状扇形藻缢缩变种 Meridion circulare var. constricta		+	+		胶网藻 Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum	+
扎卡四棘藻 Attheya zachariasi	+	+			甲藻 Pyrrophyta
模糊直链藻 Melosira ambigua	+	+	+	+	飞燕角甲藻 Ceratium hirundinella	+	+	+	+
角毛藻 Chaetoceros sp.	+		+	+	多甲藻 Peridinium sp.	+	+	+	+
脆杆藻 Fragilaria sp.	+	+	+		金藻 Chrysophyta
笔尖根管藻 Rhizosolenia styliformis	+		+		鱼鳞藻 Mallomonas sp.	+
中肋骨条藻 Skeletonema costatum	+		+	+	裸藻 Euglenophyta
窗格平板藻 Tabellaria fenestriata				+	囊裸藻 Trachelomonas sp.	+	+	++	+
盒形藻 Biddulphia sp.			+		梭裸藻 Euglena acus	+	+	+	+
羽纹脆杆藻三角变种 Fragilaria pinnata var. trigona				+	细粒囊裸藻齿领变种 Trachelomonas granulose var. crenulatocollis		+
隐藻 Cryptophyta					扁裸藻 Phacus sp.	+	+
隐藻 Cryptomonas sp.	+	+	+

采样点 Sampling sites	22 Jul. 2007	28 Oct. 2007	11 Jan. 2008
筷子基湾 Fai Chi Kei Bay	838.35	39.34	610.00
白鹭林 Taipa-colonva mudflats	277.50	13.36	2.73
莲花大桥滩涂 Lotus Flower Bridge	3 922.33	79.81	24.33
南湾湖 Praia Grande Lake	4.42	1.58	11.75

采样点 Sampling sites	22 Jul. 2007	28 Oct. 2007	11 Jan. 2008
筷子基湾 Fai Chi Kei Bay	838.35	39.34	610.00
白鹭林 Taipa-colonva mudflats	277.50	13.36	2.73
莲花大桥滩涂 Lotus Flower Bridge	3 922.33	79.81	24.33
南湾湖 Praia Grande Lake	4.42	1.58	11.75

浮游植物 Phytoplankton	pH值 pH	透明度SD	总氮 TN	总磷 TP	叶绿素 Chl a	正磷酸PO₄-P	硝氮NO₃-N	亚硝氮NO₂-N	氨氮NH₄-N
蓝藻 Cyanophyta	-0.11	-0.18	-0.13	-0.30	0.09	-0.14	-0.12	0.30	0.08
绿藻 Chlorophyta	-0.53	0.683*	0.47	0.14	0.67*	0.22	0.73*	0.41	0.99**
硅藻 Bacillariophyta	-0.67*	0.42	0.86**	0.68*	0.92**	0.77*	0.85**	0.63	0.95**
甲藻 Pyrrophyta	-0.46	0.72*	0.36	0.05	0.57	0.10	0.67*	0.30	0.04
金藻 Chrysophyta	-0.45	0.71*	0.35	0.04	0.57	0.09	0.66	0.28
裸藻 Euglenophyta	-0.38	0.32	0.19	-0.14	0.54	0.02	0.38	0.41	0.48
隐藻 Cryptophyta	-0.46	0.70*	0.35	0.03	0.57	0.09	0.65	0.28	-0.32