植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 554-563.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0446
收稿日期:
2015-12-07
接受日期:
2016-04-23
出版日期:
2016-06-10
发布日期:
2016-06-15
通讯作者:
高琼
Rong GONG1,2, Qiong GAO1,2,*(), Ya-Lin WANG1,2
Received:
2015-12-07
Accepted:
2016-04-23
Online:
2016-06-10
Published:
2016-06-15
Contact:
Qiong GAO
摘要:
为明确围栏封育对温带典型草原群落物种种间关系的影响, 运用方差比率法、基于2 × 2列联表的χ2检验、Ochiai指数、Spearman相关分析, 对位于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗封育6年的围封样地及围栏外样地的主要优势种及伴生种进行了种间关联和相关性分析。同时运用生态位宽度指数分析围栏内外物种对环境资源的利用能力及种间竞争情况。结果表明: 1) 基于2 × 2列联表的χ2检验结果表明围栏内9个种对显著正联结, 4个种对显著负联结(p ≤ 0.05), 围栏外有19个种对显著正联结, 8个种对显著负联结; Spearman秩相关分析表明围栏内有10个种对显著正相关, 16个种对显著负相关, 围栏外有12个种对显著正相关, 30个种对显著负相关。χ2检验和Spearman检验结果表明围栏内群落处于稳定发展状态, 而围栏外群落处于退化阶段。2)围栏内外的优势种Ochiai指数都较高, 但χ2检验并不显著, 表明优势种之间的关联程度高, 但存在相对独立的分布格局。3)围栏内主要优势种的生态位宽度大于围栏外, 说明围栏封育保护了主要优势种的生长。
龚容, 高琼, 王亚林. 围封对温带半干旱典型草原群落种间关联的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(6): 554-563. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0446
Rong GONG, Qiong GAO, Ya-Lin WANG. Effects of exclosure on community inter-specific relationships in a typical temperate grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(6): 554-563. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0446
编号 Numbers | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 生态位宽度 Niche breadth |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 98 | 9.814 | 1.95 |
2 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 84 | 8.608 | 1.88 |
3 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 91 | 7.747 | 1.93 |
4 | 糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa | 81 | 6.601 | 1.96 |
5 | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 70 | 5.689 | 1.82 |
6 | 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica | 53 | 5.101 | 1.72 |
7 | 碱韭 Allium polyrhizum | 67 | 4.243 | 1.81 |
8 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 45 | 3.965 | 1.47 |
9 | 龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 23 | 3.506 | 1.24 |
10 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 8 | 2.581 | 0.86 |
11 | 寸草 Carex duriuscula | 15 | 2.553 | 1.14 |
12 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 7 | 2.529 | 0.84 |
13 | 阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus | 17 | 2.385 | 1.22 |
14 | 瓣蕊唐松草 Thalictrum petaloideum | 6 | 2.003 | 0.75 |
表1 围栏内样地主要物种频度、重要值和生态位宽度
Table 1 The frequency, importance value and niche breadth of species inside the exclosure
编号 Numbers | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 生态位宽度 Niche breadth |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 98 | 9.814 | 1.95 |
2 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 84 | 8.608 | 1.88 |
3 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 91 | 7.747 | 1.93 |
4 | 糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa | 81 | 6.601 | 1.96 |
5 | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 70 | 5.689 | 1.82 |
6 | 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica | 53 | 5.101 | 1.72 |
7 | 碱韭 Allium polyrhizum | 67 | 4.243 | 1.81 |
8 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 45 | 3.965 | 1.47 |
9 | 龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 23 | 3.506 | 1.24 |
10 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 8 | 2.581 | 0.86 |
11 | 寸草 Carex duriuscula | 15 | 2.553 | 1.14 |
12 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 7 | 2.529 | 0.84 |
13 | 阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus | 17 | 2.385 | 1.22 |
14 | 瓣蕊唐松草 Thalictrum petaloideum | 6 | 2.003 | 0.75 |
编号 Numbers | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 生态位宽度 Niche breadth |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa | 97 | 10.180 | 1.86 |
2 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 79 | 9.674 | 1.84 |
3 | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 92 | 8.676 | 1.93 |
4 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 73 | 6.447 | 1.81 |
5 | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 55 | 6.284 | 1.71 |
6 | 碱韭 Allium polyrhizum | 82 | 5.518 | 1.89 |
7 | 栉叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata | 20 | 4.491 | 1.25 |
8 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 33 | 3.874 | 1.61 |
9 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 20 | 3.657 | 1.29 |
10 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 26 | 3.397 | 1.41 |
11 | 寸草 Carex duriuscula | 28 | 3.165 | 1.42 |
12 | 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica | 37 | 2.864 | 1.55 |
13 | 天名精 Carpesium abrotanoides | 22 | 2.613 | 1.32 |
14 | 龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 18 | 2.585 | 1.34 |
表2 围栏外样地主要物种频度、重要值和生态位宽度
Table 2 The frequency, importance value and niche breadth of species outside the exclosure
编号 Numbers | 物种 Species | 频度 Frequency | 重要值 Importance value | 生态位宽度 Niche breadth |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa | 97 | 10.180 | 1.86 |
2 | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 79 | 9.674 | 1.84 |
3 | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 92 | 8.676 | 1.93 |
4 | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 73 | 6.447 | 1.81 |
5 | 克氏针茅 Stipa krylovii | 55 | 6.284 | 1.71 |
6 | 碱韭 Allium polyrhizum | 82 | 5.518 | 1.89 |
7 | 栉叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata | 20 | 4.491 | 1.25 |
8 | 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca | 33 | 3.874 | 1.61 |
9 | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana | 20 | 3.657 | 1.29 |
10 | 冰草 Agropyron cristatum | 26 | 3.397 | 1.41 |
11 | 寸草 Carex duriuscula | 28 | 3.165 | 1.42 |
12 | 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica | 37 | 2.864 | 1.55 |
13 | 天名精 Carpesium abrotanoides | 22 | 2.613 | 1.32 |
14 | 龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus | 18 | 2.585 | 1.34 |
方差比率 Variance ratio | 检验统计量 Statistic ω | χ2临界值 χ2 threshold value | 结果 Results | |
---|---|---|---|---|
围栏内 Inside the exclosure | 1.320 | 132.42 | [77.93, 124.34] | 显著正联结 Significantly positive association |
围栏外 Outside the exclosure | 0.931 | 93.11 | [77.93, 124.34] | 不显著负联结 Insignificantly negative association |
表3 围栏内外群落整体关联性变化
Table 3 Dynamics of overall associations inside and outside the exclosure
方差比率 Variance ratio | 检验统计量 Statistic ω | χ2临界值 χ2 threshold value | 结果 Results | |
---|---|---|---|---|
围栏内 Inside the exclosure | 1.320 | 132.42 | [77.93, 124.34] | 显著正联结 Significantly positive association |
围栏外 Outside the exclosure | 0.931 | 93.11 | [77.93, 124.34] | 不显著负联结 Insignificantly negative association |
图1 围栏内χ2检验半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 1 The semi-matrix of the χ2 test inside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
图2 围栏外χ2检验半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 2 The semi-matrix of the χ2 test outside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
0 ≤ OI < 0.2 | 0.2 ≤ OI < 0.4 | 0.4 ≤ OI < 0.6 | 0.6 ≤ OI < 0.8 | 0.8 ≤ OI < 1 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | |||||
围栏内 Inside the exclosure | 20 | 22 | 36 | 39.6 | 15 | 16.5 | 7 | 7.7 | 13 | 14.3 | ||||
围栏外 Outside the exclosure | 8 | 8.8 | 21 | 23.1 | 46 | 50.5 | 8 | 8.8 | 9 | 9.9 |
表4 围栏内外Ochiai指数(OI)统计表
Table 4 Ochiai indices (OI) of inter-specific associations inside and outside the exclosure
0 ≤ OI < 0.2 | 0.2 ≤ OI < 0.4 | 0.4 ≤ OI < 0.6 | 0.6 ≤ OI < 0.8 | 0.8 ≤ OI < 1 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | 种对数 Species pairs | 百分比 Percentage (%) | |||||
围栏内 Inside the exclosure | 20 | 22 | 36 | 39.6 | 15 | 16.5 | 7 | 7.7 | 13 | 14.3 | ||||
围栏外 Outside the exclosure | 8 | 8.8 | 21 | 23.1 | 46 | 50.5 | 8 | 8.8 | 9 | 9.9 |
图3 围栏内Ochiai指数(OI)半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 3 The semi-matrix of Ochiai indices (OI) for species in plots inside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
图4 围栏外Ochiai指数(OI)半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 4 The semi-matrix of Ochiai indices (OI) for species in plots outside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
图5 围栏内14个物种间Spearman相关分析半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花f苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 5 The semi-matrix of the Spearman correlation analysis for species in plots inside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
图6 围栏外14个物种间Spearman相关分析半矩阵图。物种代号: 1, 猪毛蒿; 2, 冷蒿; 3, 羊草; 4, 糙隐子草; 5, 克氏针茅; 6, 花苜蓿; 7, 碱韭; 8, 二裂委陵菜; 9, 龙蒿; 10, 大籽蒿; 11, 寸草; 12, 冰草; 13, 阿尔泰狗娃花; 14, 瓣蕊唐松草。
Fig. 6 The semi-matrix of the Spearman correlation analysis for species in plots outside the exclosure. Species codes: 1, Artemisia scoparia; 2, Artemisia frigid; 3, Leymus chinensis; 4, Cleistogenes squarrosa; 5, Stipa krylovii; 6, Medicago ruthenica; 7, Allium polyrhizum; 8, Potentilla bifurca; 9, Artemisia dracunculus; 10, Artemisia sieversiana; 11, Carex duriuscula; 12, Agropyron cristatum; 13, Aster altaicus; 14, Thalictrum petaloideum.
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