不同生活型绿化植物叶片碳同位素组成的季节特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过测定北京地区不同生活型绿化植物叶片的碳同位素组成(δ¹³C值), 从植物种和生活型两个方面研究植物水分利用效率的自然可变性。结果表明: 所测定的75种植物(隶属于35科65属)的叶片的δ¹³C值变幅, 春季为-30.7‰ - -23.4‰, 夏季为-31.5‰ - -25.1‰, 秋季为-31.4‰ - -23.9‰; 落叶灌木种间差异不显著(p = 0.114), 而常绿乔木(p = 0.005)、落叶乔木(p < 0.001)、常绿灌木(p = 0.022)、草本植物(p < 0.001)和藤本植物(p = 0.001)的种间差异显著或极显著; 同一生活型植物叶片的δ¹³C季节差异显著, 春季叶片的δ¹³C值显著大于夏秋两季(常绿乔木除外), 不同生活型植物叶片的δ¹³C值在春、夏、秋3个季节差异都达到了极显著水平(春季p = 0.001、夏季p < 0.001、秋季p < 0.001), 且叶片的δ¹³C值表现出乔木树种>灌木树种>藤本植物>草本植物、常绿植物>落叶植物的规律。因此, 植物种和生活型均会引起植物叶片δ¹³C值的变化, 但δ¹³C受生活型变化的影响较大, 表明不同生活型植物的水分利用效率具有明显差异。

关键词: 碳同位素组成, 绿化植物, 生活型, 季节特征, 水分利用高效率

Abstract:

Aims Plants with high water use efficiency could contribute to an overall lower water-using landscape. Our objective was to analyze differences in water use efficiency among landscaping plants in Beijing, China.

Methods We used stable carbon isotope techniques to investigate δ¹³C values of 75 species belonging to 35 families and 65 genera in spring, summer and autumn in 2006 and analyzed variations in water use efficiency of different plant species and different life forms (evergreen tree, deciduous tree, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, forb and liana).

Important findings Leaf δ¹³C values varied between -30.7‰ and -23.4‰ in spring, -31.5‰ and -25.1‰ in summer and -31.4‰ and -23.9‰ in autumn. Differences of δ¹³C values were not significant in deciduous shrub species (p = 0.114), but were significant in evergreen trees (p = 0.005), deciduous trees (p < 0.001), evergreen shrubs (p = 0.022), forbs (p < 0.001) and lianas (p = 0.001). Leaf δ¹³C values were significantly different among seasons, being greater in spring than in summer and autumn (except for evergreen trees). The δ¹³C values for life forms were significantly different in different seasons, with a sequence of trees>shrubs>lianas>forbs, and evergreen plants>deciduous plants. Results showed that variation of leaf δ¹³C is dependent on species and life form, especially life form, and that water use efficiency differed greatly among life forms.

Key words: carbon isotope composition, landscape plants, life form, seasonal characteristic, water use efficiency

王玉涛, 李吉跃, 刘平, 陈崇, 何春霞. 不同生活型绿化植物叶片碳同位素组成的季节特征. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(2): 151-159. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.006

WANG Yu-Tao, LI Ji-Yue, LIU Ping, CHEN Chong, HE Chun-Xia. Seasonal differences in leaf carbon isotope composition among landscaping species of different life forms in Beijing, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(2): 151-159. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.006

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.006

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I2/151

图/表 6

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缩写Abbreviations	种 Species	科 Families	生活型 Life forms
Plo	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Sch	桧柏 Sabina chinensis	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Cd	雪松 Cedrus deodara	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pt	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pb	白皮松 Pinus bungeana	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pa	华山松 Pinus armandii	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Atr	元宝枫 Acer truncatum	槭树科 Aceraceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Rht	火炬树 Rhus typhina	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Cb	楸树 Catalpa bungei	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Dk	柿树 Diospyros kaki	柿科 Ebenaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Eu	杜仲 Eucommia ulmoides	杜仲科 Eucommiaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Rp	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Sj	国槐 Sophora japonica	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Gb	银杏 Ginkgo biloba	银杏科 Ginkgoaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Lct	杂种马褂木 Liriodendron chinense×L.tulipifera	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Md	玉兰 Magnolia denudata	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Frc	白蜡 Fraxinus chinesis	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Crp	山楂 Crataegus pinnatifida	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Pot	毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Smp	绦柳 Salix matsudana f. pendula	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Smu	馒头柳 Salix matsudana f. umbraculifera	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Kp	栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata	无患子科 Sapindaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Aa	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	苦木科 Simarubaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Tm	辽椴 Tilia mandshurica	椴树科 Tiliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Bs	小叶黄杨 Buxus microphylla	黄杨科 Buxaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ej	大叶黄杨 Euonymus japonicus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Sv	沙地柏 Sabina vulgaris	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ep	胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Lv	金叶女贞 Ligustrum × vicaryi	木犀科 Oleaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ch	平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	半常绿灌木 Semi evergreen shrub
Rc	月季 Rosa chinensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	半常绿灌木 Semi evergreen shrub
Cc	黄栌 Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Bta	紫叶小檗 Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurpurea Nana’	小蘗科 Berberidaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ac	糯米条 Abelia chinensis	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Lm	金银木 Lonicera maackii	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Vs	天目琼花 Viburnum sargentii	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Wc	海仙花 Weigela coraeensis	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Wfr	红王子锦带 Weigela florida ‘Red Prince’	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ca	红瑞木 Cornus alba	山茱萸科 Cornaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Hrs	沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Af	紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Bl	醉鱼草 Buddleja lindleyana	马钱科 Loganiaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Li	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	千屈菜科 Lythraceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Chr	流苏 Chionanthus retusus	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Jm	迎春 Jasminum nudiflorum	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
So	紫丁香 Syringa oblata	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Pp	太平花 Philadelphus pekinensis	山梅花科 Philadelphaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Cs	贴梗海棠 Chaenomeles speciosa	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Kjp	重瓣棣棠 Kerria japonica f. pleniflora	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Mrj	红玉海棠 Malus ‘Red jude’	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Pca	紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ppd	碧桃 Prunus persica var. duplex	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Prt	榆叶梅 Prunus triloba	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ss	珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Sl	银芽柳 Salix leucopithecia	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ccw	金叶莸 Caryopteris clandonensis ‘Worcester Gold’	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Vnh	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Tp	孔雀草 Tagetes patula	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生草本 Annual forb
Vd	婆婆纳 Veronica didyma	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	一年或两年生草本 Annual or biennial forb
Cg	大花金鸡菊 Corepsis grandiflora	菊科 Asteraceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Ov	二月兰 Orychophragmus viloaceus	十字花科 Brassicaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Ssp	八宝景天 Sedum spectabile	景天科 Crassulaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
It	鸢尾 Iris tectorum	鸢尾科 Iridaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Mod	美国薄荷 Monarda didyma	唇形科 Lamiaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Hf	萱草 Hemerocallis fulva	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Hp	玉簪 Hosta plantaginea	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Opj	麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Vph	紫花地丁 Viola philippica subsp. munda	堇菜科 Violaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Cr	美国凌霄 Campsis radicans	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Lj	金银花 Lonicera japonica	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	半常绿藤本 Semi evergreen liana
Co	南蛇藤 Celastrus orbiculatus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Eo	小叶扶芳藤 Euonymus fortunei var. microphyllus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Ws	紫藤 Wisteria sinensis	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Poa	山荞麦 Polygonum aubertii	蓼科 Polygonaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Pq	五叶地锦 Parthenocissus quinquefolia	葡萄科 Vitaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana

缩写Abbreviations	种 Species	科 Families	生活型 Life forms
Plo	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Sch	桧柏 Sabina chinensis	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Cd	雪松 Cedrus deodara	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pt	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pb	白皮松 Pinus bungeana	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Pa	华山松 Pinus armandii	松科 Pinaceae	常绿乔木 Evergreen tree
Atr	元宝枫 Acer truncatum	槭树科 Aceraceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Rht	火炬树 Rhus typhina	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Cb	楸树 Catalpa bungei	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Dk	柿树 Diospyros kaki	柿科 Ebenaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Eu	杜仲 Eucommia ulmoides	杜仲科 Eucommiaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Rp	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Sj	国槐 Sophora japonica	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Gb	银杏 Ginkgo biloba	银杏科 Ginkgoaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Lct	杂种马褂木 Liriodendron chinense×L.tulipifera	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Md	玉兰 Magnolia denudata	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Frc	白蜡 Fraxinus chinesis	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Crp	山楂 Crataegus pinnatifida	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Pot	毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Smp	绦柳 Salix matsudana f. pendula	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Smu	馒头柳 Salix matsudana f. umbraculifera	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Kp	栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata	无患子科 Sapindaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Aa	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	苦木科 Simarubaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Tm	辽椴 Tilia mandshurica	椴树科 Tiliaceae	落叶乔木 Deciduous tree
Bs	小叶黄杨 Buxus microphylla	黄杨科 Buxaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ej	大叶黄杨 Euonymus japonicus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Sv	沙地柏 Sabina vulgaris	柏科 Cupressaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ep	胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Lv	金叶女贞 Ligustrum × vicaryi	木犀科 Oleaceae	常绿灌木 Evergreen shrub
Ch	平枝栒子 Cotoneaster horizontalis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	半常绿灌木 Semi evergreen shrub
Rc	月季 Rosa chinensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	半常绿灌木 Semi evergreen shrub
Cc	黄栌 Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Bta	紫叶小檗 Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurpurea Nana’	小蘗科 Berberidaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ac	糯米条 Abelia chinensis	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Lm	金银木 Lonicera maackii	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Vs	天目琼花 Viburnum sargentii	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Wc	海仙花 Weigela coraeensis	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Wfr	红王子锦带 Weigela florida ‘Red Prince’	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ca	红瑞木 Cornus alba	山茱萸科 Cornaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Hrs	沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Af	紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Bl	醉鱼草 Buddleja lindleyana	马钱科 Loganiaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Li	紫薇 Lagerstroemia indica	千屈菜科 Lythraceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Chr	流苏 Chionanthus retusus	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Jm	迎春 Jasminum nudiflorum	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
So	紫丁香 Syringa oblata	木犀科 Oleaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Pp	太平花 Philadelphus pekinensis	山梅花科 Philadelphaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Cs	贴梗海棠 Chaenomeles speciosa	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Kjp	重瓣棣棠 Kerria japonica f. pleniflora	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Mrj	红玉海棠 Malus ‘Red jude’	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Pca	紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ppd	碧桃 Prunus persica var. duplex	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Prt	榆叶梅 Prunus triloba	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ss	珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Sl	银芽柳 Salix leucopithecia	杨柳科 Salicaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Ccw	金叶莸 Caryopteris clandonensis ‘Worcester Gold’	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Vnh	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	落叶灌木 Deciduous shrub
Tp	孔雀草 Tagetes patula	菊科 Asteraceae	一年生草本 Annual forb
Vd	婆婆纳 Veronica didyma	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	一年或两年生草本 Annual or biennial forb
Cg	大花金鸡菊 Corepsis grandiflora	菊科 Asteraceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Ov	二月兰 Orychophragmus viloaceus	十字花科 Brassicaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Ssp	八宝景天 Sedum spectabile	景天科 Crassulaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
It	鸢尾 Iris tectorum	鸢尾科 Iridaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Mod	美国薄荷 Monarda didyma	唇形科 Lamiaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Hf	萱草 Hemerocallis fulva	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Hp	玉簪 Hosta plantaginea	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Opj	麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus	百合科 Liliaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Vph	紫花地丁 Viola philippica subsp. munda	堇菜科 Violaceae	多年生草本 Perennial forb
Cr	美国凌霄 Campsis radicans	紫葳科 Bignoniaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Lj	金银花 Lonicera japonica	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	半常绿藤本 Semi evergreen liana
Co	南蛇藤 Celastrus orbiculatus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Eo	小叶扶芳藤 Euonymus fortunei var. microphyllus	卫矛科 Celastraceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Ws	紫藤 Wisteria sinensis	蝶形花科 Fabaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Poa	山荞麦 Polygonum aubertii	蓼科 Polygonaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana
Pq	五叶地锦 Parthenocissus quinquefolia	葡萄科 Vitaceae	落叶藤本 Deciduous liana