云南新平铁坚油杉森林群落结构特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0196

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

摸清珍稀濒危抗旱植物铁坚油杉(Keteleeria davidiana)的种群数量及其分布情况, 能够为珍稀濒危物种保护工作提供基础数据。该文对云南省新平县6个乡镇铁坚油杉群落进行样方调查分析, 每个乡镇设置3个样方, 样方面积为20 m × 20 m, 记录样方生境信息、统计群落物种组成及其数量特征, 对群落类型及其结构特征进行了统计和分析。主要结果: (1)在调查样地内, 共有维管束植物163种, 隶属于58科131属; (2)植物群落区系分布类型有12种, 以热带成分和中国特有种为主, 热带成分占优势; (3)群落内乔木和灌木植物最多, 占62.58%, 其次是多年生草本植物; (4)按照建群种和生活型, 可将18组植被样方数据划分为3个群系17个群落类型; (5)年龄结构不合理, 铁坚油杉种群结构呈衰退趋势, 自然居群已成为小种群。如果铁坚油杉群落没有足够的幼苗进行更新和补充, 铁坚油杉将退出当前的群落。

关键词: 铁坚油杉, 物种多样性, 群落特征

Abstract:

Aims Understanding the population quantity and distribution of a drought-resistant plant, Keteleeria davidiana, can assist the protection of this rare and endangered species.
Methods The K. davidiana forest communities were investigated in dry land of 6 townships in Xinping County, Yunnan Province, in three 20 m × 20 m plots for each township, and analyzed for structural characteristics in consideration of species composition and life-forms.
Important findings We found 163 vascular plants belonging to 131 genera and 58 families in the plots with a total area of 7 200 m². The communities are classified into 12 zonal types containing predominantly tropical and endemic species to China, dominated by the tropical components. Trees and shrubs (accounted for 62.58%) are dominant life-forms, followed by perennial herb. Based on the foundation species and life-form, the data of 18 vegetation plots were classified into 3 formations and 17 community types. The analysis of stumpage structure showed that the population structure of K. davidiana tended to recess, and the natural populations are small. If lacks sufficient regeneration seedlings, the K. davidiana trees would decline and diminish from the communities.

Key words: Keteleeria davidiana, species diversity, community characteristics

钏会艳, 贾东瑞, 浦江, 张翠萍, 李淑英, 周元清. 云南新平铁坚油杉森林群落结构特征. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 207-212. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0196

CHUAN Hui-Yan, JIA Dong-Rui, PU Jiang, ZHANG Cui-Ping, LI Shu-Ying, ZHOU Yuan-Qing. Structural characteristics of Keteleeria davidiana forest communities in Xinping, Yunnan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(2): 207-212. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0196

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0196

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/207

图/表 5

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类别 Category	物种组成(比例) Species composition (percentage, %)			各生活型数量(比例) No. of life-forms (percentage, %)
类别 Category	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	藤本 Vine	一年生草本 Annual herb	多年生草本 Perennial herb
蕨类 Pteridophytes	5 (8.62)	5 (3.82)	6 (3.68)	-	-	-	-	6 (3.68)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	1 (1.73)	2 (1.52)	2 (1.22)	2 (1.23)	-	-	-	-
被子植物 Angiosperms	52 (89.65)	124 (94.66)	155 (95.10)	63 (38.65)	37 (22.70)	10 (6.13)	13 (7.98)	32 (19.63)
单子叶植物 Monocotyledons	6 (10.34)	20 (15.27)	22 (13.50)	1 (0.61)	-	1 (0.61)	5 (3.07)	15 (9.20)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledons	46 (79.31)	104 (79.39)	133 (81.60)	62 (38.04)	37 (22.70)	9 (5.52)	8 (4.91)	17 (10.43)
合计 Total	58	131	163	65 (39.88)	37 (22.70)	10 (6.13)	13 (7.98)	38 (23.31)

类别 Category	物种组成(比例) Species composition (percentage, %)			各生活型数量(比例) No. of life-forms (percentage, %)
类别 Category	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	藤本 Vine	一年生草本 Annual herb	多年生草本 Perennial herb
蕨类 Pteridophytes	5 (8.62)	5 (3.82)	6 (3.68)	-	-	-	-	6 (3.68)
裸子植物 Gymnosperms	1 (1.73)	2 (1.52)	2 (1.22)	2 (1.23)	-	-	-	-
被子植物 Angiosperms	52 (89.65)	124 (94.66)	155 (95.10)	63 (38.65)	37 (22.70)	10 (6.13)	13 (7.98)	32 (19.63)
单子叶植物 Monocotyledons	6 (10.34)	20 (15.27)	22 (13.50)	1 (0.61)	-	1 (0.61)	5 (3.07)	15 (9.20)
双子叶植物 Dicotyledons	46 (79.31)	104 (79.39)	133 (81.60)	62 (38.04)	37 (22.70)	9 (5.52)	8 (4.91)	17 (10.43)
合计 Total	58	131	163	65 (39.88)	37 (22.70)	10 (6.13)	13 (7.98)	38 (23.31)

种分布区类型 Zonal types of species	种数 No. of Species	比例 Percentage (%)
世界广布 Cosmoplitan	9	5.52
泛热带 Pantropic	3	1.84
东亚(热带和亚热带)及热带南美间断 East Asia (Tropical and Subtropical) and Tropical South America disjuncted	5	3.07
旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2	1.23
热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	5	3.07
热带亚洲至非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.45
热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	80	49.08
北温带 North Temperate	1	0.61
旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	1	0.61
地中海区、西亚至中亚 Mediterranean area, West Asia to Central Asia	9	5.52
东亚(东喜马拉雅至日本) East Asia (East Himalaya to Japan)	12	7.36
中国特有 Endemic to China	32	19.64

种分布区类型 Zonal types of species	种数 No. of Species	比例 Percentage (%)
世界广布 Cosmoplitan	9	5.52
泛热带 Pantropic	3	1.84
东亚(热带和亚热带)及热带南美间断 East Asia (Tropical and Subtropical) and Tropical South America disjuncted	5	3.07
旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2	1.23
热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	5	3.07
热带亚洲至非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.45
热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	80	49.08
北温带 North Temperate	1	0.61
旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	1	0.61
地中海区、西亚至中亚 Mediterranean area, West Asia to Central Asia	9	5.52
东亚(东喜马拉雅至日本) East Asia (East Himalaya to Japan)	12	7.36
中国特有 Endemic to China	32	19.64

群系 Alliance	群落 Community	样地编号 Plot number	种数 Species number
铁坚油杉林 Keteleeria davidiana Forest Alliance	铁坚油杉-绒毛叶杭子梢-刚莠竹 Keteleeria davidiana - Campylotropis pinetorum subsp. Velutina - Microstegium ciliatum	G2	37
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-荩草 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Arthraxon hispidus	S1, L1	42, 52
	铁坚油杉-羊耳菊-假杜鹃 Keteleeria davidiana- Duhaldea cappa - Barleria cristata	L2	23
	铁坚油杉-斜叶黄檀-芸香草 Keteleeria davidiana - Dalbergia pinnata - Cymbopogon distans	L3	33
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-柳叶箬 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Isachne globosa	Z1	39
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-刚莠竹 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Microstegium ciliatum	Z2	41
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-石芒草 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Arundinella nepalensis	M1	28
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-浆果薹草 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Carex baccans	M2	39
	铁坚油杉-五月茶-孩儿草 Keteleeria davidiana - Antidesma bunius - Rungia pectinata	S2	55
	铁坚油杉-巴豆藤-山菅 Keteleeria davidiana - Craspedolobium unijugum - Dianella ensifolia	S3	44
	铁坚油杉-泡腺血桐-浆果薹草 Keteleeria davidiana - Macaranga pustulata - Carex baccans	X1	40
	铁坚油杉-锥连栎-柳叶箬 Keteleeria davidiana- Quercus franchetii - Isachne globosa	X2	24
	铁坚油杉-高山锥-石芒草 Keteleeria davidiana- Castanopsis delavayi - Arundinella nepalensis	X3	31
云南松林 Pinus yunnanensis Forest Alliance	云南松-锥连栎-石芒草 Pinus yunnanensis - Quercus franchetii - Arundinella nepalensis	G3	21
	云南松-盐肤木-破坏草 Pinus yunnanensis - Rhus chinensis - Ageratina adenophora	Z3	45
	云南松-黄毛青冈-荩草 Pinus yunnanensis- Cyclobalanopsis delavayi - Arthraxon hispidus	M3	40
麻栎林 Quercus acutissima Forest Alliance	麻栎-水锦树-黄茅 Quercus acutissima - Wendlandia uvariifolia - Heteropogon contortus	G1	18