Effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration during growing season in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0024

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

Our objective was to explore the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity during growing season in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in East China.

Methods

Three levels of N fertilization, N1 (15 g·m^-2·a^-1), N2 (30 g·m^-2·a^-1), and N3 (45 g·m^-2·a^-1), and the control group (CK) were set up in winter wheat fields. The LI-8100 Automated Soil CO₂ Flux System was used to measure soil respiration rate during the growing season (December 2013 to May 2014) of winter wheat.

Important findings

During the growing season of winter wheat, mean soil respiration rates of N1, N2 and N3 treatments were 5.29, 6.17 and 6.75 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, which were 7.8%, 23.6% and 37.8% greater than that of the CK (4.90 μmol·m^-2·s^-1). Compared to CK, the N1, N2, and N3 treatments increased the aboveground biomass by 39.9%, 104.4%, and 200.2%, respectively, and the increases were significantly correlated with total soil respiration during the growing season. Soil respiration increased exponentially with soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm, which explained 65%-75% of the variation (p < 0.05). The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀) calculated based an exponential equation was between 2.09 and 2.32. These results suggested that nitrogen fertilization promoted plant growth, significantly increased biomass of winter wheat, and stimulated the soil respiration.

Key words: N fertilization levels, Triticum aestivum, soil respiration

JIN Wan-Yu,LI Ming,HE Yang-Hui,DU Zheng-Gang,SHAO Jun-Jiong,ZHANG Guo-Dong,ZHOU Ling-Yan,ZHOU Xu-Hui. Effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration during growing season in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(3): 249-257.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0024

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2015/V39/I3/249

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Climate conditions (temperature and moisture) of Qianjin Farm, Chongming Island during the growing season (from December 2013 to May 2014) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). A, Record of mean daily air temperature and precipitation. B, Changes in daily mean temperature and soil moisture at 5 cm soil depth.

Fig. 2 Seasonal changes in the rate of soil respiration in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) during growing season under different levels of nitrogen fertilization (mean ± SE). CK, control group; N1, N fertilization at 15 g·m-2·a-1; N2, N fertilization at 30 g·m-2·a-1; N3, N fertilization at 45 g·m-2·a-1.

Table 1 Cumulative soil respiration at different growth stages under different levels of nitrogen fertilization (mol·m-2) (mean ± SE)

	播种出苗期 Planting and seeding stage	返青拔节期 Dressing at jointing stage	孕穗抽穗期 Booting to heading stage	开花成熟期 Flowering and mature stage	总生长期 Whole growing season
CK (Control)	1.66 ± 0.09^c	3.47 ± 0.27^b	5.51 ± 0.46^c	9.26 ± 0.83^c	18.53 ± 1.27^c
N1 (15 g·m^-2·a^-1)	1.78 ± 0.14^bc	3.57 ± 0.21^b	5.95 ± 0.45^bc	10.69 ± 0.83^c	20.26 ± 1.51^bc
N2 (30 g·m^-2·a^-1)	2.07 ± 0.19^a	3.99 ± 0.36^ab	6.92 ± 0.53^ab	12.96 ± 1.17^ab	23.79 ± 2.13^ab
N3 (45 g·m^-2·a^-1)	2.36 ± 0.18^a	4.53 ± 0.41^a	7.77 ± 0.73^a	13.28 ± 1.21^a	25.87 ± 2.08^a

Fig. 3 Relationship between soil respiration rate (Rs) and soil temperature (T) fitted with an exponential model. A, Control group, CK. B, N1, N fertilization at 15 g·m-2·a-1. C, N2, N fertilization at 30 g·m-2·a-1. D, N3, N fertilization at 45 g·m-2·a-1. Each value represents one measurement.

Fig. 4 Total aboveground biomass of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different levels of nitrogen fertilization (mean ± SE). CK, control group; N1, N fertilization at 15 g·m-2·a-1; N2, N fertilization at 30 g·m-2·a-1; N3, N fertilization at 45 g·m-2·a-1. Different lowercase letters denote significant differ- ences among different treatments.

Fig. 5 Relationship between soil respiration and total aboveground biomass in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) during growth season (mean ± SE).

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