Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Canopy structure of crops is an important factor affecting crop yield. The microenvironment of a community reflects the change of microclimate in the canopy, which is closely related to the canopy structure and crop yield formation. The aim of this study was to optimize the cultivation measures and improve the production potential and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Methods A field experiment was set up to be composed of two row spacing modes, R₁ (equal spacing, 20 cm + 20 cm) and R₂ (wide and narrow row spacing, 12 cm + 12 cm + 12 cm + 24 cm), and three sowing rates, D₁ (low, 120.0 kg·hm^-2), D₂ (medium, 157.5 kg·hm^-2), D₃ (high, 195.0 kg·hm^-2), then the canopy structure, community microenvironment and yield performance of winter wheat under each treatment combination were analyzed.

Important findings For the diffusenon-interceptance (DIFN), mean leaf angle (MLA) and leaf area index (LAI) of each layer of the winter wheat canopy, R₂ was greater than R₁, especially in the middle and upper layers of the canopy. For the MLA and LAI of each layer, R₂ was mostly significantly greater than R₁; Under the same row spacing, the LAI of the high seeding population dropped rapidly, and LAI of the D₂ seeding rate and the middle and lower MLA were significantly higher than the other seeding rates at D₂. Winter wheat canopy temperature and community CO₂ concentration decreased with the increased sowing rate, while the relative humidity increased with the increased sowing rate; Under the same sowing rate, the row spacing of R₂ had more cooling and moisturizing ability than that of R₁. The average temperature and relative humidity of the overall canopy decreased by 0.06-0.5 °C and increased by 1.85%-3.15% compared with R₁, respectively. Under the same sowing rate, the 1 000 grain weight and grain number per spike of R₂ were significantly higher than that of R₁, so the grain yield of R₂ was also significantly higher than that of R₁. In conclusion, the horizontal distribution of crops can change the vertical structure of canopy and community microenvironment, which is conducive to grain filling in the late growth stage, and increase the number of grains per year and 1 000 grain mass without reducing the number of spikes, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield. In this experiment, R₂D₂was the best configuration for canopy structure, community microenvironment and yield.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, horizontal distribution, vertical structure of canopy, microenvironment, yield

XIONG Shu-Ping, CAO Wen-Bo, CAO Rui, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, FU Xin-Lu, XU Sai-Jun, PAN Hu-Qiang, WANG Xiao-Chun, MA Xin-Ming. Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 188-196.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0165

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I2/188

Figures/Tables 10

References 23

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行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)	基本苗 Basic seedling (10⁴·hm^-2)
R₁	120.0	214.95 ± 4.65
	157.5	297.15 ± 6.00
	195.0	365.40 ± 5.85
R₂	120.0	223.50 ± 8.85
	157.5	291.60 ± 10.65
	195.0	358.35 ± 9.15

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)	基本苗 Basic seedling (10⁴·hm^-2)
R₁	120.0	214.95 ± 4.65
	157.5	297.15 ± 6.00
	195.0	365.40 ± 5.85
R₂	120.0	223.50 ± 8.85
	157.5	291.60 ± 10.65
	195.0	358.35 ± 9.15

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Lower layer
R₁	D₁	0.282 ± 0.003^b	0.122 ± 0.004^b	0.038 ± 0.001^ab
	D₂	0.272 ± 0.001^c	0.109 ± 0.002^cd	0.035 ± 0.003^bc
	D₃	0.253 ± 0.004^d	0.084 ± 0.001^f	0.029 ± 0.001^d
R₂	D₁	0.312 ± 0.005^a	0.129 ± 0.002^a	0.041 ± 0.001^a
	D₂	0.287 ± 0.001^b	0.113 ± 0.002^c	0.038 ± 0.001^a
	D₃	0.259 ± 0.002^d	0.095 ± 0.006^e	0.033 ± 0.001^c
R	F	86.73^**	15.32^*	15.61^*
D	F	167.57^**	124.99^**	29.78^**
R × D	F	13.63^*	1.24	0.03

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Lower layer
R₁	D₁	0.282 ± 0.003^b	0.122 ± 0.004^b	0.038 ± 0.001^ab
	D₂	0.272 ± 0.001^c	0.109 ± 0.002^cd	0.035 ± 0.003^bc
	D₃	0.253 ± 0.004^d	0.084 ± 0.001^f	0.029 ± 0.001^d
R₂	D₁	0.312 ± 0.005^a	0.129 ± 0.002^a	0.041 ± 0.001^a
	D₂	0.287 ± 0.001^b	0.113 ± 0.002^c	0.038 ± 0.001^a
	D₃	0.259 ± 0.002^d	0.095 ± 0.006^e	0.033 ± 0.001^c
R	F	86.73^**	15.32^*	15.61^*
D	F	167.57^**	124.99^**	29.78^**
R × D	F	13.63^*	1.24	0.03

行距配置 Row spacing configuration	播量 Sowing rate	上层 Upper layer	中层 Middle layer	下层 Lower layer
R₁	D₁	65.69 ± 0.45^c	58.75 ± 0.18^d	53.30 ± 0.43^d
	D₂	66.47 ± 0.36^b	61.46 ± 0.04^b	57.00 ± 0.30^b
	D₃	67.71 ± 0.46^a	59.50 ± 0.10^c	55.42 ± 0.27^c
R₂	D₁	66.53 ± 0.03^b	59.96 ± 0.09^c	54.92 ± 0.20^c
	D₂	67.57 ± 0.14^a	62.37 ± 0.47^a	57.79 ± 0.38^a
	D₃	67.63 ± 0.14^a	60.95 ± 0.42^b	56.80 ± 0.17^b
R	F	12.05^**	56.59^**	51.39^**
D	F	25.34^**	90.23^**	117.60^**
R × D	F	3.97^*	0.93	1.99