Chin J Plan Ecolo ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1101-1109.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

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Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil

ZHANG Jia-Lei1,2, GUO Feng1,2, MENG Jing-Jing1,2, YU Xiao-Xia3, YANG Sha1,2, ZHANG Si-Bin3, GENG Yun1,2, LI Xin-Guo1,2,*(), WAN Shu-Bo1,2,*()   

  1. 1Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
    2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China
    and 3Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Wendeng City, Weihai, Shandong 26400, China
  • Received:2015-07-09 Accepted:2015-10-24 Online:2015-11-01 Published:2015-12-02
  • Contact: Xin-Guo LI,Shu-Bo WAN
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Abstract:

AimsPeanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the calcium (Ca)-like crops. In acidic soil, low soil exchangeable Ca2+ content, which usually is caused by eluviation, can affect peanut pod development, even causes pod unfilled. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil.Methods ‘Huayu22’ was used as materials, and field experiments were conducted in Wendeng, Weihai (2013) and Sanzhuang, Rizhao (2014), respectively. Three treatments were carried out, i.e. No Ca-application (T0), 14 kg·667 m-2 fused CaO (T1) and 28 kg·667 m-2 fused CaO (T2). Top 3rd leaves of main stems were harvested to determine the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme every 15 days from anthesis to mature period. Additionally, the pod traits and yield were investigated at harvest time. Uniform dry pods were used to determine the quality of kernel.Important findings Application of calcium fertilizer significantly increased the pod yield of peanut in acid soil. Yield of T1 treatment increased by 26.92% and T2 increased by 21.65% on average at two sites. It might be related to higher pod numbers per plant, higher double kernel rate, and higher plumpness of kernel under T1 and T2 treatment than under T0 treatment. Simultaneously, application of calcium fertilizer also significantly increased the protein and fat content of peanut in acidic soil. The protein content increased 2.02% and the fat content increased 3.01% on average in T1 treatment, respectively. The protein content increased 1.56% and the fat content increased 2.58% in T2 treatment, respectively. Additionally, Calcium fertilizer not only improved the lysine and total amino acid content but also improved oleic/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio of peanut in acidic soil. These might be due to higher activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the leaves of peanut in acidic soil under T1 and T2 treatments than under T0 treatment. What’s more, the activity of GS of peanut treated with T1 was higher than that treated with T2. Application of Calcium fertilizer also improved the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) of peanut at early growing period, but the activities at late growth stage were lower than T0 treatment. Our results demonstrate that the economic performance of 14 kg·667 m-2 fused CaO was the best one among these three treatments applied.

Key words: peanut, acidic soil, calcium fertilizer, yield, quality, enzyme activity