Effects of long-term flooding on respiratory metabolism of Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’ seedlings

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0292

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha’ had a strong submergence tolerance, but the biological mechanism is not clearly defined. The respiratory metabolism for the tolerance of Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’ ((Taxodium distichum × Taxodium mucronatum) × Taxodium mucronatum) to long-term flooding was investigated through the measuring and analyzing the changes in root starch and soluble sugar as well as the contents of anaerobic respiration enzymes, including lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC)), in the ‘Zhongshansha 118’ seedling. The biomass and activities of the seedling roots were also measured and analyzed.Methods 24 1-year Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’ seedlings were randomly and equally divided into four groups and each group experienced one of four different levels of flooding (i.e., no flooding, waterlogging, partial submergence, deep submergence) from August 8 to November 8, 2014.Important findings The results showed that the contents of the anaerobic respiration enzymes in the seedling roots and leaves are increasing with the levels of severity of flooding, which indicated the roots and leaves adapt to long-term flooding by reinforcing their anaerobic respiration and activities of ADH that were higher than LDH for roots and leaves used in alcoholic fermentation mainly. The activities of anaerobic respiration enzymes in leaves were higher than that in roots, while leaves were more sensitive to flooding. The starch and soluble sugar in roots and leaves had similar trend with anaerobic respiration enzymes. However, roots starch was higher than leaves where soluble sugar was lower than roots. The higher content of starch were the important reason of strong submergence tolerance, and we consider the strategy to fit into long-term flooding is patience type. The paper demonstrate Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’ have the physiological and the morphological properties to adapt to long-term flooding, including aerial root and basal part of stem expanded and the outer wall of the root lignified to protect the roots from flooding.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201606007

Key words: flooding stress, anaerobic respiration enzymes, soluble sugar, flooding tolerance, Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha’

Yan-Ting ZHANG, Jian-Jun ZHANG, Jian-Xiu WANG, Xiao-Hong WU, Bao-Qiang CHEN, Peng-Fei LI, Zhi-Zhen WANG. Effects of long-term flooding on respiratory metabolism of Taxodium ‘Zhongshansha 118’ seedlings[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(6): 585-593.

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Figures/Tables 7

References 34

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处理 Treatment	根质量 Root mass (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根系分形维数 Root fractal dimension
对照 Control	10.23 ± 3.03^a	873 ± 101^a	256 ± 87^a	1.67 ± 0.05^a
水浸 Waterlogging	7.59 ± 1.21^a	666 ± 105^b	227 ± 94^a	1.60 ± 0.09^a
浅淹 Partial submergence	7.89 ± 0.94^a	655 ± 114^b	236 ± 59^a	1.63 ± 0.04^a
深淹 Deep submergence	5.26 ± 0.54^a	508 ± 99^c	164 ± 87^a	1.61 ± 0.07^a

处理 Treatment	根质量 Root mass (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根系分形维数 Root fractal dimension
对照 Control	10.23 ± 3.03^a	873 ± 101^a	256 ± 87^a	1.67 ± 0.05^a
水浸 Waterlogging	7.59 ± 1.21^a	666 ± 105^b	227 ± 94^a	1.60 ± 0.09^a
浅淹 Partial submergence	7.89 ± 0.94^a	655 ± 114^b	236 ± 59^a	1.63 ± 0.04^a
深淹 Deep submergence	5.26 ± 0.54^a	508 ± 99^c	164 ± 87^a	1.61 ± 0.07^a

处理 Treatment	株高 Stem height (cm)		地径 Ground diameter (cm)		地上部分鲜质量 Fresh mass of overground part (g)	根质量/地上部分鲜质量 Root mass/fresh mass of overground part
处理 Treatment	水淹前 Before flooding	水淹后 After flooding	水淹前 Before flooding	水淹后 After flooding	水淹后 After flooding
对照 Control	47 ± 3.6^a	48 ± 4.2^a	0.65 ± 0.02^a	0.61 ± 0.06^a	35.78 ± 9.71^a	0.29^a
水浸 Waterlogging	39 ± 4.1^a	34 ± 5.5^b	0.58 ± 0.02^a	0.55 ± 0.02^b	29.56 ± 6.45^b	0.26^a
浅淹 Partial submergence	47 ± 3.9^a	38 ± 2.1^b	0.62 ± 0.03^a	0.57 ± 0.04^b	18.21 ± 2.49^c	0.43^b
深淹 Deep submergence	38 ± 6.8^a	31 ± 3.3^b	0.62 ± 0.04^a	0.53 ± 0.09^b	12.99 ± 3.66^d	0.33^c

处理 Treatment	株高 Stem height (cm)		地径 Ground diameter (cm)		地上部分鲜质量 Fresh mass of overground part (g)	根质量/地上部分鲜质量 Root mass/fresh mass of overground part
处理 Treatment	水淹前 Before flooding	水淹后 After flooding	水淹前 Before flooding	水淹后 After flooding	水淹后 After flooding
对照 Control	47 ± 3.6^a	48 ± 4.2^a	0.65 ± 0.02^a	0.61 ± 0.06^a	35.78 ± 9.71^a	0.29^a
水浸 Waterlogging	39 ± 4.1^a	34 ± 5.5^b	0.58 ± 0.02^a	0.55 ± 0.02^b	29.56 ± 6.45^b	0.26^a
浅淹 Partial submergence	47 ± 3.9^a	38 ± 2.1^b	0.62 ± 0.03^a	0.57 ± 0.04^b	18.21 ± 2.49^c	0.43^b
深淹 Deep submergence	38 ± 6.8^a	31 ± 3.3^b	0.62 ± 0.04^a	0.53 ± 0.09^b	12.99 ± 3.66^d	0.33^c

处理 Treatment	淀粉+可溶性糖 Starch + soluble sugar		根/(根+叶) Root/(root + leaf) (%)
处理 Treatment	根系 Root	叶片 Leaf	淀粉 Starch	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar
对照 Control	65.38 ± 3.01^a	41.07 ± 2.83^a	62.42 ± 2.40^a	39.88 ± 3.80^a
水浸 Waterlogging	78.85 ± 4.57^b	47.41 ± 3.10^b	62.78 ± 2.30^a	47.56 ± 3.10^b
浅淹 Partial submergence	87.83 ± 2.34^c	55.86 ± 3.75^c	61.82 ± 2.40^a	47.29 ± 2.30^b
深淹 Deep submergence	95.71 ± 4.58^d	68.71 ± 4.21^d	58.76 ± 0.10^a	46.73 ± 3.20^b