Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The adjustment of leaf traits and biomass allocation is an important way for plants to adapt to environmental changes. Revealing the responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings to nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, is crucial to understand the adaptation strategies of D. viscosa under the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Methods Seedlings of D. viscosa were planted under nitrogen concentrations (3, 5, 15, 30 mmol·L^-1) and phosphorus concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol·L^-1) by sand culture. Plant height, base diameter, biomass allocation, leaf traits and their correlations were quantified.
Important findings The results showed that high nitrogen concentration (30 mmol·L^-1) increased the height, diameter, leaf nitrogen concentration, and biomass accumulation of D. viscosa, and there were no significant differences of the traits under other concentrations (3, 5, 15 mmol·L ^-1). Compared with the high nitrogen level, other treatments significantly reduced the biomass accumulation and leaf nitrogen concentration, and significantly increased the root:shoot biomass ratio and nitrogen utilization efficiency. With the increase of phosphorus concentration, the biomass of D. viscosa increased significantly. Low phosphorus concentrations (0.25, 0.5 mmol·L^-1) significantly constrained the growth of D. viscosa, and the root:shoot biomass ratio and phosphorus utilization efficiency did not change significantly. Low phosphorus conditions increased the specific leaf area and the leaf:stem biomass ratio, and decreased leaf dry matter content significantly. Under the nitrogen treatment, leaf nitrogen concentration was negatively correlated with the root:shoot biomass ratio, while under phosphorus treatment, leaf nitrogen concentration was positively correlated with specific leaf area. Height, diameter and total biomass of D. viscosa were negatively correlated with the root:shoot biomass ratio, and positively correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration under the condition of nitrogen treatment, indicating that the adjustment of root:shoot biomass ratio and leaf nitrogen concentration played an important role in adapting to nitrogen limitation. However, under the condition of phosphorus treatment, height, diameter and total biomass were negatively correlated with specific leaf area, and positively correlated with leaf dry matter content, indicating that the adjustment of leaf structural traits was of great significance in adapting to changes of phosphorus. Our findings suggest that the biomass allocation, leaf traits and their relationships responded differently to changes in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the effects of nitrogen or phosphorus on plant traits should be discriminated in the future.

Key words: Dodonaea viscosa, nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration, dry-hot valley, nutrient limitation, adaptive strategy

WANG Xue-Mei, YAN Bang-Guo, SHI Liang-Tao, LIU Gang-Cai. Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(12): 1247-1261.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 N and P concentrations and the N:P ratio in different nitrogen and phosphorus concentration gradients

氮、磷水平 N, P levels	氮浓度 N concentration (mmol·L^-1)	磷浓度 P concentration (mmol·L^-1)	氮磷比 N:P
N1	3	1	3
N2	5	1	5
N3	15	1	15
N4	30	1	30
P1	15	0.25	60
P2	15	0.5	30
P3	15	1	15
P4	15	2	7.5

Fig. 1 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on height and base diameter of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

Fig. 2 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on biomass of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

Fig. 3 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the root:shoot biomass ratio and the leaf:stem biomass ratio of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

Fig. 4 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on leaf area, leaf dry mass content and specific leaf area of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

Fig. 5 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration and leaf N:P of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

Fig. 6 Relationships between leaf N concentration of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings and N concentration of the nutrient solution, leaf N:P of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings and N:P of the nutrient solution under different nitrogen treatments. H, homeostatic regulation coefficients.

Fig. 7 Leaf N utilization efficiency and leaf P utilization efficiency of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings under different N:P ratios of the nutrient solution (mean ± SE).

Table 2 Correlations among growth characteristics, biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa under nitrogen and phosphorus treatments

处理 Treat	指标 Value	生长性状 Growth trait			生物量分配 Biomass allocation		叶功能性状 Leaf functional trait
处理 Treat	指标 Value	株高 Plant height	基径 Base diameter	生物量 Biomass	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio	叶干物质含量 LDMC	比叶面积 SLA	叶片氮含量 N concentration	叶片磷含量 P concentration	氮磷比 N:P
氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.917^***	0.915^***	-0.848^***	-0.477^*	0.404	-0.249	0.840^***	0.180	0.464
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.955^***	-0.705^**	-0.380	0.366	-0.205	0.886^***	0.301	0.436
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.773^***	-0.282	0.403	-0.269	0.917^***	0.340	0.421
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	0.187	-0.339	0.227	-0.720^**	-0.032	-0.518^*
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.206	0.223	-0.234	0.092	-0.217
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.902^***	0.271	-0.087	0.316
	比叶面积 SLA							1	-0.121	0.285	-0.370
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.282	0.535^*
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.636^**
	氮磷比 N:P										1
磷处理Phosphorus treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.971^***	0.953^***	-0.201	-0.404	0.939^***	-0.880^***	-0.702^**	-0.175	-0.254
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.951^***	-0.058	-0.452^*	0.908^***	-0.862^***	-0.649^**	-0.154	-0.228
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.099	-0.426	0.919^***	-0.882^***	-0.622^*	-0.131	-0.244
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	-0.528^*	-0.221	0.073	0.425	-0.026	0.265
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.281	0.331	0.074	0.255	-0.186
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.945^***	-0.765^**	-0.293	-0.169
	比叶面积 SLA							1	0.653^**	0.350	0.050
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.216	0.385
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.797^***
	氮磷比 N:P										1

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