Effects of long-term simulated acid rain on soil microbial community structure in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0217

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Soil microorganisms are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and play a critical role in regulating multiple ecological processes such as nutrient acquisition, carbon cycle, and soil formation, especially in the tropical forests where soils are highly weathered with poor nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine the response of soil microbial community under long-term simulated acid rain (SAR) and investigate the most important factors influencing microbial community structure.
Methods Based on a long-term (10-year) field SAR experiment, we investigate the response of soil microbial community structure to soil acidification in the south subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest of Dinghushan National Nature Reserve. Four levels of SAR treatments were set by adding the following amount of H⁺: 0 (CK), 9.6, 32 and 96 mol·hm^-2·a^-1.
Important findings 1) The SAR treatment significantly reduced the pH value of soil (i.e., increased soil acidification). 2) Soil acidification did not significantly influence microbial carbon (C) content, but changed microbial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, leading to significant increases in microbial C:P and N:P in topsoil (0-10 cm). This result indicated that soil acidification might aggravate microbial P limitation. 3) Soil acidification also altered the microbial community structure and significantly increased the fungal/bacterial ratio in the subsoil (10-20 cm). Further analysis showed that soil pH and available P content were the most important factors affecting the soil microbial communities under the SAR treatment.

Key words: soil acidification, microbial stoichiometry, fungal:bacterial, phosphorus limitation

HU Yuan-Liu, CHEN Guo-Yin, CHEN Jing-Wen, SUN Lian-Wei, LI Jian-Ling, DOU Ning, ZHANG De-Qiang, DENG Qi. Effects of long-term simulated acid rain on soil microbial community structure in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(3): 298-308.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 77

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微生物类群 Microbial type		磷脂脂肪酸标志物 Phospholipid fatty acid signatures
细菌 Bacteria	常见细菌 Common bacteria	12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 17:0, 20:0
	革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	16:0, 18:0, 16:0 2OH, a13:0, a15:0, a17:0, i13:0, i14:0, i15:0, i16:0
	放线菌 Actinomycetes	10Me 16:0, 10Me 17:0, 10Me18:0, i17:0
	革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	14:1w5c, 16:1w7c, 18:1w7c, 18:1w9c, cy17:0, 10Me17:1w7c
真菌 Fungi	常见真菌 Common fungi	18:1 w9c, 18:2w6c, 18:3 w3c
真菌 Fungi	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	16:1w5c

微生物类群 Microbial type		磷脂脂肪酸标志物 Phospholipid fatty acid signatures
细菌 Bacteria	常见细菌 Common bacteria	12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 17:0, 20:0
	革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	16:0, 18:0, 16:0 2OH, a13:0, a15:0, a17:0, i13:0, i14:0, i15:0, i16:0
	放线菌 Actinomycetes	10Me 16:0, 10Me 17:0, 10Me18:0, i17:0
	革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	14:1w5c, 16:1w7c, 18:1w7c, 18:1w9c, cy17:0, 10Me17:1w7c
真菌 Fungi	常见真菌 Common fungi	18:1 w9c, 18:2w6c, 18:3 w3c
真菌 Fungi	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	16:1w5c

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	土壤pH Soil pH	含水量 SWC (%)	有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg^-1)	氨态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	总氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg^-1)	总磷含量 TP content (g·kg^-1)	总氮:总磷 TC:TN
0-10	CK	4.18^a (0.03)	43.76^a (1.20)	35.25 (1.22)	1.36 (0.16)	15.85^a (1.02)	2.37 (0.01)	1.68^a (0.12)	0.24^a (0.01)	14.93^bc (0.25)
	T1	4.05^b (0.03)	41.68^a (1.14)	37.71 (2.60)	1.16 (0.25)	10.94^ab (0.90)	2.66 (0.13)	1.47^ab (0.15)	0.19^b (0.01)	14.11^c (0.40)
	T2	3.89^c (0.06)	35.42^b (1.15)	40.43 (3.90)	1.68 (0.24)	9.82^b (1.12)	2.50 (0.19)	0.95^b (0.16)	0.19^b (0.01)	16.00^ab (0.42)
	T3	3.90^c (0.03)	37.34^b (2.17)	41.26 (2.32)	1.94 (0.30)	12.55^ab (1.94)	2.44 (0.14)	1.20^ab (0.07)	0.16^c (0.01)	16.94^a (0.23)
10-20	CK	4.22^a (0.01)	36.31^a (0.85)	25.36 (0.93)	1.18 (0.14)	8.85 (0.61)	1.68 (0.06)	0.69 (0.05)	0.19^a (0.01)	15.13^b (0.31)
	T1	4.14^a (0.03)	36.19^a (0.89)	24.60 (1.98)	0.75 (0.09)	6.57 (0.66)	1.76 (0.11)	0.79 (0.12)	0.15^bc (0.01)	13.95^b (0.36)
	T2	3.98^b (0.04)	31.06^b (0.68)	26.64 (2.13)	1.58 (0.41)	6.87 (0.77)	1.83 (0.14)	0.47 (0.11)	0.16^b (0.01)	14.57^b (0.44)
	T3	4.03^b (0.02)	32.26^b (1.25)	28.66 (1.67)	1.56 (0.30)	7.31 (0.87)	1.74 (0.11)	0.72 (0.08)	0.13^c (0.01)	16.60^a (0.47)

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	土壤pH Soil pH	含水量 SWC (%)	有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg^-1)	氨态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	总氮含量 TN content (g·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg^-1)	总磷含量 TP content (g·kg^-1)	总氮:总磷 TC:TN
0-10	CK	4.18^a (0.03)	43.76^a (1.20)	35.25 (1.22)	1.36 (0.16)	15.85^a (1.02)	2.37 (0.01)	1.68^a (0.12)	0.24^a (0.01)	14.93^bc (0.25)
	T1	4.05^b (0.03)	41.68^a (1.14)	37.71 (2.60)	1.16 (0.25)	10.94^ab (0.90)	2.66 (0.13)	1.47^ab (0.15)	0.19^b (0.01)	14.11^c (0.40)
	T2	3.89^c (0.06)	35.42^b (1.15)	40.43 (3.90)	1.68 (0.24)	9.82^b (1.12)	2.50 (0.19)	0.95^b (0.16)	0.19^b (0.01)	16.00^ab (0.42)
	T3	3.90^c (0.03)	37.34^b (2.17)	41.26 (2.32)	1.94 (0.30)	12.55^ab (1.94)	2.44 (0.14)	1.20^ab (0.07)	0.16^c (0.01)	16.94^a (0.23)
10-20	CK	4.22^a (0.01)	36.31^a (0.85)	25.36 (0.93)	1.18 (0.14)	8.85 (0.61)	1.68 (0.06)	0.69 (0.05)	0.19^a (0.01)	15.13^b (0.31)
	T1	4.14^a (0.03)	36.19^a (0.89)	24.60 (1.98)	0.75 (0.09)	6.57 (0.66)	1.76 (0.11)	0.79 (0.12)	0.15^bc (0.01)	13.95^b (0.36)
	T2	3.98^b (0.04)	31.06^b (0.68)	26.64 (2.13)	1.58 (0.41)	6.87 (0.77)	1.83 (0.14)	0.47 (0.11)	0.16^b (0.01)	14.57^b (0.44)
	T3	4.03^b (0.02)	32.26^b (1.25)	28.66 (1.67)	1.56 (0.30)	7.31 (0.87)	1.74 (0.11)	0.72 (0.08)	0.13^c (0.01)	16.60^a (0.47)

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	总量 Total	细菌 B	革兰氏阳性菌 G+	革兰氏阴性菌 G-	放线菌 A	真菌 F	丛枝菌根真菌 AMF	真菌:细菌 F:B	革兰氏阳性菌:阴性菌 G+:G-
0-10	CK	34.07 (1.70)	29.74 (1.51)	24.29 (1.25)	4.15 (0.24)	6.52 (0.35)	4.33 (0.19)	1.05 (0.07)	0.15^b (0.01)	5.89 (0.18)
	T1	36.25 (1.76)	31.55 (1.57)	25.83 (1.31)	4.15 (0.19)	6.76 (0.34)	4.69 (0.23)	0.97 (0.06)	0.15^b (0.01)	6.21 (0.13)
	T2	31.54 (1.78)	26.76 (1.47)	21.87 (1.28)	3.60 (0.19)	5.68 (0.30)	4.77 (0.32)	0.89 (0.06)	0.18^a (0.01)	6.14 (0.32)
	T3	31.90 (2.70)	27.70 (2.31)	22.43 (1.87)	3.87 (0.37)	5.95 (0.49)	4.20 (0.40)	0.83 (0.07)	0.15^b (0.01)	5.92 (0.29)
10-20	CK	20.72 (1.58)	18.45 (1.37)	14.86 (1.14)	2.79 (0.18)	4.29 (0.31)	2.27^c (0.21)	0.51^b (0.05)	0.12^c (0.01)	5.30 (0.13)
	T1	26.38 (1.72)	23.09 (1.50)	18.53 (1.23)	3.46 (0.21)	5.03 (0.30)	3.29^ab (0.25)	0.60^ab (0.05)	0.14^b (0.01)	5.37 (0.26)
	T2	26.73 (1.29)	22.84 (1.07)	18.64 (0.90)	3.10 (0.21)	4.98 (0.24)	3.90^a (0.25)	0.69^a (0.03)	0.17^a (0.01)	6.16 (0.35)
	T3	22.86 (1.74)	19.94 (1.52)	15.91 (1.23)	3.02 (0.23)	4.29 (0.32)	2.92^bc (0.25)	0.54^ab (0.05)	0.15^b (0.01)	5.30 (0.21)