Soil infiltration dynamics in early period of a post-fire Pinus tabulaeformis plantation

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0421

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims As a key factor for the redistribution of rainwater or meltwater, soil infiltration has a substantial effect on forest eco-hydrological processes. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of soil infiltration and its structural controlling factors in the early stage of a post-fire Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beijing.
Methods After a fire occurred in March of 2019, the 0-20 cm soils in both post-fire and control plots were monthly collected from May to December 2019. Soil structure and infiltration were determined to analyze their response to fire disturbance and explore how they changed with soil depth and time. Path analysis was employed to discuss the effects of fire and soil structural properties on infiltration.
Important findings The results showed that: 1) In general, the surface soil had higher values of structural indexes (except small aggregates) than subsoils, and values of structural indexes recorded from June to August were higher than those recorded in other months. The vertical distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of soil structure were changed by fire. The content of soil aggregates >5, 2-5 and 1-2 mm and bulk density increased significantly two months after fire, while other indicators decreased significantly after fire. The effect of fire was weakened as soil layers deepened and time went by. Also, we observed distinct interactions among fire, soil depth and time. 2) Soil infiltration characteristics changed slowly with soil depth, but changed significantly with time. In addition, soil initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, cumulative-infiltration volume and saturated hydraulic conductivity were largest in August (with higher rainwater and heavy rainfall events). After the fire, soil infiltration in 0-5 cm and that from June to September considerably varied. Soil infiltration characteristics generally decreased, and the peak value in post-fire plots occurred one or two months ahead of that in control plots. 3) Fire significantly affected soil structural properties, while soil infiltration was mainly and directly affected by soil structural properties. Excluding the impact of fire disturbance, the infiltrability of soil had a significant positive correlation with soil aggregate, bulk density and water holding capacity, and a negative correlation with porosity. Although organic matter content and initial water content had no significant effect on infiltrability, organic matter content could indirectly affect infiltrability by affecting porosity or water holding capacity. However, only initial water content had a significant and direct effect on infiltrability at the early stage of a post-fire forest, and the higher the initial moisture content was, the slower the soil infiltration was. Taken together, fire could change or decouple the way soil structure affected soil infiltration and its internal part, and indirectly affected soil infiltration in the early period of post-fire.

Key words: fire disturbance, infiltration process, soil depth, soil structure, time variation

QIN Qian-Qian, QIU Cong, ZHENG Da-Cheng, LIU Yan-Hong. Soil infiltration dynamics in early period of a post-fire Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(8): 903-917.

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Figures/Tables 8

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指标 Index		火烧干扰 Fire disturbance (df = 1)	土壤深度 Soil depth (df = 3)	时间 Time (df = 7)	火烧×深度 Fire × Depth (df = 3)	火烧×时间 Fire × Time (df = 7)	深度×时间 Depth × Time (df = 21)	火烧×深度×时间 Fire × Depth × Time (df = 21)
机械性团聚体含量 Mechanical aggregate content	>5 mm	13.09^***	2.76^*	37.85^***	3.85^*	31.49^***	8.26^***	5.33^***
	2-5 mm	22.73^***	10.87^***	168.02^***	13.63^***	26.08^***	5.44^***	3.04^***
	1-2 mm	152.67^***	4.10^**	73.87^***	55.90^***	7.32^***	4.75^***	5.43^***
	0.5-1 mm	250.59^***	88.04^***	248.94^***	19.25^***	81.65^***	45.44^***	36.07^***
	0.25-0.5 mm	75.74^***	12.68^***	144.97^***	11.12^***	27.16^***	7.55^***	5.86^***
	<0.25 mm	220.90^***	5.56^**	505.52^***	98.28^***	43.76^***	14.44^***	10.70^***
初始含水率 Initial water content		7.04^**	16.99^***	107.52^***	45.01^***	136.38^***	8.40^***	12.91^***
饱和持水量 Saturation moisture capacity		236.75^***	6.13^**	11.61^***	5.71^**	1.07	2.61^**	2.59^**
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity		144.93^***	7.43^***	9.18^***	1.55	1.29	1.89^*	1.69
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity		147.69^***	6.24^**	37.18^***	0.68	1.46	3.42^***	1.53
容重 Bulk density		290.39^***	4.49^**	5.80^***	5.45^**	3.44^**	2.47^**	4.49^***
总孔隙度 Total porosity		90.39^***	2.03	18.35^***	7.12^***	3.56^**	2.17^*	0.93
毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity		70.17^***	6.13^**	14.13^***	2.79^*	6.00^***	2.51^**	1.28
非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity		33.90^***	26.91^***	39.63^***	17.38^***	10.96^***	3.36^***	3.88^***
有机质含量 Organic matter content		196.99^***	100.15^***	3.48^**	1.82	1.99	1.06	0.71

指标 Index		火烧干扰 Fire disturbance (df = 1)	土壤深度 Soil depth (df = 3)	时间 Time (df = 7)	火烧×深度 Fire × Depth (df = 3)	火烧×时间 Fire × Time (df = 7)	深度×时间 Depth × Time (df = 21)	火烧×深度×时间 Fire × Depth × Time (df = 21)
机械性团聚体含量 Mechanical aggregate content	>5 mm	13.09^***	2.76^*	37.85^***	3.85^*	31.49^***	8.26^***	5.33^***
	2-5 mm	22.73^***	10.87^***	168.02^***	13.63^***	26.08^***	5.44^***	3.04^***
	1-2 mm	152.67^***	4.10^**	73.87^***	55.90^***	7.32^***	4.75^***	5.43^***
	0.5-1 mm	250.59^***	88.04^***	248.94^***	19.25^***	81.65^***	45.44^***	36.07^***
	0.25-0.5 mm	75.74^***	12.68^***	144.97^***	11.12^***	27.16^***	7.55^***	5.86^***
	<0.25 mm	220.90^***	5.56^**	505.52^***	98.28^***	43.76^***	14.44^***	10.70^***
初始含水率 Initial water content		7.04^**	16.99^***	107.52^***	45.01^***	136.38^***	8.40^***	12.91^***
饱和持水量 Saturation moisture capacity		236.75^***	6.13^**	11.61^***	5.71^**	1.07	2.61^**	2.59^**
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity		144.93^***	7.43^***	9.18^***	1.55	1.29	1.89^*	1.69
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity		147.69^***	6.24^**	37.18^***	0.68	1.46	3.42^***	1.53
容重 Bulk density		290.39^***	4.49^**	5.80^***	5.45^**	3.44^**	2.47^**	4.49^***
总孔隙度 Total porosity		90.39^***	2.03	18.35^***	7.12^***	3.56^**	2.17^*	0.93
毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity		70.17^***	6.13^**	14.13^***	2.79^*	6.00^***	2.51^**	1.28
非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity		33.90^***	26.91^***	39.63^***	17.38^***	10.96^***	3.36^***	3.88^***
有机质含量 Organic matter content		196.99^***	100.15^***	3.48^**	1.82	1.99	1.06	0.71

指标 Index	火烧干扰 Fire disturbance (df = 1)	土壤深度 Soil depth (df = 3)	时间 Time (df = 7)	火烧 × 深度 Fire × Depth (df = 3)	火烧 × 时间 Fire × Time (df = 7)	深度 × 时间 Depth × Time (df = 21)	火烧 × 深度 × 时间 Fire × Depth × Time (df = 21)
初渗速率 Initial infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	2.10	0.22	8.93^***	0.75	1.05	0.49	0.38
稳渗速率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	0.06	0.69	8.37^***	0.25	2.70^*	0.43	0.60
入渗总量 Cumulative-infiltration volume (mm)	0.28	0.62	8.93^***	0.36	2.06	0.48	0.55
饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (mm·min^-1)	0.51	0.38	9.31^***	0.49	1.67	0.43	0.47

指标 Index	火烧干扰 Fire disturbance (df = 1)	土壤深度 Soil depth (df = 3)	时间 Time (df = 7)	火烧 × 深度 Fire × Depth (df = 3)	火烧 × 时间 Fire × Time (df = 7)	深度 × 时间 Depth × Time (df = 21)	火烧 × 深度 × 时间 Fire × Depth × Time (df = 21)
初渗速率 Initial infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	2.10	0.22	8.93^***	0.75	1.05	0.49	0.38
稳渗速率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	0.06	0.69	8.37^***	0.25	2.70^*	0.43	0.60
入渗总量 Cumulative-infiltration volume (mm)	0.28	0.62	8.93^***	0.36	2.06	0.48	0.55
饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (mm·min^-1)	0.51	0.38	9.31^***	0.49	1.67	0.43	0.47

样地 Plot	月份 Month	初渗速率 Initial infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	稳渗速率 Steady infiltration rate (mm·min^-1)	入渗总量 Cumulative-infiltration volume (mm)	饱和导水率 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (mm·min^-1)
对照样地(CK) Control plot	5	3.15 ± 1.36^BC	1.62 ± 0.71^AB	104.89 ± 45.94^AB	2.22 ± 0.98^B
	6	6.49 ± 3.44^A	2.50 ± 0.86^A	176.10 ± 73.71^A	3.89 ± 1.66^A
	7	5.75 ± 2.52^AB	1.63 ± 0.75^AB	119.54 ± 52.15^AB	2.73 ± 1.16^AB
	8	7.34 ± 4.20^A	2.52 ± 0.92^A	173.66 ± 70.10^A	3.81 ± 1.56^A
	9	2.46 ± 1.97^C	1.06 ± 0.89^B	70.06 ± 59.47^B	1.53 ± 1.26^B
	10	3.26 ± 1.66^BC	1.36 ± 0.65^B	88.79 ± 41.02^B	1.98 ± 0.91^B
	11	2.17 ± 1.39^C	0.90 ± 0.67^B	59.81 ± 41.45^B	1.32 ± 0.87^B
	12	3.41 ± 1.82^BC	1.29 ± 0.70^B	90.55 ± 50.80^B	1.93 ± 1.04^B
	平均值 Mean	4.25 ± 2.30	1.61 ± 0.77	110.43 ± 54.33	2.43 ± 1.18
火烧样地(PF) Post-fire plot	5	3.64 ± 2.66^AB	1.57 ± 1.02^ABC	112.34 ± 77.20^AB	2.35 ± 1.60^ABC
	6	6.00 ± 2.94^A	2.34 ± 0.83^A	156.78 ± 62.87^A	3.46 ± 1.40^A
	7	5.04 ± 2.37^AB	2.48 ± 1.12^A*	163.99 ± 69.79^A	3.50 ± 1.45^A
	8	4.77 ± 2.77^AB*	1.82 ± 0.99^AB*	122.48 ± 64.21^AB*	2.74 ± 1.48^AB*
	9	2.94 ± 1.40^AB	1.53 ± 0.78^ABC	94.37 ± 45.32^AB	1.99 ± 0.89^ABC
	10	2.06 ± 1.28^B	0.72 ± 0.42^C	49.63 ± 28.54^B	1.12 ± 0.64^C
	11	2.37 ± 1.22^B	1.10 ± 0.70^BC	61.29 ± 36.89^B	1.28 ± 0.75^BC
	12	3.03 ± 2.57^AB	1.10 ± 0.86^BC	73.27 ± 56.09^B	1.64 ± 1.30^BC
	平均值 Mean	3.73 ± 2.15	1.58 ± 0.84	104.27 ± 55.11	2.26 ± 1.19