Influence of different de-trending methods on stem water relations of Picea meyeri derived from Dendrometer measurements

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0025

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The high-precision data measured by the Dendrometer includes not only the stem radial growth process caused by the enlargement of xylem cells but also the reversible changes caused by the consumption and replenishment of the stem water. Our objectives were to assess the difference in stem water relations of Picea meyeri obtained by different de-trending methods and their responses to water conditions in soil and air.
Methods Hourly stem radius variations in P. meyeri and corresponding environmental factors were monitored in the lower limit of the coniferous forest on the northern slope of Luya Mountain, northern Shanxi Province, China. Gompertz growth model (GPZ), linear growth model (LG), and zero growth model (ZG), daily approach (D), and stem cycle approach (SC) were used to fit the stem growth trend in the growing season of 2015. Then, the growth trend and extract five different types of tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD_GPZ, TWD_LG, TWD_ZG, TWD_D, and TWD_SC) were removed to characterize the dynamic of stem water relations. Moving window correlation (31 days) and ordinary least square regression were further employed to analyze the responses of different types of stem water relations to soil and air moisture conditions.
Important findings The results showed that: 1) stem water relations derived from different de-trending methods had contrasting trends and amplitude, which could be clustered into three groups: TWD_LG and TWD_ZG, TWD_GPZ, and TWD_D and TWD_SC. Each month, significant correlations between stem water relations in the same group or a lower clustering distance showed, however, TWD_LG, TWD_ZG, and TWD_GPZ had weaker correlations with TWD and TWD_SC in August. 2) TWD_D and TWD_SC had a closer and more stable positive relationship with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) than TWD_GPZ, TWD_LG, and TWD_ZG did. The responses of all types of stem water relations to soil water content (SWC) varied greatly during the growing season. 3) All stem water relations significantly increased as the water stress (VPD/SWC) intensified (p < 0.05). When the stress was low, TWD_SC was most sensitive to the changes of VPD/SWC (R² = 0.39, p < 0.001), whereas it was not much different from TWD_ZG (R² = 0.37, p < 0.001); when the stress was high, TWD_ZG showed the greatest sensitivity to VPD/SWC (R² = 0.59, p < 0.001). Our results suggested that the zero-growth model was more suitable to detrend the stem radius variations during the growing season, and provided a crucial reference for predicting the stem water status and dynamics, especially under drought stress.

Key words: Dendrometer, growth detrend, stem shrinkage, moving window correlation, drought

XUE Feng, JIANG Yuan, DONG Man-Yu, WANG Ming-Chang, DING Xin-Yuan, YANG Xian-Ji, CUI Ming-Hao, KANG Mu-Yi. Influence of different de-trending methods on stem water relations of Picea meyeri derived from Dendrometer measurements[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(8): 880-890.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0025

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I8/880

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Comparison of the mean monthly air temperatures and the monthly precipitation for the year 2015 and the 60 a average (1957-2016) of Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China.

Table 1 Characteristics of four Picea meyeri sample trees of Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China

编号 Tree number	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Dimeter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown dimeter (m)
1	8.0	14.7	2.0
2	9.0	16.9	2.7
3	12.0	20.1	3.5
4	9.0	18.8	2.5

Fig. 2 Hourly time series of stem radial variations (SRV) and growth process calculated by different detrending approaches for Picea meyeri of Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China in the growing season of 2015. DOY, day of the year.

Table 2 Main parameters of tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) calculated by different detrending methods of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China

	TWD_GPZ	TWD_LG	TWD_ZG	TWD_D	TWD_SC
平均值 Mean (μm)	100.2	328.2	262.0	126.8	144.6
标准差 SD (μm)	108.0	155.3	159.9	82.4	90.3
最大值 Maximum (μm)	388.8	685.9	630.1	367.8	398.2
最大值出现时间 Date of maximum occurrence (DOY)	241	241	241	133	133

Fig. 3 Tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China, calculated by different detrending approaches. D, daily approach; GPZ, Gompertz model; LG, linear growth model; SC, stem cycle approach; ZG, zero growth model. Dashed lines indicate the average. DOY, day of the year.

Fig. 4 Cluster analysis of tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China, with different detrending methods. D, daily approach; GPZ, Gompertz model; LG, linear growth model; SC, stem cycle approach; ZG, zero growth model.

Fig. 5 Correlation matrix of tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) relations of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China, developed from different detrending approaches in different months. D, daily approach; GPZ, Gompertz model; LG, linear growth model; SC, stem cycle approach; ZG, zero growth model. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Fig. 6 Moving window correlation (31 days) between tree water deficit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China, and vapor pressure (VPD) and soil water content (SWC). D, daily approach; GPZ, Gompertz model; LG, linear growth model; SC, stem cycle approach; ZG, zero growth model. DOY, day of the year. Dotted lines indicate p < 0.05.

Fig. 7 Seasonal variations of water stress factor at monitoring site on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. SWC, soil water content; VPD, vapor pressure deficit. DOY, day of the year. The dashed line represents the average.

Fig. 8 Sensitivity of tree water dificit-induced stem shrinkage (TWD) relations of Picea meyeri on Luya Mountain, Shanxi Province, China, with different de-trending methods to water stress factors. D, daily approach; GPZ, Gompertz model; LG, linear growth model; SC, stem cycle approach; ZG, zero growth model. SWC, soil water content; VPD, vapor pressure deficit. The dashed line represents the average of VPD/SWC = 2.7 kPa·m3·m-3.

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