Effects of phenological change on ecosystem productivity of temperate deciduous broad- leaved forests in North America

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Results of effects of phenological change on terrestrial ecosystem carbon budgets almost always lack comparability because of differences in data sources and time and spatial scales. Our objective was to determine how phenological change effects ecosystem productivity by analyzing annual phenological change of two deciduous broad-leaved forests in North America based on four-class carbon flux data.
Methods We designed a relative threshold method to extract the phenological parameters, including start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and growing season length (GSL) from four-class carbon flux data. The phenological parameters were linked to ecosystem productivity of North American deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBF) at Harvard Forest and the University of Michigan Biological Station.
Important findings Prolonged GSL influences annual gross primary productivity (GPP), but not net ecosystem productivity (NEP) due to disturbance of ecosystem respiration (RE). Advanced SOS has the most significant influence on the first half year’s GPP, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76 at Harvard Forest and 0.93 at the University of Michigan. Delayed EOS has little influence on annual GPP and NEP. Although increases of GPP and RE were observed with advanced SOS or delayed EOS, the relationship between phenology and NEP remains complicated due to the uncertainty of RE.

Key words: ecosystem productivity, phenological phase, relative threshold method, temperate deciduous broad- leaved forest

ZHAO Jing-Jing, LIU Liang-Yun. Effects of phenological change on ecosystem productivity of temperate deciduous broad- leaved forests in North America[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(5): 363-371.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2012/V36/I5/363

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 20% GPPmax threshold phenology extraction algorithm (Harvard Forest Station in 2001). EOS, end of growing season; SOS, start of growing season.

Fig. 2 Interannual variation of start of growing season, end of growing season, growing season length at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

Fig. 3 Correlation between growing season length and annual gross primary productivity at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

Fig. 4 Correlation between growing season length and net ecosystem productivity at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

Fig. 5 Correlation between growing season length and respiration at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

Table 1 Correlation coefficient between phenological change (start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS)) and gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in first half year (FHY), last half year (LHY) and whole year (WY), respectively, at Harvard Forest (HF) Station and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)

站点名 Station name	物候期变化 Phenological change	GPP WY	GPP FHY	GPP LHY	RE WY	RE FHY	RE LHY	NEP WY	NEP FHY	NEP LHY
HF	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	0.6	0.76	0.60	0.14	0.57	-0.37	0.57	0.17	0.56
HF	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	0.2	0.22	0.14	0.37	0.45	0.10	-0.10	-0.35	0.04
UMBS	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	0.0	0.93	-0.88	0.05	0.69	-0.63	0.05	0.71	-0.75
UMBS	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	0.2	-0.51	0.78	-0.17	-0.62	0.40	0.54	-0.17	0.81

Fig. 6 Effects of start of growing season in first half year and those of end of growing season in last half year on gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

Table 2 Effects of phenological change (start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS)) on gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in first half year (FHY), last half year (LHY) and whole year (WY), respectively, at Harvard Forest (HF) Station and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (Unit, g C·m-2)

站点名 Station name	物候期变化 Phenological change	GPP WY	GPP FHY	GPP LHY	RE WY	RE FHY	RE LHY	NEP WY	NEP FHY	NEP LHY
HF	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	-0.04	9.35	-9.39	0.44	4.23	-3.79	0.48	5.11	-5.60
HF	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	3.46	-5.54	9.00	-1.54	-4.10	2.56	5.01	-1.43	6.44
UMBS	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	10.12	7.79	4.33	1.78	4.80	-3.02	8.34	0.99	7.34
UMBS	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	5.19	2.65	2.53	7.61	6.15	1.46	-2.42	-3.49	1.07

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