Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 681-689.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00681
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ZHANG Bo1,2,*(), SUN Shan3, FANG Qiang-En1, BAI Xiao-Ming1
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2012-07-10
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ZHANG Bo
ZHANG Bo, SUN Shan, FANG Qiang-En, BAI Xiao-Ming. Evolutionary response of staminal lever mechanism of different species in Salvia to spatial variation in pollinators[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(7): 681-689.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00681
物种/居群 Species/Population | 毛地黄鼠尾草I S. digitaloides I | 毛地黄鼠尾草II S. digitaloides II | 近掌脉鼠尾草 S. subpalmatinervis | 圆苞鼠尾草 S. cyclostegia | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群描述 Population description | |||||
地点 Location | 丽江干河坝 Ganheba in Lijiang | 丽江甘海子 Ganhaizi in Lijiang | 中甸纳帕海 Napahai in Zhongdian | 丽江文海 Wenhai in Lijiang | |
经纬度 Longitude/Latitude | 27°04.307′ N 100°14.683′ E | 27°00.897′ N 100°14.671′ E | 27°55.377′ N 99°38.060′ E | 27°00.447′ N 100°09.334′ E | |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 3 200 ± 10 | 2 660 ± 10 | 3 350 ± 10 | 3 160 ± 25 | |
花期 Flowering period | 7-9月 July-Sept. | 4-5月 Apr.-May | 7-8月 July-Aug. | 5月 May | |
花部性状 Floral trait (mm) | n = 86 | n = 33 | n = 53 | n = 36 | |
冠长 Corolla length | 32.14 ± 0.23a | 30.81 ± 0.30ab | 31.58 ± 0.42ab | 30.19 ± 0.37b | |
雄蕊杠杆长 Stamen lever length | 4.55 ± 0.05c | 5.25 ± 0.07b | 4.66 ± 0.08c | 5.83 ± 0.06a | |
冠口高 Corolla entrance height | 5.30 ± 0.05c | 6.02 ± 0.10b | 5.37 ± 0.07c | 6.48 ± 0.10a | |
柱高 Stigma height | 5.53 ± 0.12b | 6.70 ± 0.17a | 4.36 ± 0.13c | 6.99 ± 0.21a | |
柱头探出距离 Style exertion | 3.95 ± 0.10b | 4.41 ± 0.17ab | 4.81 ± 0.13a | 4.47 ± 0.24ab |
Table 1 Floral traits and information of different populations in Salvia (mean ± SE)
物种/居群 Species/Population | 毛地黄鼠尾草I S. digitaloides I | 毛地黄鼠尾草II S. digitaloides II | 近掌脉鼠尾草 S. subpalmatinervis | 圆苞鼠尾草 S. cyclostegia | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
居群描述 Population description | |||||
地点 Location | 丽江干河坝 Ganheba in Lijiang | 丽江甘海子 Ganhaizi in Lijiang | 中甸纳帕海 Napahai in Zhongdian | 丽江文海 Wenhai in Lijiang | |
经纬度 Longitude/Latitude | 27°04.307′ N 100°14.683′ E | 27°00.897′ N 100°14.671′ E | 27°55.377′ N 99°38.060′ E | 27°00.447′ N 100°09.334′ E | |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 3 200 ± 10 | 2 660 ± 10 | 3 350 ± 10 | 3 160 ± 25 | |
花期 Flowering period | 7-9月 July-Sept. | 4-5月 Apr.-May | 7-8月 July-Aug. | 5月 May | |
花部性状 Floral trait (mm) | n = 86 | n = 33 | n = 53 | n = 36 | |
冠长 Corolla length | 32.14 ± 0.23a | 30.81 ± 0.30ab | 31.58 ± 0.42ab | 30.19 ± 0.37b | |
雄蕊杠杆长 Stamen lever length | 4.55 ± 0.05c | 5.25 ± 0.07b | 4.66 ± 0.08c | 5.83 ± 0.06a | |
冠口高 Corolla entrance height | 5.30 ± 0.05c | 6.02 ± 0.10b | 5.37 ± 0.07c | 6.48 ± 0.10a | |
柱高 Stigma height | 5.53 ± 0.12b | 6.70 ± 0.17a | 4.36 ± 0.13c | 6.99 ± 0.21a | |
柱头探出距离 Style exertion | 3.95 ± 0.10b | 4.41 ± 0.17ab | 4.81 ± 0.13a | 4.47 ± 0.24ab |
Fig. 1 Morphometrics of flower in Salvia. A, side view of a flower. B, enlarged view of stamen lever. C, front view of a flower. ceh, corolla entrance height; cew, corolla entrance width; cl, corolla length; se, style exsertion; sll, stamen lever length; sth, stigma height.
居群Population | 传粉者 Pollinator assemblage | 传粉者大小 Pollinator’s body size (mm) | 相对频次 Frequency | 单花访花时间 Visit time per flower (s) | 访花率指数 Visitation rate index | 传粉方式 Pollination mode | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
体长 Body length | 胸厚 Body thickness | 喙长 Tongue length | ||||||
毛地黄鼠尾草I S. digitaloides Population I | ||||||||
Bombus friseanus ? | 15.97 ± 0.55 | 4.97 ± 0.08 | 4.33 ± 0.16 | 0.65 | 15.50 ± 1.92 | 2.36 | D/V | |
B. personatus | 20.54 ± 0.91 | 5.27 ± 0.06 | 10.71 ± 1.21 | 0.09 | 2.55 ± 0.22 | 2.12 | D | |
B. infrequens | 15.16 ± 0.76 | 4.40 ± 0.18 | 4.96 ± 0.82 | 0.26 | 17.1 ± 1.23 | 0.91 | D | |
毛地黄鼠尾草II S. digitaloides Population II | ||||||||
Psithyrus sp. ? | 23.11 ± 1.41 | 7.43 ± 0.27 | 5.17 ± 0.07 | 0.57 | 8.68 ± 0.90 | 3.94 | D | |
B. lepidus | 13.55 ± 0.46 | 4.46 ± 0.16 | 3.70 ± 0.37 | 0.20 | 15.57 ± 1.20 | 0.77 | D/V | |
B. infrequens | 14.78 | 4.46 | 3.02 | < 0.20 | - | - | D | |
近掌脉鼠尾草 S. subpalmatinervis | ||||||||
B. friseanus ? | 16.60 ± 0.28 | 5.06 ± 0.12 | 4.49 ± 0.3 | 0.87 | 13.58 ± 0.91 | 3.84 | D/V | |
B. personatus | 18.76 ± 1.32 | 5.28 ± 0.04 | 10.30 ± 1 | 0.10 | 4.21 ± 0.40 | 1.42 | D | |
B. atrocinctus | 18.00 ± 0.15 | 5.96 ± 0.15 | 5.38 ± 0.09 | < 0.03 | - | - | D | |
圆苞鼠尾草 S. cyclostegia | ||||||||
B. friseanus | 14.14 ± 0.32 | 4.36 ± 0.16 | 4.44 ± 0.42 | 0.05 | 11.77 ± 0.75 | 0.24 | V/D | |
B. personatus ? | 27.29 ± 0.96 | 7.22 ± 0.09 | 12.49 ± 1.01 | 0.90 | 3.53 ± 0.15 | 15.30 | D | |
B. remotus | 17.61 ± 0.14 | 6.03 ± 0.08 | 6.29 ± 0.48 | 0.05 | 10.89 ± 1.54 | 0.28 | D |
Table 2 Pollinator assemblage and body morphometrics, modes and efficiency of pollination of different pollinator in each population of Salvia (mean ± SE)
居群Population | 传粉者 Pollinator assemblage | 传粉者大小 Pollinator’s body size (mm) | 相对频次 Frequency | 单花访花时间 Visit time per flower (s) | 访花率指数 Visitation rate index | 传粉方式 Pollination mode | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
体长 Body length | 胸厚 Body thickness | 喙长 Tongue length | ||||||
毛地黄鼠尾草I S. digitaloides Population I | ||||||||
Bombus friseanus ? | 15.97 ± 0.55 | 4.97 ± 0.08 | 4.33 ± 0.16 | 0.65 | 15.50 ± 1.92 | 2.36 | D/V | |
B. personatus | 20.54 ± 0.91 | 5.27 ± 0.06 | 10.71 ± 1.21 | 0.09 | 2.55 ± 0.22 | 2.12 | D | |
B. infrequens | 15.16 ± 0.76 | 4.40 ± 0.18 | 4.96 ± 0.82 | 0.26 | 17.1 ± 1.23 | 0.91 | D | |
毛地黄鼠尾草II S. digitaloides Population II | ||||||||
Psithyrus sp. ? | 23.11 ± 1.41 | 7.43 ± 0.27 | 5.17 ± 0.07 | 0.57 | 8.68 ± 0.90 | 3.94 | D | |
B. lepidus | 13.55 ± 0.46 | 4.46 ± 0.16 | 3.70 ± 0.37 | 0.20 | 15.57 ± 1.20 | 0.77 | D/V | |
B. infrequens | 14.78 | 4.46 | 3.02 | < 0.20 | - | - | D | |
近掌脉鼠尾草 S. subpalmatinervis | ||||||||
B. friseanus ? | 16.60 ± 0.28 | 5.06 ± 0.12 | 4.49 ± 0.3 | 0.87 | 13.58 ± 0.91 | 3.84 | D/V | |
B. personatus | 18.76 ± 1.32 | 5.28 ± 0.04 | 10.30 ± 1 | 0.10 | 4.21 ± 0.40 | 1.42 | D | |
B. atrocinctus | 18.00 ± 0.15 | 5.96 ± 0.15 | 5.38 ± 0.09 | < 0.03 | - | - | D | |
圆苞鼠尾草 S. cyclostegia | ||||||||
B. friseanus | 14.14 ± 0.32 | 4.36 ± 0.16 | 4.44 ± 0.42 | 0.05 | 11.77 ± 0.75 | 0.24 | V/D | |
B. personatus ? | 27.29 ± 0.96 | 7.22 ± 0.09 | 12.49 ± 1.01 | 0.90 | 3.53 ± 0.15 | 15.30 | D | |
B. remotus | 17.61 ± 0.14 | 6.03 ± 0.08 | 6.29 ± 0.48 | 0.05 | 10.89 ± 1.54 | 0.28 | D |
Fig. 2 Variation relationship of floral traits to body size of main pollinator’s among populations. A, relationship between corolla length and pollinator’s body length (r = -0.97, p = 0.024). B, relationship between staminal lever length and pollinator’s body length (r = 0.99, p = 0.004). C, relationship between corolla entrance height and pollinator’s body thickness (r = 0.92, p = 0.08). D, relationship between stigma height and pollinator’s body thickness (r = 0.89, p = 0.10).
Fig. 3 Pollination modes of different pollinators in each population of Salvia. Population I of S. digitaloides in Ganheba: dorsal pollinations by bigger Bombus friseanus (A) and B. personatus (C), and ventral pollinations by smaller B. friseanus (B); population II of S. digitaloides in Dongbagu: dorsal pollination by Psithyrus sp. (D); population of S. cyclostegia: dorsal pollinations by B. personatus (E) and ventral pollinations by smaller B. friseanus (F); population of S. subpalmatinervis: dorsal pollinations by bigger B. friseanus (G) and B. personatus (I), and ventral pollinations by smaller B. friseanus (H).
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